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Economics and Finance (R0)

Vernon L. Smith

Adam Smith's Theory of Society

Social Rules for Order in Society and Economy

&lt;p&gt;- Forthcoming.- Forthcoming.&lt;/p&gt;


The New Battle for Global Wealth and Power

All the Money in the World

A challenge to incentivization as a dominant framework for understanding and governing people From corporate management and consumer behavior to public health and climate policy, incentives are widely treated as a neutral and effective way to shape how people act. In this book, Guus Dix shows that incentives are not simple policy nudges; they lull us into a passive understanding of ourselves as being merely responsive to changes others make to our environment. They foster a politics of incremental tweaks to a socially and ecologically destructive economic system that we are expected to accept without question. Dix argues that it is time to challenge the reign of incentives in contemporary science and public life. Dix traces the evolution of the incentive, from the engineering of performance charts and rewards for factory workers to combating gridlock at Britain’s National Health Service. He describes the function of incentives under socialism, theories of adjustment incentives developed at the Harvard Business School to manage employees, and incentivizing whole economies—both socialist and capitalist. He shows that incentivization is a distinct way of wielding power. Incentives have become part of a quasi-universal governing philosophy that keeps us from addressing such major issues as poverty and the climate crisis. Finally, Dix analyzes the limits of incentivization, arguing that being governed by incentives keeps us from considering government policies that have the potential to bring about meaningful and transformative change.

A Critical History of a Powerful Idea

Incentives

'Michael Auerbach has one of the most original minds I've ever encountered . . . This is a dazzling and entertaining book . . . But it is also an urgent warning' PATRICK RADDEN KEEFE, author of Empire of Pain A brilliant exploration of the phenomenon of prediction markets that asks: what happens when democracy becomes another commodity? Prediction markets are sweeping the world, fundamentally changing the nature of gambling - and the very ways in which we attempt to divine the future. Posed as binary 'Yes/No' questions about future events, prediction markets allow any difference of opinion - whether on pop culture or politics, wars or assassinations - to be financialised. A regulatory minefield with moral implications that divide nations, governments and bettors, they have proved as effective at accurately predicting the timing of missile strikes as they have at calling the outcomes of elections.But are these markets really a new phenomenon? And what does it mean when those tasked with safeguarding democracy hold financial stakes in its volatility?From Renaissance Rome, where merchants wagered on papal conclaves, through nineteenth-century London's wartime coffee house gossip, to the Pentagon's ill-fated terrorism futures exchange and blockchain-based betting on Polymarket today, The Big Bet tells the gripping five-hundred-year story of a permissive regime that no one designed and no one voted for.Drawing on deep expertise, Michael Auerbach examines how these markets are changing our world, and what they mean for the future where democracy becomes just another commodity to be priced and traded. Because prediction markets are not an anomaly - they are the logical endpoint of a society that has applied market capitalism to every aspect of life. And in a world where everything is a wager and nothing is off limits, knowing where the chips will fall matters more than ever.

Prediction Markets and the Future of Democracy

The Big Bet

Merchants, Markets and Wealth in the Early Modern Atlantic World

The Age of Commerce

The New Rules of Wealth, Work and Power

All Swans Are Black

Markets and Governments in Economic History

A History of the American Mortgage Market

House Money

Routledge Frontiers of Political Economy

The Political Economy of Financial Capitalism

Marx and Financialisation

This Palgrave Pivot offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the concept of slavery in the Bible. Taking an interdisciplinary perspective, it interweaves historical semantics with an analysis of language to argue that slavery as it is primarily understood today – as a legal institution which reduced individuals involuntarily to the status of property - was not legitimized by biblical doctrine.
 The book presents a concise, accessible argument, focused around the translation of the Bible into English and the use of the language of slavery. The term ‘slavery’, emerging in the sixteenth century, was at first used to identify a condition of dishonour, as well as a system of forced labour, and it was only in the seventeenth century that it came to be equated with the Roman institution of 
 servitus
 , and in the eighteenth with the ownership of people as property. As a result, and uniquely among studies of slavery in the Bible, this book does not seek to engage in debates about whether or not the Bible supported slavery, claiming the premise itself is mistaken. The idea that slavery was an ancient legal institution that reduced individuals involuntarily to the status of property is a product of modernity.
 This book has far-reaching implications for a range of disciplines including economic and legal history and biblical scholarship as well as slavery studies.Judith M. Spicksley 
 is an economic and social historian with an interest in language. She worked in the Department of Economics at the University of York and in the Wilberforce Institute at the University of Hull. She has written about the lending activities of never-married women in early modern England, and the role of debt in the transatlantic slave trade. She is currently preparing a long overview of ownership for publication,&nbsp;
 Owning People: Survival, Life Debt and Slavery from the Ancient World to the Enlightenment.&nbsp;

This Palgrave Pivot offers a groundbreaking reassessment of the concept of slavery in the Bible. Taking an interdisciplinary perspective, it interweaves historical semantics with an analysis of language to argue that slavery as it is primarily understood today – as a legal institution which reduced individuals involuntarily to the status of property - was not legitimized by biblical doctrine.
 The book presents a concise, accessible argument, focused around the translation of the Bible into English and the use of the language of slavery. The term ‘slavery’, emerging in the sixteenth century, was at first used to identify a condition of dishonour, as well as a system of forced labour, and it was only in the seventeenth century that it came to be equated with the Roman institution of 
 servitus
 , and in the eighteenth with the ownership of people as property. As a result, and uniquely among studies of slavery in the Bible, this book does not seek to engage in debates about whether or not the Bible supported slavery, claiming the premise itself is mistaken. The idea that slavery was an ancient legal institution that reduced individuals involuntarily to the status of property is a product of modernity.
 This book has far-reaching implications for a range of disciplines including economic and legal history and biblical scholarship as well as slavery studies.

Recovering the Socio-legal Basis of Ownership

Slavery in the English Bible

The Business of Freedom tells the story of Black enterprise through the lives of the people who built it. Some, like Booker T. Washington and Madam C. J. Walker, are familiar figures in the history of Black business. But many are lesser-known strivers whose ambitions briefly illuminated the possibilities of the age. From the hopeful dawn of emancipation to the bustle of Harlem, award-winning historian Shennette Garrett-Scott follows Black entrepreneurs who carved opportunity out of exclusion to build banks, grocery stores, cotton mills, and real estate empires. Their successes were real, but so were the limits imposed by segregation, unequal access to capital, and the violence that shadowed Black prosperity. The Business of Freedom reveals Black capitalism as a strategy for both individual and collective empowerment-and shows why free enterprise alone could never deliver the freedom its champions promised.

The Golden Age of Black Capitalism

The Business of Freedom

A revelatory financial history showing that today's massive Islamic finance industry was preceded by decades of Muslim interest banking across Eurasia and Africa. Since the 1970s, the now multi-trillion-dollar Islamic finance industry has offered interest-free banking to Muslims around the world. Its proponents maintain that Islamic law strictly forbids all forms of financial interest. Many academic accounts echo this perspective, assuming that before the 1970s, Muslims either avoided interest banking out of deep-seated religious hostility or practiced it in defiance of religious stricture. Yet as Michael O'Sullivan argues, these narratives overlook rich traditions of Muslim interest banking that preceded Islamic finance. In the early twentieth century, the first modern Muslim-owned interest banks appeared across Eurasia and Africa-from India to the Ottoman Empire, Tsarist Russia, Habsburg Bosnia, Tunisia, Egypt, Iran, Palestine, and Indonesia. Viewed as a solution to Muslim economic distress, these banks intensified debates among Muslims about both the Islamic legal tradition and acceptable economic practices. While interest banks raised suspicions among some Islamic legal scholars, others explicitly defended their legality and encouraged Muslim entrepreneurs. Ultimately, O'Sullivan shows that the Islamic finance industry's commitment to interest-free banking was a product of contingency as much as principle. It was a combination of bank failures, high rates of indebtedness, and changing religious interpretations that eventually led many Muslims to reject interest banking and demand a replacement more commensurate with an "Islamic economy." Even so, the religious debates inaugurated by the first Muslim interest banks persist to this day. A vibrant portrait of economic life in the so-called peripheries of capital, The Borrower's Refuge is a major contribution to the global history of finance.

Muslim Interest Banking Before Islamic Finance

The Borrower’s Refuge

Critical and Post-Keynesian Perspectives

A History of Modern Macroeconomics

Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance

This volume explores the economic and financial contexts behind a period of large-scale bankruptcies in Europe across the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. With a particular focus on Spanish and Italian case studies, contributions analyse numerous aspects of failure and insolvency during this time.Despite growing contemporary interest in economic crises—particularly in the aftermath of 2008—the history of bankruptcy practices and the responsibilities of financial actors within the context of early globalisation remains largely underexplored. This volume responds to that need, offering a detailed, archivally grounded and theoretically robust investigation into parallels that exist in early modern Europe. Drawing out comparative analyses between modern and early modern financial crises, the book illuminates how early modern states developed systems of guarantees in tandem with the growth of mercantile capitalism, and covers questions including public debt management, financial transparency, the accountability of economic actors, and the relationship between political and economic power. This book will be a fascinating read for scholars of early modern financial and economic history.Giuseppe De Luca
 is Professor of Economic History at the University of Milan and holds a PhD in Economic and Social History from the Bocconi University. He is Honorary Professor at The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, and Associate to the National Research Council of Italy, Institute of History of Mediterranean Europe (ISEM). He is also currently a temporary lecturer in Economics on the Strategic Management MsC at LUISS, Rome.
 Ángel Alloza Aparicio 
 is Senior Researcher at the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC), where he holds the position of Científico Titular at the Institute of History, within the Center for Humanities and Social Sciences (Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CCHS) in Madrid.

This volume explores the economic and financial contexts behind a period of large-scale bankruptcies in Europe across the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. With a particular focus on Spanish and Italian case studies, contributions analyse numerous aspects of failure and insolvency during this time.Despite growing contemporary interest in economic crises—particularly in the aftermath of 2008—the history of bankruptcy practices and the responsibilities of financial actors within the context of early globalisation remains largely underexplored. This volume responds to that need, offering a detailed, archivally grounded and theoretically robust investigation into parallels that exist in early modern Europe. Drawing out comparative analyses between modern and early modern financial crises, the book illuminates how early modern states developed systems of guarantees in tandem with the growth of mercantile capitalism, and covers questions including public debt management, financial transparency, the accountability of economic actors, and the relationship between political and economic power. This book will be a fascinating read for scholars of early modern financial and economic history.

Bankruptcies, Defaults and Insolvency Proceedings in Spain and Italy, 16th – 17th Centuries

Adam Smith's Theory of Society

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