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Law and Criminology (R0)

Stephen Dersley

Thought Collectives and Cultural Change

Applying Ludwik Fleck's Theory of Thought Collectives to the Study of Cultural Transformations

&lt;p&gt;1. Introduction.- 2. Fleck&amp;rsquo;s Theory in Context.- 3. Chapter 3: Fleck&amp;rsquo;s Thought &amp;ndash; Internal Positioning.- 4. Chapter 4: A Fleckian Framework for the Study of Cultural Change.- 5. Methodology and Supplementation.- 6.The Emergence of Philosophy as a Cultural Practice in Ancient Greece.- 7. The Transmission of Philosophy &amp;ndash; the Socratic caesura.- 8. Hegelian Bildung as a development of paideia.- 9. The Rise of the Philosophical Faculty in the German University.- 10. Philosophy, Censorship, and the Public Sphere.- 11. Conclusions.&lt;/p&gt;

For centuries, the Latin notarial system has evolved in response to society's growing demand for legal certainty. Yet the increasing complexity of economic relations calls for a new stage in that evolution: a notarial system capable not only of ensuring legal certainty but also of realizing its full institutional potential to promote economic efficiency in private legal relationships through enhanced governance, conflict prevention, and the preservation of the contractual rationale built throughout the notarial process, so that disputes, when unavoidable, may be resolved consistently with the parties' legitimate choices, interests, and objectives.
 
 This book argues that such evolution requires neither abandoning nor replacing the historical foundations of the Latin notariat, but reinterpreting them in light of contemporary economic challenges. It introduces the Law-and-Economics Notary as the central institutional figure of the Law-and-Economics Notarial Paradigm, a new theoretical framework explaining how the civil-law notarial system can meet growing demands for economic efficiency while preserving the principles that have historically defined its identity.
 
 The book demonstrates that the Law-and-Economics Notary represents a new understanding of the notarial function. Public faith is conceived not only as an instrument of documentary authentication but also as a mechanism of private governance capable of structuring incentives, reducing transaction costs, mitigating information asymmetries and behavioral biases, strengthening trust among economic actors, and fostering more efficient, predictable, and socially beneficial legal relationships.
 
 Developed independently through the integration of law, economics, and notarial practice, the Law-and-Economics Notarial Paradigm later proved to converge with the evolutionary direction reflected in the studies and institutional agenda of the International Union of Notaries. This independent convergence confirms its capacity to explain and operationalize institutional transformations already emerging across the modern civil-law notariat.
 
 By integrating law, economics, and contractual governance, this book offers a new understanding of the notarial function and a coherent paradigm for the evolution of the Latin notarial system. Rather than replacing its traditional foundations, it demonstrates how they can be reinterpreted and further developed, thereby contributing to legal certainty, economic efficiency, preventive justice, and, ultimately, to economic development.

A Paradigm Shift in the Latin Notarial System

The Law-and-Economics Notary

KI statt Bildung? Eine Kampfansage

Patent Litigation Practice in China

Das Herausgeberwerk eröffnet neue konzeptionelle Räume, die die pluralen und über Gründung und Transfer hinausgehenden Erscheinungsformen von Entrepreneurship Education innerhalb der Bildungslandschaft aufgreifen. Es zeigt, wie ein Umgang mit Entrepreneurship Education in bislang unerschlossenen Bildungsbereichen gelingen kann, und hinterfragt zugleich, welche Konsequenzen die damit verbundenen Kontextualisierungen für die Konturierung&nbsp;der Entrepreneurship Education zugrunde liegenden Phänomene und Logiken haben.&nbsp;Der Sammelband richtet sich damit an all diejenigen, die sich der Gestaltung von Entrepreneurship Education in Theorie und Praxis widmen und damit insbesondere an Forschende, Lehrende und Programmverantwortliche auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen des Bildungs- und Wissenschaftssystems.&nbsp;Die Herausgeberinnen und HerausgeberJan-Martin Geiger
 &nbsp;ist Juniorprofessor für Innovation und Transfer digitaler Lehre und zugleich Ankerprofessor am REACH – EUREGIO Start-up Center an der Universität Münster.&nbsp;
 Ilona Ebbers
 &nbsp;ist Professorin für Wirtschaftswissenschaften und ihre Didaktik an der Europa-Universität Flensburg.&nbsp;
 Jana Krüger
 &nbsp;ist Professorin für Ökonomie und ihre Didaktik an der Pädagogischen Hochschule Schwäbisch Gmünd.&nbsp;
 Dominik Bartsch
 &nbsp;ist Postdoktorand am Institut für Gründungs-, Innovations- und Transformationsforschung (IGIF) der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal.&nbsp;
 Brigitte Halbfas
 &nbsp;ist Professorin mit dem Themenschwerpunkt Entrepreneurship Education an der Bergischen Universität Wuppertal.&nbsp;
 Steffen Spitzner
 &nbsp;ist Akademischer Rat am Lehrstuhl für Wirtschaftsdidaktik der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Campus Essen.

Das Herausgeberwerk eröffnet neue konzeptionelle Räume, die die pluralen und über Gründung und Transfer hinausgehenden Erscheinungsformen von Entrepreneurship Education innerhalb der Bildungslandschaft aufgreifen. Es zeigt, wie ein Umgang mit Entrepreneurship Education in bislang unerschlossenen Bildungsbereichen gelingen kann, und hinterfragt zugleich, welche Konsequenzen die damit verbundenen Kontextualisierungen für die Konturierung&nbsp;der Entrepreneurship Education zugrunde liegenden Phänomene und Logiken haben. Der Sammelband richtet sich damit an all diejenigen, die sich der Gestaltung von Entrepreneurship Education in Theorie und Praxis widmen und damit insbesondere an Forschende, Lehrende und Programmverantwortliche auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen des Bildungs- und Wissenschaftssystems.&nbsp;

Plurale Erscheinungsformen und fächerverbindende Perspektiven in der Bildungslandschaft

Entrepreneurship Education III

Exploratio. Systematische Theologien der Gegenwart | Exploratio. Contemporary Systematic Theologies

Analytische Theologie und die Theologie von einfachen Gläubigen gelten häufig als unvereinbar: Eine formale Logik sei für Laien schwer verständlich, während eine narrative Logik analytische Rationalitätsstandards unterlaufe. Der vorliegende Band hinterfragt diese Vorurteile, indem er Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede zwischen den Ansätzen der analytischen Theologie und den Deutungen von Gläubigen ohne formale theologische Bildung untersucht. Die Analyse stützt sich einerseits auf eine Diskursanalyse relevanter soteriologischer Veröffentlichungen, andererseits auf Gruppendiskussionen von einfachen Gläubigen zur Bedeutung des Kreuzestodes Jesu. Die Ergebnisse der Studie eröffnen neue Perspektiven auf das Verhältnis zwischen systematischer und praktischer Theologie.

Analytische und laientheologische Deutungen des Kreuzestodes Jesu im Vergleich

Zwischen Logik und Narration

Dieses Buch wagt etwas, das für viele wie ein Widerspruch in sich klingt: das Thema Steuerrecht verständlich und unterhaltsam für einen breiteren Kreis zugänglich zu machen. Doch wie kommt man auf diese Idee?Beim Lesen der Harry Potter Bücher stellen sich einem viele Fragen. Typischerweise geht es darum, warum Dumbledore Snape vertraut hat oder wie die Dursleys ohne Boot wieder von der kleinen Insel gekommen sind. Wenn man in einem Haushalt mit einem Steuerberater und einer Finanzbeamtin lebt, dann werden andere Fragen diskutiert: Ist Gringotts ein Weg zur Steuerhinterziehung für muggelstämmige Hexen und Zauberer? Welche Steuern müssen die Weasley-Zwillinge zahlen? Diese und viele weitere Fragen werden in diesem Buch diskutiert.Dieses Buch vermittelt einen einfachen Überblick über das sonst doch (auf dass sich niemand angegriffen fühlt) eher trockene Steuerrecht. Und ein Grundverständnis dieses Rechtsbereichs ist etwas, ohne das nur die wenigsten von uns leben können. Solange unsere Steuererklärungen noch nicht auf einen Bierdeckel passen, gehört das Steuerrecht zu den komplexeren Rechtsgebieten und die jährlich anstehende Steuererklärung ist das, wovor sich viele am meisten fürchten. Teils sogar noch mehr als vor riesigen Spinnen. Die Erwartung ist nicht, dass alle durch dieses Buch eine Begeisterung für das Steuerrecht entwickeln. Vielmehr hat es sich dieses Buch zum Ziel gesetzt, eine einfach zugängliche und humorvolle Einführung in das Thema zu bieten. Außerdem ist dieses Buch natürlich für Steuerberater:innen und Finanzbeamt:innen. Ihnen soll das Buch dabei helfen, während des Unterrichts und in der beruflichen Praxis ein wenig mehr Spaß zu haben. Voraussetzung hierfür ist natürlich, dass man sich neben Steuern auch für die Welt von Harry Potter interessiert.

Eine einfache Erklärung der Grundlagen des deutschen Steuerrechts

Vom Steuerrecht und Harry Potter

Law and Philosophy Library

International law operates under persistent normative fragmentation: specialised regimes have produced a decentralised body of norms prone to conflict. For many international lawyers, however, the debate now appears settled, buried by the International Law Commission’s work on systemic integration and the turn to regime interaction and normative pluralism. But the ghosts of fragmentation are revenants: they return precisely when the matter is believed to be settled. The triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution has made the haunting plain, revealing that the fractures once discussed as technical problems of consistency are symptoms of a deeper condition: a world whose ecological, legal, and political orders do not align. This book investigates how consistency is possible within a fragmented order.Rather than surveying the responses of international legal scholarship, the book offers a rational reconstruction of the concept of consistency in international law, making explicit the implicit logical structures through which legal actors reason. The book distinguishes facts, norms, and reasons as the building blocks of legal argumentation and shows how legal actors can derive statement-consistent conclusions even where the underlying norm-set is itself norm-inconsistent.International law, on this account, sustains itself not by eliminating inconsistency but by reasoning through it. Conflict avoidance operates upstream through meta-norms that affect validity and the conditions of applicability; where it fails, priority reasoning and reason-based argumentation determine which norm applies. The consistency achieved is local, provisional, and plural, but it is genuine, disciplined by constraints and accountable to the requirement of justification. The framework does not prescribe which priorities legal actors should adopt but it clarifies the grammar of the practice that instead makes these determinations. The book argues, however, that incorporating planetary boundaries as legal constraints would narrow the space of admissible outcomes in ways decisive for the planetary crisis.

International Law under the Planetary Crisis

Ordering the Fragments

A collection of eye-opening natural experiments, showing how economists uncover cause-and-effect relationships and reveal insights about our world. Does having a daughter change how a congressperson votes? How did a nineteenth-century doctor help discover germs? Is it better to go first or second in a penalty shootout? Why don’t diplomats pay their parking tickets? Do leaders really matter? These are all questions economists ask. Some of these questions are serious, others less consequential. But all are interesting—and can be answered by way of the natural experiment. A natural experiment is an event in the real world that neatly divides people into a treatment group and a control group—and it is one of the greatest tools in the economist’s toolkit. In Daughters, Diplomats, and Death, Patrick Gourley discusses why and how economists have leveraged this powerful method to answer questions that were long thought unanswerable. In the vein of Freakonomics, Nudge, and The Tipping Point, the book takes the reader on a lively and engaging tour of some of the most fascinating natural experiments, explaining how they work, how they help social scientists answer questions, and what conclusions they reached. The experiments illuminate a wide range of timely issues in health, education, reproductive issues, and the environment, lending rich and much-needed nuance to the complex debates that shape today’s headlines.

A collection of eye-opening natural experiments, showing how economists uncover cause-and-effect relationships and reveal insights about our world. Does having a daughter change how a congressperson votes? How did a nineteenth-century doctor help discover germs? Is it better to go first or second in a penalty shootout? Why don’t diplomats pay their parking tickets? Do leaders really matter? These are all questions economists ask. Some of these questions are serious, others less consequential. But all are interesting—and can be answered by way of the natural experiment. A natural experiment is an event in the real world that neatly divides people into a treatment and control group—and it is one of the greatest tools in the economist’s toolkit. In Daughters, Diplomats, and Death, Patrick Gourley discusses why and how economists have leveraged this powerful method to answer questions that were long thought unanswerable. In the vein of Freakonomics, Nudge, and The Tipping Point, the book takes the reader on a lively and engaging tour of some of the most fascinating natural experiments, explaining how they work, how they help social scientists answer questions, and what conclusions they reached. The experiments illuminate a wide range of timely issues in health, education, reproductive issues, and the environment, lending rich and much-needed nuance to the complex debates that shape today’s headlines.

How Economists Use Natural Experiments to Decipher Our World

Daughters, Diplomats, and Death

This book offers an original and interdisciplinary critique of determinism in science, evolution, religion, and legal thought, arguing that chance, contingency, and facticity cannot be reduced to causal necessity, probability, or unknown scientific laws. Moving across philosophy of law, legal theory, philosophy of science, evolutionary theory, eugenics, religion, normativism, and rhetoric, this book examines how modern knowledge systems have repeatedly attempted to deny or control chance through scientific laws, religious belief, evolutionary narratives, and legal norms. It challenges the ambition to transform the humanities into predictive sciences and questions reductionist accounts of human behavior, social order, and legal interpretation. At its core, this book rethinks law not as a closed system of norms governed by a single correct interpretation, but as a rhetorical and social system for treating endogenous conflicts within legal communities. By analyzing determinism, causality, the limits of science, the risks of pre-eugenic reasoning, human exceptionalism, decolonial continuity, customary law, legal norms, precedents, and judicial decision-making, this book develops a distinctive contribution to philosophy of law and legal epistemology. It will be of particular value to scholars and students in jurisprudence, legal theory, philosophy of law, law and humanities, philosophy of science, and interdisciplinary legal studies seeking a rigorous account of how chance and rhetoric shape law, society, and human affairs.

Law and Chance

Focusing on legal science and its application, this book comprehensively examines the knowledge system, methodology, and values of judgment formation from theoretical jurisprudence to practical application. Tracing the development of legal science, the book analyzes the core connotations of legal rationality, emphasizing the certainty, scientific nature, and ethical aspects of judgments. Through a profound analysis of legal rationality, evidentiary methods, and judicial procedures in the context of adjudication, the book demonstrates how to achieve "good law and good governance" in judicial practice, providing theoretical guidance and practical direction for legal professionals.

Formation of Adjudication: Legal Science as Knowledge, Methodology and Value, and Its Application

This book systematically examines the theoretical construction and practical applications of Legalist thought in state governance of ancient China. Centered on the three core theoretical pillars of "Law (Fa), Statecraft/Tactics (Shu), and Authority/Power (Shi)," it conducts an in-depth analysis of the unique insights of Legalist doctrine on legal systems, governance methods, and the operation of power through interpretations of classical works such as The Book of Lord Shang and Han Feizi. In exploring governance practices, this book focuses on the political reforms implemented by various states during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. It elaborates on the establishment of a centralized state structure and evaluates the effectiveness of specific governance mechanisms, including the prefecture-county system, household registration, and collective responsibility system. These institutional innovations not only laid the groundwork for the Qin dynasty's unification of the six states but also provided the foundational framework for China's state governance model over the following two millennia.

The Wisdom of State Governance in Ancient China

Legalist Philosophy

A challenge to incentivization as a dominant framework for understanding and governing people From corporate management and consumer behavior to public health and climate policy, incentives are widely treated as a neutral and effective way to shape how people act. In this book, Guus Dix shows that incentives are not simple policy nudges; they lull us into a passive understanding of ourselves as being merely responsive to changes others make to our environment. They foster a politics of incremental tweaks to a socially and ecologically destructive economic system that we are expected to accept without question. Dix argues that it is time to challenge the reign of incentives in contemporary science and public life. Dix traces the evolution of the incentive, from the engineering of performance charts and rewards for factory workers to combating gridlock at Britain’s National Health Service. He describes the function of incentives under socialism, theories of adjustment incentives developed at the Harvard Business School to manage employees, and incentivizing whole economies—both socialist and capitalist. He shows that incentivization is a distinct way of wielding power. Incentives have become part of a quasi-universal governing philosophy that keeps us from addressing such major issues as poverty and the climate crisis. Finally, Dix analyzes the limits of incentivization, arguing that being governed by incentives keeps us from considering government policies that have the potential to bring about meaningful and transformative change.

A Critical History of a Powerful Idea

Incentives

Thought Collectives and Cultural Change

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