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Produkt vom BFSG ausgenommen: Hersteller ist Kleinstunternehmen

Ciencias Humanas

Leticia Elena Naranjo Gálvez

Tres modelos contemporáneos de agencia humana

Un estudio sobre la motivación y la deliberación moral

Jesús Alberto Suárez Pineda

Nacimiento y modernización (1967-1990), un enfoque de economía política

Contaduría pública en el Externado

Political Science and International Studies (R0)

Marcos Alan Ferreira

Historical Developments and Impacts in South America

Criminal Non-State Actors

Grenfieth de Jesús Sierra Cadena

Gilles J. Guglielmi

La internacionalización del derecho administrativo

Aus der Reihe: e-fellows.net stipendiaten-wissen

Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 2, University of Bayreuth (Economics), language: English, abstract: Climate change is one of the world's major challenges to overcome. After the 2015 Paris Agreement, 196 countries around the globe agreed to undertake policy measures for keeping the average rise of global temperature below 2° Celsius by 2050. The main goal of this global governance framework is to help the parties mobilize financial resources and mitigate the effects of climate change. Under the agreement, every country must regularly report its contributions to emission reductions.

The governmental budgets worldwide will not be sufficient to finance the necessary climate change mitigation and adaptation infrastructure projects. On the one hand, there exists a large investment gap in developing countries of around 530 billion United States dollar (USD) that need to be invested by 2030 solely in the energy sector to meet the countries’ sustainable infrastructure needs. Since the urbanization rate is rapidly increasing, especially cities in emerging economies urgently need large amounts of capital. On the other hand, large institutional investors are increasingly introducing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria in their investment decisions and incorporating ‘green’ mandates in their statutes. One potential instrument to meet policymaker’s and investor’s needs are green bonds (GBs).

Therefore, this research aims to investigate the market barriers for municipal green bonds (MGBs) in Colombia. Since the topic has a niche character, the research method is based on a literature review and three experts’ interviews to add an insightful perspective of market practitioners. The structural barriers identified as obstacles to market development were macroeconomic variables that limit the access to capital markets, political variables such as corruption, conflicts, rivalries between parties and cortoplacismo as well as market skepticism to-wards new financial instruments and ‘green’ topics. Additionally, some specific market barriers of the green bonds market are significantly high transaction costs, lack of technical knowledge, dependence on external market actors, liquidity, and greenwashing risk. The last chapter of this master thesis presents policy recommendations for three key market actors: Colombian municipalities, the central government, and multilateral development banks.

María Torres

A market analysis of the opportunities, requisites, and challenges of the municipal green bonds market in Colombia

Should Colombian Cities Issue Green Bonds?

Leyes

Constitución Política de Colombia de 1886

This new, fourth edition of Bradt’s Colombia has been thoroughly updated to include the most recent developments in this emerging South American destination and to bring to the fore the country’s fast-developing ecotourism offering. After decades of trouble, Colombia now offers one of South America’s most exciting new travel experiences: following the 2016 peace accord, tourism is rapidly reviving as a key economic driver. Moreover, with direct flights from the US to several Colombian cities, including the Caribbean hotspot of Cartagena, accessibility is straightforward.&nbsp; Ranked the world’s third most beautiful country by Forbes Magazine, the country has nature at its heart. By some estimates, Colombia houses a staggering 10% of the planet’s animal and plant species: pink river dolphins swim in the Amazon near Leticia, ocelots slip between the trees in vine-tangled rainforest and birdwatchers marvel at avian riches in the vast savannah of Los Llanos and various mountain ranges. In historic Bogotá, the capital, you can gaze in awe at the shimmering pre-Columbian treasures in the Museo de Oro that eluded the gold-greedy conquistadors, enjoy fine dining at one of the Americas’ best restaurants, and tour the city’s street art. Elsewhere, discover Mompós, a colonial backwater undergoing a renaissance with its traditional silver jewellery shops and international jazz festival, and explore the UNESCO Seaflower Biosphere Reserve in the San Andrés Archipelago, plus Providencia, the least developed and visited island in the entire Caribbean.&nbsp; Alternatively, why not go stargazing amid lunar landscapes in the Tatacoa Desert, cruise the Magdalena River from Cartagena to Barranquilla, watch humpback whales along the Pacific Coast, learn to wrangle cattle during the Coleo festival in Villavicencio, visit ancient rock paintings in unexplored Guaviare, try the traditional fermented tipple of the original Muisca people, admire the rainbow river of Caño Cristales or explore the untouched jungles of Chiribiquete National Park. New elements of this edition – updated by Latin American specialists who have worked on dozens of guidebooks – &nbsp;include coverage of Yopal, San José del Guaviare, Caqueta, Vichada, Guainia and Palomino. Whatever floats your boat, Bradt’s Colombia has you covered.

Colombia travel guide. Expert holiday and travel advice featuring Bogotá cuisine and accommodation, rainforest walks, national parks, culture, whalewatching and birdwatching. Also covers suggested itineraries, Amazon wildlife, archaeological sites, Cartagena, Medellín, Los Llanos, Leticia, San Andrés Archipelago, Vichada and Guaviare and Caqueta.

Colombia

Es innegable el valor que ha tomado la sociedad de la información y del conocimiento para el progreso de los países en temas de competitividad e innovación (Nonaka y Takeuchi, 1999; Donate y Gaudamillas, 2009); y se ha constituido en preocupación de investigadores, indagar el avance en la gestión del conocimiento y como ha afectado a la innovación.&#13;
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Según Fudenberg, Drew y Tirole (1995) las organizaciones innovan y generan nuevas tecnologías con el fin de generar ventajas competitivas. Para Lazonick &amp; Prencipe (2005) y Malaver y Vargas (2007) la innovación se establece como un proceso de aprendizaje, donde el rol del ser humano determina las capacidades innovadoras, lo que posteriormente se agrega a la dimensión social; y más recientemente De Jong, Chesbrough, Vanhaverbeke &amp; West (2008) así como otros estudiosos del tema, hablan de innovación abierta la cual consiste en unir tanto las ideas internas como externas en los sistemas de innovación con el fin de crear valor (Citado por Velásquez &amp; Salgado, 2018).&#13;
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El referente teórico de la gestión del conocimiento involucra dinámicas organizacionales, el liderazgo, el aprendizaje, las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (Stankosky, Calabrase y Baldanza, 1999), además de teorías de la organización que permiten entender el origen y desarrollo de este tema de vanguardia; comprendiendo que la gestión del conocimiento enmarca aquellas acciones y herramientas para dirigir un entorno el cual se convoca a contribuir, desarrollar, exteriorizar y fortalecer el conocimiento al interior de las organizaciones (Valero, López &amp; Pirela, 2017).

Sandra Cristina Riascos Erazo

Adriana Aguilera Castro

Madurez de la gestión del conocimiento y su relación con la innovación en Pymes de Colombia

Lady Carolina Bayona Estupiñan

Construyendo el buen vivir: un principio para el desarrollo integral de la reforma rural en Colombia

Harper Perennial Olive Editions

"One Hundred Years of Solitude is the first piece of literature since the Book of Genesis that should be required reading for the entire human race. . . . García Márquez has done nothing less than to create in the reader a sense of all that is profound, meaningful, and meaningless in life." —William Kennedy, National ObserverOne of the most influential literary works of our time, One Hundred Years of Solitude remains a dazzling and original achievement by the masterful Gabriel García Márquez, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. It's now available as a special Harper Perennial Olive Edition.The story of the village of Macondo, as seen through the lives of seven generations of the Buendía family, is told with Marquez’s trademark mastery of magical realism. The founders, José Arcadio Buendía and Úrsula Iguarán, establish the village while camping on a riverbank, after José dreams about a "city of mirrors" that would reflect the world. The people of the town - which is solitary and disconnected from the outside world, save for a band of nomads that visits every year - experience extraordinary events across generations, until they are finally unable to hide from the the newly independent government of Colombia.&nbsp;Alternately reverential and comical, One Hundred Years of Solitude weaves the political, personal and spiritual to bring a new consciousness to storytelling.&nbsp;The novel has been translated into dozens of languages, making it a classic of truly global proportions.Harper Perennial Olive Editions are exclusive small-format editions of some of our bestselling and celebrated titles, and feature unique hand-drawn cover illustrations. All Olive Editions are available for a limited time only.

"One Hundred Years of Solitude is the first piece of literature since the Book of Genesis that should be required reading for the entire human race. . . . García Márquez has done nothing less than to create in the reader a sense of all that is profound, meaningful, and meaningless in life." —William Kennedy, National ObserverOne of the most influential literary works of our time, One Hundred Years of Solitude remains a dazzling and original achievement by the masterful Gabriel García Márquez, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. It's now available as a special Harper Perennial Olive Edition.The story of the village of Macondo, as seen through the lives of seven generations of the Buendía family, is told with Marquez’s trademark mastery of magical realism. The founders, José Arcadio Buendía and Úrsula Iguarán, establish the village while camping on a riverbank, after José dreams about a "city of mirrors" that would reflect the world. The people of the town - which is solitary and disconnected from the outside world, save for a band of nomads that visits every year - experience extraordinary events across generations, until they are finally unable to hide from the the newly independent government of Colombia.&nbsp;Alternately reverential and comical, One Hundred Years of Solitude weaves the political, personal and spiritual to bring a new consciousness to storytelling.&nbsp;The novel has been translated into dozens of languages, making it a classic of truly global proportions.Harper Perennial Olive Editions are exclusive small-format editions of some of our bestselling and celebrated titles, and feature unique hand-drawn cover illustrations. All Olive Editions are available for a limited time only.

One Hundred Years of Solitude

La presente Constitución política de los Estados Unidos de Colombia de 1863 es más conocida como Constitución de Rionegro por haber sido promulgada en dicha localidad el 3 de febrero de 1863. Los Estados Unidos de Colombia fue una república federal que comprendía el territorio de las actuales repúblicas de Colombia y Panamá y parte de Brasil y Perú. Dicha república fue creada por políticos liberales radicales, basada en los modelos constitucionales europeos.
La Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos de Colombia, estuvo en vigor entre 1863 y 1886 cuando fue derogada. Organizó el nuevo país bajo un sistema político federalista y liberal que rigió las dos décadas conocidas como la era del Olimpo Radical.
Entre los delegados a la convención estuvieron Justo Arosemena, Julián Trujillo, José María Rojas Garrido, Domingo Diazgranados, Mamerto García, Antonio Mendoza, Camilo Antonio Echeverri, Juan C. Soto, Nicolás F. Villa, Ramón Santodomingo, Santos Gutiérrez, Santos Acosta, Ezequiel Hurtado, Francisco Javier Zaldúa, Juan A. Uricoechea, Manuel Ancízar, Salvador Camacho Roldán, Foción Soto, Felipe Zapata, Gabriel Vargas Santos, José Hilario López, Eustorgio Salgar y Clímaco Goméz B.

Constitución política de los Estados Unidos de Colombia de 1863

Introduces readers to the major rulings from around the world that centre on climate change as a core focus.

Introduces readers to the major rulings from around the world that centre on climate change as a core focus.

Tres modelos contemporáneos de agencia humana

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