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Law and Criminology (R0)

Boldizsár Artúr Szentgáli-Tóth

The Past, Present, and Future of Legislation with Supermajority

&lt;p&gt;Aims and methods.- Part I - I. The role of legislative supermajority: a comparative international overview.- International Comparison.- Part II - The potential justifications of supermajority law.- Supermajority law as the extension of the Constitution.- Supermajority law as an instrument for promoting the stability of the constitution.- Supermajority laws as instruments to construct political compromise.- Supermajority laws as a means of protecting fundamental rights.- Supermajority laws as factors of separation of powers.- Part III - The perspectives of supermajority law.- Proposals for future constitution-making processes.- The proposed new model of supermajority law.- Closing remarks.&lt;/p&gt;

Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies

This book examines the relationship between LGBTIQ communities and law in Australia from colonial times to the present day, with a particular concentration on the last 40 years. Using a socio-legal analysis that combines legislation, case law, media reports, policy materials and government data, it traces the historical shift from criminalisation and erasure to conditional legal recognition. The book develops a critical queer perspective, analysing how sexual and gender minorities moved from being classified through the figure of the criminal ‘homosexual’ to being recognised as members of LGBTIQ communities with a status of almost legal equality. Structured historically, its chapters examine distinct phases of legal reform, governance and LGBTIQ activism. The book covers key issues in sexuality, gender, family, embodiment and sex classification, while offering an extended account of the legal questions affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer people. Although focused on Australia, it speaks to wider debates across post-colonial jurisdictions, Commonwealth countries and the United States. It will be of interest to students and academics in socio-legal studies, queer legal theory, sexuality and gender studies, law reform, and LGBTIQ politics and activism.Allen George
 is Lecturer in Socio-Legal Studies at the University of Sydney, Australia, where he has lectured since 2009. His research focuses on law, sexuality, gender and LGBTIQ communities. He has also taught sociology and criminology at the University of Newcastle.

This book examines the relationship between LGBTIQ communities and law in Australia from colonial times to the present day, with a particular concentration on the last 40 years. Using a socio-legal analysis that combines legislation, case law, media reports, policy materials and government data, it traces the historical shift from criminalisation and erasure to conditional legal recognition. The book develops a critical queer perspective, analysing how sexual and gender minorities moved from being classified through the figure of the criminal ‘homosexual’ to being recognised as members of LGBTIQ communities with a status of almost legal equality. Structured historically, its chapters examine distinct phases of legal reform, governance and LGBTIQ activism. The book covers key issues in sexuality, gender, family, embodiment and sex classification, while offering an extended account of the legal questions affecting lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer people. Although focused on Australia, it speaks to wider debates across post-colonial jurisdictions, Commonwealth countries and the United States. It will be of interest to students and academics in socio-legal studies, queer legal theory, sexuality and gender studies, law reform, and LGBTIQ politics and activism.

From Erasure to Eligibility

Law, Governance and the Queer Subject

This book fills a gap in the existing literature by providing a thorough assessment of EU regulations as a source of secondary legislation and their application in all twenty-seven Member States. It also explores that application in neighbouring countries. EU regulations are perceived as the strongest and the most effective sources of EU secondary legislation and it is well-established by the Court of Justice of the European Union that their provisions have vertical and horizontal direct effect. Part 1 of this book examines these points, providing a backdrop to the analysis in the remaining chapters. Parts 2 and 3 focus on the national reception of EU regulations in Member States, and in selected neighbouring jurisdictions. Written by leading practitioners and academics, the book offers both a conceptual underpinning to this element of the European Union's law-making, as well as its practical application.

This book fills a gap in the existing literature by providing a thorough assessment of EU regulations as a source of secondary legislation and their application in all twenty-seven Member States. It also explores that application in neighbouring countries. 

EU regulations are perceived as the strongest and the most effective sources of EU secondary legislation and it is well-established by the Court of Justice of the European Union that their provisions have vertical and horizontal direct effect. Part 1 of this book examines these points, providing a backdrop to the analysis in the remaining chapters. Parts 2 and 3 focus on the national reception of EU regulations in Member States, and in selected neighbouring jurisdictions. 

Written by leading practitioners and academics, the book offers both a conceptual underpinning to this element of the European Union’s law-making, as well as its practical application.

Legislative and Judicial Approaches

EU Regulations in Practice

Law for Professionals

This book explores how law can safeguard the marine environment in the era of deep-sea mining.In our increasingly interconnected and resource-intensive world, the demand for mineral resources has reached unprecedented levels. Rapid industrialization, technological advancements, and a growing global population have intensified our reliance on minerals: for electronics, renewable energy systems, infrastructure, and manufacturing.This escalating demand has pushed humanity to explore new frontiers, with the deep sea emerging as a potential reservoir of untapped resources. As terrestrial deposits become harder to access, the allure of deep-sea minerals grows ever more compelling.Yet, with opportunity comes responsibility. Balancing economic interests with the preservation of fragile and largely unexplored deep-sea ecosystems requires robust and enforceable legal frameworks. Since the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982, international law has sought to govern ocean resources while protecting the environment.This book offers a meticulous examination of these legal frameworks, environmental considerations, and the governance of deep-sea mineral exploration. It provides a comprehensive foundation in ocean law, covering the intricacies of international regulations, state rights, regulatory challenges, and also addressing social dimensions and human rights considerations.

Governance and Sustainability in Ocean Energy and Mineral Activities

Legal Perspectives on Deep Sea Mining

Hart Studies in European Criminal Law

This book offers a comprehensive legal analysis of the urgent challenges posed by deepfakes, focusing on the restrictive measures proposed or introduced to address their related harms. Readers will gain a clear understanding of the harms associated with deepfakes - especially in areas like non-consensual sexualised content and political disinformation - and how criminal and digital regulatory systems are attempting to respond. From a criminal law perspective, the book offers a dual-level critique. On the one hand, criminal law is invoked for its expressive and symbolic function, particularly in response to the discriminatory and gender-based harms often associated with deepfakes, as well as the broader need to prevent systemic risks to democratic society when it comes to electoral manipulation and freedom of thought. Here, criminal law would play a vital role in affirming societal condemnation of such conduct and in acknowledging the serious impact on victims. On the other hand, its use is increasingly entangled with emerging frameworks of digital regulation, taking on a more instrumental role in defining illegal content and reinforcing standards shaped primarily by private platforms and regulatory bodies. This dual function raises fundamental questions about the legitimacy and efficacy of using criminal law-the most coercive form of state power-for purposes that extend beyond its traditional scope. Additionally, the book explores regulatory measures aimed at controlling deepfakes, considered both as AI-generated content and as harmful online material. Discussions around content moderation, transparency duties-such as labelling and watermarking-and safety by design measures are gaining attention globally, with the European Union's Digital Services Act and AI Act leading the way. The book's primary goal is to bridge the two worlds of criminal law and digital regulation through a careful and critical analysis, making it a valuable resource for a broad audience.

Harmful AI-generated Content between Criminal Law and Digital Regulation

Addressing Deepfakes

Over the last two decades, Pakistan has seen major legislative changes in the area of gender-based violence. This book explores the impact and ongoing influence of these changes. A frequent refrain in political and social commentary in Pakistan is that these laws, while transformative on paper, have not translated to actual change in the lives of women and girls because of poor implementation. Through analysis of court cases, data on criminal proceedings, and interviews with activists and survivors, this book demonstrates how the impact of progressive laws is influenced by entrenched social norms and structural flaws in state institutions, especially the criminal justice system. Sara Malkani sheds light on limitations of the formal justice system while showing how law reform can create openings for activists to pursue gender justice.

Lessons from Pakistan

Progressive Laws in Patriarchal Societies

Chinese Maritime Cases Series

China (the Mainland of PRC) trades with other states in trillions of USD every year, and about 95% of the cargoes are carried by ocean-going ships calling at hundreds of Chinese ports each singe day. Due to the enormous trade volume and shipping activities, foreign ships, companies and professionals are often caught in the Chinese maritime law and court. The foreign parties involved in Chinese litigation or dispute resolution and their lawyers are more and more enthusiastic to study Chinese maritime cases in order to deal with their own cases properly or, if possible, predicate the potential risks and avoid the disputes outright. However, to date, no Chinese series casebook has ever been published. Now, for the first time, the authors offer this series casebook of delicately selected Chinese maritime judgments. Each year, the book selects a number of leading, innovative and influential Chinese maritime judgments and presents full English translation of them, together with summary, to the readers so that they can have insights of how the Chinese maritime judges interpret, apply and develop Chinese maritime law in practice. The book will benefit the worldwide students, academics, practitioners and industrial people who may be engaged in international trade, shipping, insurance and other transactions concerning China. The book will also indemnify to certain extent the situation that there is lack of authoritative sources available to foreign personnel to look into how Chinese justice system functions and grows in real life.

Selection for Year of 2019 (Volume 3)

Chinese Maritime Cases

International Studies in the Theory of Private Law

Constitutional Rights in Private Law

This book offers an alternate trajectory for EU copyright law. Building on cultural norms in creative communities to reuse, recreate and share, the book proposes a more holistic approach to reconcile conflicting copyright interests. Drawing upon Niklas Luhmann's system theory, John Dewey's theory of art and feminist data theory, it advocates access to, and care within, creative communicative spaces, such as social media platforms or artificial intelligence (AI) data infrastructures, to safeguard creativity and cultural production online. Following a comprehensive assessment of current EU copyright law and related regulation, it proposes a rebuttable presumption of artistic communication to account for the nature of communication between authors, users and the public that safeguards creative reuse. The book isolates the question of remuneration, particularly in AI context, as one of collective socio-cultural value to address wider harms through a cultural commons existing on the border of the EU copyright system. Reflecting on traditional copyright concepts such as authorship, consent and remuneration alongside more novel legal structures like a right of collective informational self-determination, Reshaping EU Copyright Law to Support Creativity Online provides a foundation to reshape how the EU copyright system and its regulatory neighbours adequately respond to new forms of creativity, dissemination, and its use.

Offers an alternate trajectory for EU copyright law to adequately respond to new forms of creativity

Creative Reuse

Reshaping EU Copyright Law to Support Creativity Online

Eight Principles to Craft a More Conscious, Collaborative, and Connected Future

Artisan Economics

This book defines the substance over form doctrine in Tax Law and sets clear limits on its application within the Brazilian Constitutional Tax System. Grounded in Brazilian constitutional principles and illustrated with case examples, the analysis develops a general framework that is extensible to other liberal democracies, testing the doctrine’s compatibility with constitutional principles while delineating boundaries for legitimate use. Drawing on a paradigmatic case from Brazilian Tax Law, Chapter One offers a precise definition of the substance over form argument and examines each component to distinguish it from accounting based approaches to taxation, debates on the relationship between Tax Law and Private Law, the defeasibility of tax rules, the rejection of qualification nominalism, and the principle of material truth; it also maps points of contact with interpretations of “form” as requirements for the existence or validity of legal transactions or as essential elements of those transactions, and presents multiple examples of the doctrine’s use in Brazilian Tax Law. Chapter Two critically refutes three common justifications for the prevalence of substance over form in Brazil—broad notions of simulation, the principle of contributive capacity, and economic substance—and then analyzes eight constitutional principles that favor a priori formal qualification criteria in tax matters: the rule of law, democracy, separation of powers, legality, legal certainty, human dignity, freedom, and equality. Chapter Three outlines practical limits on substance over form arguments by identifying preference rules for resolving conflicts among qualification criteria for facts, acts, and legal transactions in Brazilian Tax Law—whether in “form versus form” or “form versus substance” structures—thus providing a rigorous, constitutionally grounded roadmap for courts, tax authorities, and practitioners focused on Brazilian Tax Law, the Constitutional Tax System, economic substance, formal qualification, and legal certainty. Chapter Four compares the definition and criteria for applying the substance-over-form argument, as established in light of examples from Brazilian Tax Law, with key cases of this argument’s application in other countries. The aim is to outline, even if only preliminarily, the limits of the applicability of the theses presented in this work to other legal systems.

Form and Substance in Tax Law

Oñati International Series in Law and Society

This edited collection explores the question of how those with limited capacity are enabled to take their part as members of society within the context of both a legal framework and the expectations of their family and community. The book is divided into three parts, firstly looking at the current legal position on incapacity in a number of jurisdictions. It discusses the recent European project FLEUR, and the associated debates developing around whether legislation dealing with incapacity should aim to support or control the vulnerable person. Secondly, the book looks at the experience of families with vulnerable members. Chapters examine developments in Australia, Spain, Bulgaria and Argentina, while part three looks at France, Turkey, Canada, the Netherlands, Poland and Ukraine. It asks questions such as: What are the contemporary demands for full financial protection by the state in the Netherlands? What can happen in an emergency? How did the Polish system provide for the needs of refugees in wartime, in the case of the recent flight from Ukraine into Poland? An important dimension is added to the debate, asking how we can provide support and control within a social network or group whose members have different aims and needs in a family or a community.

Incapacity and Access to Family Justice

Drawing on broader legal-political discourses within the party-state and institutionalised academia, this book shines a light on one of the most controversial legal principles in Chinese criminal justice: the presumption of innocence. It argues the reasons why there is no presumption of innocence in China, tracing the curve, or evolution, of academic discourse about presumption of innocence against the backdrop of changing politics, or varying emphases on national conditions, from Mao Zedong to Xi Jinping. The book deepens our understanding of the trajectory of criminal justice reforms in the party-state and shows how the more open and liberal phases of the reform era opened up some space for pluralist views and constructive criticism. In comparison, the second wave of autocratisation of the system influenced the conception of the criminal and paved the way for an illiberal turn.

Presumption of Innocence Under China's 'National Conditions'

The Past, Present, and Future of Legislation with Supermajority

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