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Mathematics and Astronomy in the Ancient
World

Mathematics and Astronomy in the Ancient World

An East-Asian Perspective

This is the first book to provide a sustained exploration of the philosophy of mistakes. Beginning with the distinction between mistakes and malfunction Kim Frost examines the idea that mistakes are a form of irrationality; whether there can be mistakes of sensation and emotion; the idea of mistakes as imperfect exercises of fallible powers; the seemingly paradoxical theory that mistakes seem accidental yet also explicable; and mistakes in the context of non-human animals, such as the Sphex wasp, human experience and taking responsibility for mistakes.

Mistakes are an inevitable part of human experience. We jump to conclusions, confuse one thing with another and can simply get things wrong. We make such mistakes, and in that sense we are distinctively responsible for them. In this respect, we are quite different from most other things in the natural world. This is the first book to provide a sustained exploration of the philosophy of mistakes. Beginning with the distinction between mistakes and malfunction Kim Frost examines the idea that mistakes are a form of irrationality; whether there can be mistakes of sensation and emotion; the idea of mistakes as imperfect exercises of fallible powers; the seemingly paradoxical theory that mistakes seem accidental yet also explicable; and mistakes in the context of non-human animals, such as the Sphex wasp, human experience and taking responsibility for mistakes.

A Philosophical Inquiry

Mistakes

Elements in the Philosophy of Biology

The Organism

In this exceptionally clear and engaging introduction to the philosophy of science, James Ladyman explores the philosophical questions that arise when we reflect on the nature of the scientific method and the knowledge it produces. He discusses whether fundamental philosophical questions about knowledge and reality might be answered by science, and considers in detail the debate between realists and antirealists about the extent of scientific knowledge. The style remains unassuming, bringing to life the essential questions in the philosophy of science. Ideal for any student of philosophy or science, the book requires no previous knowledge of either discipline. It contains suggestions for further reading and cross-references with an extensive bibliography, making this the ideal textbook for students coming to the subject for the first time. The second edition includes the following key features: new chapter 'Confirmation and Evidence' which will include Nicod's criterion and Hempel's symmetry thesis and Bayesianism new content added to the 'Revolutions and Rationality' chapter, including Post-Kuhnian views of the scientific method more content on social factors in science and recent views of science.

In this exceptionally clear and engaging introduction to the philosophy of science, James Ladyman explores the philosophical questions that arise when we reflect on the nature of the scientific method and the knowledge it produces. He discusses whether fundamental philosophical questions about knowledge and reality might be answered by science, and considers in detail the debate between realists and antirealists about the extent of scientific knowledge. The style remains unassuming, bringing to life the essential questions in the philosophy of science. Ideal for any student of philosophy or science, the book requires no previous knowledge of either discipline. It contains suggestions for further reading and cross-references with an extensive bibliography, making this the ideal textbook for students coming to the subject for the first time.The second edition includes the following key features:<ul> <li>new chapter ‘Confirmation and Evidence’ which will include Nicod’s criterion and Hempel’s symmetry thesis and Bayesianism</li> <li>new content added to the ‘Revolutions and Rationality’ chapter, including Post-Kuhnian views of the scientific method </li> <li>more content on social factors in science and recent views of science.</li> </ul>

Understanding Philosophy of Science

Armin W. Schulz explores what makes human cognition distinct, suggesting that the evolution of our cognition is built on a feedback loop of innate representations, forms of cultural learning, and technology--which in turn explain our capacity for trade, morality, and human mindreading.

The Evolution of Distinctively Human Cognition

It's Only Human

Routledge Revivals

A Proof of the Real Existence of a Supreme Self in the Universe

Personality and Reality

Elements in the Philosophy of Physics

This Element is broadly about the geometrization of physics, but mostly it is about gauge theories. The over-arching question this Element aims to answer is: why is descriptive redundancy fruitful for physics? It provides three inter-related answers: pragmatic, or methodological; based on geometrical considerations, and broadly relational.

This Element is broadly about the geometrization of physics, but mostly it is about gauge theories. The over-arching question this Element aims to answer is: why is descriptive redundancy fruitful for physics? It provides three inter-related answers: pragmatic, or methodological; based on geometrical considerations, and broadly relational.

Gauge Theory and the Geometrisation of Physics

Ecology and Ethics

Non-anthropocentric Perspectives on Morality

Reimagining Ethics

The International Library of Bioethics

In The Ethics of Research with Human Subjects, David B. Resnik, PhD/JD, develops and defends an approach to thinking about ethical and policy dilemmas in research with human subjects based on the notion of trust. The book explains why trust is important not only between investigators and research subjects but also between and among other stakeholders involved in the research enterprise, including research staff, sponsors, institutions, communities, oversight committees, government agencies, and the public. Dr. Resnik argues that trust should be viewed as a distinct ethical principle for research with human subjects that complements other principles, such as respect for human dignity, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. The book applies the principle of trust to numerous issues, including informed consent, confidentiality/privacy, risk minimization, risk/benefit assessment, payments for participation, protection of vulnerable subjects, experimental design, research integrity, and research oversight. The book also includes discussions of the history of research involving human subjects, moral theories and principles, contemporary cases, and proposed regulatory reforms. This second edition of The Ethics of Research with Human Subjects expands upon and clarifies arguments and ideas discussed in the first edition and includes new material on emerging issues in human research ethics, including community-based research, citizen science research, challenge studies (including COVID-19 experiments), public health research, genomics research, social and behavioral research, xenotransplantation experiments, alternative study designs, and research with people with compromised decisional capacity, employees, and students. The book is of interest to undergraduate and graduate students who are studying ethical and policy issues related to research with human subjects, as well as scientists and scholars who are interested learning more about the issues and thinking about what it means to promote integrity and trust in research with human subjects.

Protecting People, Advancing Science, Promoting Trust

The Ethics of Research with Human Subjects

Technikzukünfte, Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft / Futures of Technology, Science and Society

Zu den bereits klinisch implementierten reproduktionsmedizinischen Verfahren wie der In-vitro-Fertilisation oder Eizell-Kryokonservierung, die Menschen mit Fertilitätseinschränkungen dabei helfen sollen, Kinder zu bekommen, kommen immer mehr Verfahren hinzu, welche sich zwar noch im experimentellen Stadium befinden, jedoch bereits auf die Möglichkeit der klinischen Anwendung hindeuten. Ein erstes relevantes Verfahren ist die In-vitro-Gametogenese, die Generierung von artifiziellen Gameten. Ein zweites ist die extrakorporale Schwangerschaft, mit der die Hoffnung verbunden ist, schwere Komplikationen oder sogar den Tod bei Frühgeburten zu vermeiden. Diese medizinischen Innovationen können weitreichende rechtliche, gesellschaftliche und ethische Konsequenzen im Kontext der menschlichen Reproduktion nach sich ziehen – diese werden im vorliegenden Sammelband kritisch diskutiert.&nbsp;&nbsp;Die Herausgeber*innenVasilija Rolfes
 , PhD, ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Geschichte, Theorie und Ethik der Medizin an der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf.
 Anna Scharf
 , M.A., war wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin am Institut für Sozialforschung und Technikfolgenabschätzung an der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg.
 Dr. Helene Gerhards
 wurde mit einer sozialwissenschaftlichen Arbeit zur Kollektivität von Patient*innenorganisationen an der Universität Osnabrück promoviert und ist derzeit an der Universität Duisburg-Essen im Bereich Hochschulmanagement und Kommunikation tätig.
 Laura Cerullo
 , M.A., schloss 2021 den Masterstudiengang ‚Soziale Arbeit- Inklusion und Exklusion‘ ab und ist derzeit als Sozialpädagogin am Universitätsklinikum Regensburg tätig.
 Karsten Weber
 , Prof. Dr. phil. habil., ist Professor für Technikfolgenabschätzung für KI-gestützte Mobilität an der Ostbayerischen Technischen Hochschule Regensburg.

Zu den bereits klinisch implementierten reproduktionsmedizinischen Verfahren wie der In-vitro-Fertilisation oder Eizell-Kryokonservierung, die Menschen mit Fertilitätseinschränkungen dabei helfen sollen, Kinder zu bekommen, kommen immer mehr Verfahren hinzu, welche sich zwar noch im experimentellen Stadium befinden, jedoch bereits auf die Möglichkeit der klinischen Anwendung hindeuten. Ein erstes relevantes Verfahren ist die In-vitro-Gametogenese, die Generierung von artifiziellen Gameten. Ein zweites ist die extrakorporale Schwangerschaft, mit der die Hoffnung verbunden ist, schwere Komplikationen oder sogar den Tod bei Frühgeburten zu vermeiden. Diese medizinischen Innovationen können weitreichende rechtliche, gesellschaftliche und ethische Konsequenzen im Kontext der menschlichen Reproduktion nach sich ziehen – diese werden im vorliegenden Sammelband kritisch diskutiert.&nbsp;

Ethische, rechtliche und soziale Perspektiven neuer Reproduktionstechniken

Reproduktionszukünfte

Routledge Studies in the Philosophy of Mathematics and Physics

This book argues that our current best theories of fundamental physics are best interpreted as positing spacetime as non-fundamental. It is written in accessible language and largely avoids mathematical technicalities by instead focusing on the key metaphysical and foundational lessons for the fundamentality of spacetime.

General Relativity, Quantum Gravity, and Metaphysics

The Non-Fundamentality of Spacetime

This Element examines philosophical accounts of scientific explanation, particularly those that apply to biology and the life sciences. Two main categories of scientific explanation are causal explanations and non-causal explanations. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

This Element examines philosophical accounts of scientific explanation, particularly those that apply to biology and the life sciences. Two main categories of scientific explanation are  causal explanations and non-causal explanations. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Explanation in Biology

Mathematics and Astronomy in the Ancient World

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