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Hudepohl H: Second Self

Second Self

Connexive logic is a rather new branch of modern logic, based on the idea that no proposition ever implies its own negation. This idea goes back to Aristotle, who put forward the thesis that one and the same consequent cannot be "necessitated" by the same antecedent affirmed and denied. Many medieval logicians discovered, however, that the connexive theses fail to hold in certain cases, namely when the antecedent is impossible, or when the consequent is necessary.
This book scrutinizes the theories of various medieval logicians such as Boethius, Abelard, Kilwardby, Burley, Buridan, Paul of Venice, Albert of Saxony, and the Pseudo-Scot, who endorsed a conception of conditionals as strict implications. This conception validates the "humble" version of the connexive principles, but invalidates their "hardcore" versions according to which, e.g., even the tautological disjunction 'p or not-p' is not implied by its own negation, i.e., by the self-contradictory conjunction 'p and not-p'.

Connexive Logic in the Middle Ages

Leonardo da Vinci war kein gläubiger Christ. Er schrieb um 1500: 'Seele und Leben sind unglaubwürdige Dinge... Gegen das Wesen Gottes und der Seele sträuben sich die Sinne'. Die Seele ist bei Leonardo eine visuell dominante Wahrnehmungsseele, eng verbunden mit dem Gemeinsinn, dem sensus communis, und mit der mittelalterlichen Lehre von den Hirnkammern. Sein Konzept geht von physiologischen Funktionen der Seele aus und verzichtet auf jegliche Metaphysik. Für seine eigene Seele lässt Leonardo die Frage nach ihrem Wesen (che cosa è anima? ) unbeantwortet. Erstmals befasst sich eine Monographie mit Leonardos Konzept der Seele. In klarer und ansprechender Sprache geschrieben, mit zahlreichen Abbildungen, einer ausführlichen Bibliographie und einem Personen- und Sachregister versehen, bereichert das vorliegende Buch die Leonardo-Forschung um substantielle neue Erkenntnisse.

Anatomie und Physiologie der Seele bei Leonardo da Vinci

Who is Theophrastus, and why should we care? Once, he was the equal of Plato and Aristotle. Together he and Aristotle invented science. Alone he invented Botany. The character of the Wife of Bath is his invention, the Canterbury Tales as a whole, perhaps, the product of his inspiration. When Linnaeus was developing our modern system of plant taxonomy, it was Theophrastus' work on plants that he used as a basis. So how could one man do so much and still sink almost without a trace? This is the story of a journey to find him and bring him back from oblivion. Looking for Theophrastus, in all the places he must have walked and lived, it tells how he and Aristotle, his friend and tutor, broke with the philosophical conventions of the Academy and left on their own adventure; of how together they invented what we now take for granted as the Natural Sciences; how, not content with that, they made the great experiment of applying philosophy directly to the practicalities of government through the tutoring of Alexander the Great; how they were disappointed and how, in the end, they returned to Athens and founded the famous Lyceum. Against the dramatic context of his time - the end of democracy in Athens and the rise of Alexander the Great; the great battles and vast territorial expansion that followed; the flowering of the philosophy schools on which so much of our culture and thinking is founded - and on, following his cultural legacy through to the modern day, it explores how we perceive, understand and, most importantly, how we relate to the world around us, questioning what we lose from our way of living when we forget those ancients who first taught us how to see.

Travels in Search of a Lost Philosopher

Looking for Theophrastus

The Untold Story of Muscle in Our Lives

Stronger

"Unearthing the ancient world's anarchist cultures, Zeichmann presents a compelling argument that authority may itself have always been the real aberration. Highly recommended"&nbsp;Alan Moore, writer, activist, performer

"An inspirational masterpiece ... Will transform the way you think about history, and the possibilities for human liberty"&nbsp;William Arnal, Professor, University of Regina

"Wonderfully informative and a pleasure to read"&nbsp;Uri Gordon, editor, Freedom

When you think of Ancient Greece and Rome, what do you imagine? The Acropolis and the Colosseum? Perhaps the philosophy of Plato and Aristotle, and the rule of the Caesars? This well-trodden history of great thinkers, military leaders, and early state formation in the classical world enthralls us still, but it tells only half the story...&nbsp;

Radical Antiquity takes you on a journey in search of anarchy, statelessness, and social experimentation in the Graeco-Roman world. Sweeping across the Mediterranean from the time of the first Olympic Games until the emergence of Islam, Christopher B. Zeichmann tells the stories of escaped slaves, pirates, and religious sects-all of whom sought a more egalitarian way of life. This history from below brings the experiences of common and marginal people out of obscurity, and radically expands our understanding of social and political life in the classical world.

Christoper B. Zeichmann teaches history and religious studies at Toronto Metropolitan University. He is the author of The Roman Army and the New Testament and Queer Readings of the Centurion at Capernaum.

Free Love Zoroastrians, Farming Pirates, and Ancient Uprisings

Radical Antiquity

What are we to make of statements that jaguars see themselves as humans, or of doubts about the boundary between dreams and waking? Jointly authored by an anthropologist and a philosopher, this book investigates some of the most puzzling ideas and practices reported in modern ethnography and ancient philosophy, concerning humans, animals, persons, spirits, agency, selfhood, consciousness, nature, life, death, disease and health. The study's twin aims are first to explore the possibility of achieving a better understanding of the materials we discuss and then to see what lessons we can draw from them to challenge and revise our own fundamental assumptions.

Metalogues on Issues in Anthropology and Philosophy

Of Jaguars and Butterflies

intro: Philosophie

Eine neutrale Einführung in die Tugendethik - dem ältesten ethischen Ansatz in der Philosophiegeschichte, der auf Aristoteles und Platon zurückgeht, aber seit der Aufklärung an Bedeutung verlor. Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts erlebte die Tugendethik eine Renaissance und gilt heutzutage, neben dem Konsequentialismus und der Deontologie, als eines der drei großen Paradigmen der normativen Ethik. Die Rolle der Tugend im Sinne der Vortrefflichkeit des Charakters und des Verstandes lässt sich dabei von verschiedenen (meta-)ethischen Positionen aus begründen. Die vorliegende Einführung führt im Rahmen einer neuen Systematik in die Vielzahl der tugendethischen Ansätze ein - verständlich, übersichtlich und mit einem Fokus auf moderne Ansätze.

Einführung

Tugendethik

Professor Angie Hobbs proves in this persuasive and intelligent book that Plato is more relevant than ever. Does Plato matter? An ancient philosopher whose work inspired and informed countless thinkers and poets across the centuries, his ideas are no longer taught so widely as they once were. But, as Angie Hobbs argues in this clear-sighted book, that is a mistake. If we want to understand the world we live in - from AI to politics, cancel culture and beauty - there is no place better to start than with Plato. Exploring the intersection between the ancient and the modern, Professor Hobbs examines women's rights, healthcare, happiness, elitism, death, love and reality using Plato's wisdom. She also shows us how we can use the Socratic method that Plato taught to better understand his own philosophy, and how it relates to our lives today. All of Plato's major works and ideas are explained with clarity suitable for readers familiar with his work as well as those approaching Plato for the first time. This book shows us why Plato matters, now more than ever.

Why Plato Matters Now

Show yourself who's in charge using the original art of persuasion, backed by contemporary pop culture examples that make transforming your habits and achieving goals easy, even fun-from the New York Times bestselling author of Thank You for Arguing Rhetoric once sat at the centre of elite education. Alexander the Great, Shakespeare and Martin Luther King, Jr. used it to build empires, write deathless literature and inspire democracies. Here, Heinrichs shows us how these persuasive tools, honed over more than three thousand years of use persuading others, can be turned on our most difficult audiences - ourselves. Using techniques invented by the likes of Aristotle and Cicero and deployed by some of history's most persuasive characters, we see how rhetoric can convert the gloomiest of situations into positive ones. Illustrated with examples from history and pop culture - Winston Churchill, Iron Man, Dolly Parton, and the woman who serendipitously invented the chocolate chip cookie - Aristotle's Guide to Self-Persuasion tests the tools of self-persuasion and asks: Can the same techniques that seduce lovers, sell diet books and overturn governments help us achieve our most desired goals? Filled with entertaining and scientific studies that showcase the life-changing power of language, Aristotle's Guide to Self-Persuasion will teach you how to be the most successful person you can be, just by talking to yourself.

How Ancient Rhetoric Can Help You Change Your Life

Aristotle's Guide to Self-Persuasion

A renowned Buddhist teacher turns to two of the most influential figures in history for guidance on how to face the ethical challenges of our time"[Batchelor] draws on a different tradition of doubt-Socratic questioning-and explores the wisdom that Buddhist and Hellenistic philosophy might offer us today."-Ezra Klein, The Ezra Klein Show &nbsp; The Buddha's revolutionary teachings transformed Asia, and his contemporary Socrates laid the foundations of Western philosophy. Although they never met, Socrates and the Buddha each addressed in a radically new and surprisingly similar way the core questions of how to lead a good, just, and dignified life amid turbulence and violence. Common to their teachings was an ethics of uncertainty: both refused to make truth claims about the ultimate nature of reality, insisting on the primacy of critical self¿evaluation as the basis of an ethical life. &nbsp; In this illuminating book, best-selling author Stephen Batchelor explores the philosophical, social, and political worlds of the Buddha and Socrates, showing how their teachings continue to provide lessons in how to lead a flourishing and engaged life. Keenly aware of the fickle and conflicted nature of the human mind, Gotama and Socrates inspired their followers to act with humility and courage, risk and resolve, doubt and confidence. Drawing on their insights, and those of their followers, Batchelor uncovers a middle way between Buddhist dharma and Greek philosophy that can serve as a starting point for a "secular faith" that addresses the most pressing spiritual and planetary issues of our age.

Ethical Living in Uncertain Times

Buddha, Socrates, and Us

Show yourself who's in charge using the original art of persuasion, backed by contemporary pop culture examples that make transforming your habits and achieving goals easy, even fun—from the New York Times bestselling author of Thank You for Arguing Rhetoric once sat at the center of elite education.&nbsp;Alexander the Great, Shakespeare, and Martin Luther King, Jr., used it to build empires, write deathless literature, and inspire democracies. Now it will help you to take leadership over yourself; not through pop psychology or empty inspiration, but with persuasive tools that have been tested for more than three thousand years. In Aristotle's Guide to Self-Persuasion, Heinrichs helps readers persuade their most difficult audiences—themselves—by using&nbsp;techniques invented by the likes of Aristotle and Cicero and deployed by our culture’s most persuasive characters. With their help, rhetoric can convert the most negative situations into positive ones.&nbsp; Heinrichs brings in examples from history and pop culture—Winston Churchill, Iron Man, Dolly Parton, and the woman who serendipitously invented the chocolate chip cookie—to illustrate the concepts. But the core of the book tests the tools of self-persuasion and asks: Can the same techniques that seduce lovers, sell diet books, and overturn governments help us achieve our most desired goals? Filled with entertaining and scienctific studies that showcase the power of what language can do for you, Aristotle's Guide to Self-Persuasion will teach you how to be the most successful person you can be, just by talking to yourself.

How Ancient Rhetoric, Taylor Swift, and Your Own Soul Can Help You Change Your Life

In a novel application of the work of neo-Aristotelian virtue ethics to the philosophy of business, Robert CB Miller argues that free-market capitalism requires virtues to mitigate its flaws and to enhance its strengths. Ethics in a Capitalist Economy begins with an outline of modern virtue ethics, deriving from Aristotle and Aquinas and reinvigorated in the 20th century by writers including Elizabeth Anscombe and Philippa Foot. Taking up the idea that human nature determines the virtues, Miller sets out three types of virtue specific to economic activity: contractual, behavioural and entrepreneurial. With reference to major historical and contemporary thinkers including Adam Smith, John Locke, David Hume, Alasdair MacIntyre, Mary Midgeley and Steven Pinker, the book shows the flaws in the market economy and the ways in which these flaws can be mitigated by the application of particular virtues in order to encourage human flourishing. The book includes three case studies investigating the practice (or absence) of virtues in real world situations: on the career of Warren Buffett, on insights from behavioural economics and on the philanthropic efforts of business leaders. This book combines practical considerations with a detailed and accessible reading of the theory of virtue ethics and its relation to human nature in political economy.

Why Markets Need Virtues

Ethics in a Capitalist Economy

Second Self

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