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Political Science and International Studies (R0)

Motomichi Igarashi

War and Data on Armed Conflicts

Global Networks Examining Casualties

&lt;p&gt;Preface.- Introduction: Doubting Expert Opinions.- International Standardization of Combatant Protection.- Evolution of Civilian Protection Norms.- Emergence of Conflict Witnesses.- Counting the Dead: War and Statistics.- Unearthing the Bodies: War and Forensic Science.- Chasing Chemical Weapons: War and Chemistry.- Conclusion: Is It Possible to Know the True Face of War?.&lt;/p&gt;


Risk, Governance and Society

This book examines fair citizen participation as a key element of effective policy support. Over the past two decades, many countries have embraced more reflective and inclusive governance in environmental policymaking. 


This book demonstrates how democratic and deliberative approaches yield better policy outcomes than technocratic methods that only superficially engage the public. Reflective governance highlights the importance of deliberative democracy, offering fair and open discourse opportunities for all stakeholders. Throughout the chapters, some of the most renowned authors in the field present the principal mechanisms for public engagement in deliberative decision-making.


By exploring innovative formats like stakeholder round tables and citizen assemblies, this book provides practical guidance on their unique merits and limitations. It addresses scholars, practitioners, and representatives of administrations, public and private institutions, and NGOs interested in a better understanding of the selection and design of the most effective formats for competent and fair policymaking, ensuring each format meets its full potential.

A Critical Review of Formats for Deliberative Policymaking

Fairness and Competence in Citizen Participation

WIFIS-aktuell

This booklet critically revisits the rationale and performance of UN peace operations regarding the use of coercive force for stabilization purposes in dealing with armed non-state actors. Haiti is selected as an extreme case study to examine this paradox, given the long track record of UN peace operations in the country, their current challenges and future prospects for effectively dealing with the urban criminal gangs operating in Port-au-Prince, which are keeping the country on the brink of state collapse.

The Case of Haiti

United Nations Peace Operations Revisited

Outlines the urgent response needed to address privatization, which has led to dramatic but largely overlooked consequences for human rights.

Governments around the world are privatizing everything, with dramatic but largely ignored negative consequences for human rights. This open access book outlines the response that is urgently needed.

Destroying the Social Contract and Empowering Corporate Actors

Privatizing Human Rights

Across the globe, the number of protracted armed conflicts is rising, with many societies enduring the consequences of violence and conflict-related socio-economic disruption for decades. These enduring conflicts present complex and evolving challenges—legal, (geo)political, institutional, humanitarian, developmental, and environmental—that demand new approaches. In response, policy frameworks increasingly advocate for the so-called Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus (the 'Triple Nexus'), which seeks to bridge traditionally siloed agendas in favour of a more integrated response to protracted conflict. Yet, despite growing policy interest, the legal dimensions of protracted conflict and the implications of the Triple Nexus remain under-explored in international law. From Protracted Conflict to Sustainable Peace? offers the first comprehensive legal and interdisciplinary examination of how international law engages with the realities of protracted conflict. Drawing on a wide range of legal fields—including international humanitarian law, development law, economic law, refugee law, human rights law, criminal law, and peacebuilding law—contributors explore how legal regimes interact, overlap, and at times conflict in these complex settings. Through a conceptual framework and a series of thematic chapters, the volume addresses the lived impacts of protracted conflict, the role of international institutions and the challenges they face, and the potential of legal frameworks to respond to long-term crises. It provides scholars and practitioners with a vital resource for rethinking legal strategies in the face of enduring violence and for imagining pathways toward sustainable peace. This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is free to read on Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

The Humanitarian-Development-Peace Nexus and International Law

From Protracted Conflict to Sustainable Peace?

From the rise of China as a technological superpower, to wars on its eastern borders, to the belief that the US is no longer a reliable ally, the European Commission sees the world as more unstable than at any other time in recent history. As such, the Commission has become the Geopolitical Commission, working to serve the interests of the Geopolitical Union. Central to many of these conflicts is technology - who produces it, where it is produced, and who controls it. These questions are central to the Commission's pursuit of digital/technological sovereignty, Europe's attempt to regain control of technology regulation. Focusing on topics such as setting technological standards, ensuring access to microchips, reining in online platforms, and securing rules for industrial data and AI, this book explores the EU's approach to lawmaking in this field; increased regulatory oversight and promotion of industrial policy at home, while exporting its rules abroad.

Europe's Attempt to Take Back Control of Technology Regulation

Geopolitical Union

Elements of International Law

Most armed conflicts today are non-international. These are conflicts in which one or more organized non-State armed groups (NSAG) are fighting either between themselves or against State armed forces. The International Law of Non-International Armed Conflict offers a clear and practical analysis of the application of international humanitarian law (IHL) and international human rights law (IHRL) to limit the effects of non-international armed conflicts (NIACs). This book examines the threshold for the existence of a NIAC and the application of IHL, and explores how treaty and customary rules balance military necessity with humanitarian concerns to regulate the conduct of hostilities and protect persons not participating in the fighting. It also addresses contemporary challenges, such as counter-terrorism operations, environmental protection, and the use of new technologies. Furthermore, the book examines the application of IHRL, particularly in light of the millions living under NSAG control and de facto governance. It also explores mechanisms for ensuring the parties' compliance with international law and accountability for violations, including developments in international criminal law, as well as State and corporate responsibility. Rich in legal analysis and grounded in practice, this volume is an essential resource for scholars, legal practitioners, and advanced students seeking a comprehensive understanding of the legal dimensions of modern armed conflict.

The International Law of Non-International Armed Conflict

Studies in National Governance and Emerging Technologies

This book examines how artificial intelligence systems and their applications in security and defence are entangled with governance and policy processes in the EU. Combining concepts and insights from (critical) security studies and science and technology studies, it argues that behind the various AI-related policy initiatives in the EU are particular narratives on security and defence based on European fears of technological innovation and strategic gaps. In this respect, the book casts light on how such beliefs have become increasingly instrumentalized in the European governance dynamics, and subsequently embedded in successive policy initiatives and security and defence research programmes. It challenges conventional understandings of AI technologies as mere security and defence-enabling instruments, by providing a conceptually driven analysis of how certain visions of AI help govern and control one of the most dynamic emergent socio-technical fields. The book will appeal to all those interested in artificial intelligence, security studies, technology and European governance.&nbsp;
 
 Raluca Csernatoni is a Research Fellow at Carnegie Europe, where she works on the nexus between European defence and emerging technologies. She is also Guest Professor at the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, and Visiting Faculty in the Department of International Relations, Central European University, Austria.

This book examines how artificial intelligence systems and their applications in security and defence are entangled with governance and policy processes in the EU. Combining concepts and insights from (critical) security studies and science and technology studies, it argues that behind the various AI-related policy initiatives in the EU are particular narratives on security and defence based on European fears of technological innovation and strategic gaps. In this respect, the book casts light on how such beliefs have become increasingly instrumentalized in the European governance dynamics, and subsequently embedded in successive policy initiatives and security and defence research programmes. It challenges conventional understandings of AI technologies as mere security and defence-enabling instruments, by providing a conceptually driven analysis of how certain visions of AI help govern and control one of the most dynamic emergent socio-technical fields. The book will appeal to all those interested in artificial intelligence, security studies, technology and European governance.&nbsp;

Artificial Security and the Politics of Hype in the EU

This book tackles pressing moral questions raised by legal rights-differentiation by citizenship status by drawing on the ethics of migration, citizenship, multiculturalism, refuge as well as on normative theories of law, territory, and settler colonialism.

Justice for Denizens

Why Nations Still Fight

Since the mid-2010s, the collapse of key arms control treaties between great powers has unravelled the post-Cold War security architecture in Europe, heightening nuclear risks to Europe. At the same time, a fresh movement emerged, calling for the total abolition of nuclear weapons, due to their catastrophic humanitarian consequences. European policy-makers found themselves between a rock and a hard place - between the global strategic conundrum calling for growing attention to nuclear deterrence, and domestic audiences demanding just the opposite. Europe's Nuclear Umbrella is about how they navigated this balance. Building on combined insights from public administration, comparative politics, foreign policy analysis, and international relations, Michal Onderco offers a novel theory which reflects the complexity of democratic foreign policy-making in the twenty-first century.

Contesting Nuclear Sharing Since 2010

Europe's Nuclear Umbrella

This book uses the Russian invasion of Ukraine as a compelling and dramatic case study to engage with ten key concepts of International Relations (IR).By focusing on enduring concepts, rather than fleeting events, it provides students and experts alike with a lasting framework for understanding 21st-century international conflicts. Each chapter is written by a leading scholar, providing innovative, critical thinking that sheds light on a specific aspect of the Russo- Ukrainian War. Rigorous analysis, expert insight, discussion of relevant debates, recent literature, and reference works provide readers with an in-depth exploration of key concepts through the lens of interstate war. The book offers readers a comprehensive approach that includes a mastery of the most important concepts in IR; an exploration of the main debates surrounding each of these concepts; and an empirical analysis of the war.Its accessible style and conceptual, pedagogical, and empirical contributions will make it a valuable resource for students, scholars, and practitioners seeking to deepen their understanding of 21st-century international politics, security studies, foreign policy analysis, and strategic studies.

Concepts in Conflict

International Politics and the Russo-Ukrainian War

War and Data on Armed Conflicts

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