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Produkt vom BFSG ausgenommen: Hersteller ist Kleinstunternehmen

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El gran paso de las pymes

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Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 2, University of Bayreuth (Economics), language: English, abstract: Climate change is one of the world's major challenges to overcome. After the 2015 Paris Agreement, 196 countries around the globe agreed to undertake policy measures for keeping the average rise of global temperature below 2° Celsius by 2050. The main goal of this global governance framework is to help the parties mobilize financial resources and mitigate the effects of climate change. Under the agreement, every country must regularly report its contributions to emission reductions.

The governmental budgets worldwide will not be sufficient to finance the necessary climate change mitigation and adaptation infrastructure projects. On the one hand, there exists a large investment gap in developing countries of around 530 billion United States dollar (USD) that need to be invested by 2030 solely in the energy sector to meet the countries’ sustainable infrastructure needs. Since the urbanization rate is rapidly increasing, especially cities in emerging economies urgently need large amounts of capital. On the other hand, large institutional investors are increasingly introducing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria in their investment decisions and incorporating ‘green’ mandates in their statutes. One potential instrument to meet policymaker’s and investor’s needs are green bonds (GBs).

Therefore, this research aims to investigate the market barriers for municipal green bonds (MGBs) in Colombia. Since the topic has a niche character, the research method is based on a literature review and three experts’ interviews to add an insightful perspective of market practitioners. The structural barriers identified as obstacles to market development were macroeconomic variables that limit the access to capital markets, political variables such as corruption, conflicts, rivalries between parties and cortoplacismo as well as market skepticism to-wards new financial instruments and ‘green’ topics. Additionally, some specific market barriers of the green bonds market are significantly high transaction costs, lack of technical knowledge, dependence on external market actors, liquidity, and greenwashing risk. The last chapter of this master thesis presents policy recommendations for three key market actors: Colombian municipalities, the central government, and multilateral development banks.

María Torres

A market analysis of the opportunities, requisites, and challenges of the municipal green bonds market in Colombia

Should Colombian Cities Issue Green Bonds?

Ingeniería

Paola Alzate

Conceptos fundamentales 3ª edición

Investigación de operaciones

Jurisprudencia

Saray Vanessa Barbosa Salgado

Protección de datos personales en tiempos del big data

Harper Perennial Olive Editions

"One Hundred Years of Solitude is the first piece of literature since the Book of Genesis that should be required reading for the entire human race. . . . García Márquez has done nothing less than to create in the reader a sense of all that is profound, meaningful, and meaningless in life." —William Kennedy, National ObserverOne of the most influential literary works of our time, One Hundred Years of Solitude remains a dazzling and original achievement by the masterful Gabriel García Márquez, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. It's now available as a special Harper Perennial Olive Edition.The story of the village of Macondo, as seen through the lives of seven generations of the Buendía family, is told with Marquez’s trademark mastery of magical realism. The founders, José Arcadio Buendía and Úrsula Iguarán, establish the village while camping on a riverbank, after José dreams about a "city of mirrors" that would reflect the world. The people of the town - which is solitary and disconnected from the outside world, save for a band of nomads that visits every year - experience extraordinary events across generations, until they are finally unable to hide from the the newly independent government of Colombia.&nbsp;Alternately reverential and comical, One Hundred Years of Solitude weaves the political, personal and spiritual to bring a new consciousness to storytelling.&nbsp;The novel has been translated into dozens of languages, making it a classic of truly global proportions.Harper Perennial Olive Editions are exclusive small-format editions of some of our bestselling and celebrated titles, and feature unique hand-drawn cover illustrations. All Olive Editions are available for a limited time only.

"One Hundred Years of Solitude is the first piece of literature since the Book of Genesis that should be required reading for the entire human race. . . . García Márquez has done nothing less than to create in the reader a sense of all that is profound, meaningful, and meaningless in life." —William Kennedy, National ObserverOne of the most influential literary works of our time, One Hundred Years of Solitude remains a dazzling and original achievement by the masterful Gabriel García Márquez, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature. It's now available as a special Harper Perennial Olive Edition.The story of the village of Macondo, as seen through the lives of seven generations of the Buendía family, is told with Marquez’s trademark mastery of magical realism. The founders, José Arcadio Buendía and Úrsula Iguarán, establish the village while camping on a riverbank, after José dreams about a "city of mirrors" that would reflect the world. The people of the town - which is solitary and disconnected from the outside world, save for a band of nomads that visits every year - experience extraordinary events across generations, until they are finally unable to hide from the the newly independent government of Colombia.&nbsp;Alternately reverential and comical, One Hundred Years of Solitude weaves the political, personal and spiritual to bring a new consciousness to storytelling.&nbsp;The novel has been translated into dozens of languages, making it a classic of truly global proportions.Harper Perennial Olive Editions are exclusive small-format editions of some of our bestselling and celebrated titles, and feature unique hand-drawn cover illustrations. All Olive Editions are available for a limited time only.

One Hundred Years of Solitude

Leyes

Constitución Política de Colombia de 1886

Springer Textbooks in Law

The book, which systematically analyzes private international law rules contained in the Colombian legal system, contributes to the study and knowledge of this legal field, and also has a positive impact on its practical application. In addition, attention is given to the need for a special legislation that not only fits the Colombian reality and takes into consideration the evolution of private international law in Latin America. The book appeals to a worldwide audience. It enables readers to better understand how private law deals with a variety of situations in the Global South. Such situations can be linked to virtually all global phenomena, including at least two: cross-border migration and international trade. Regarding this, Colombia stands out in Latin America because, although it has traditionally been the origin of many migrants, in recent years it has also come to play an important role as a destination and transit country for migrants from different regions. In addition,Colombia’s economic growth has led it to become part of several international trade agreements, for example, with the Andean Community, Venezuela, Mexico, MERCOSUR, Chile, the Northern Triangle, which includes Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras, and also with Canada, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the United States, the European Union, South Korea, Costa Rica and the Pacific Alliance, of which Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru are members. All this, while resulting in an increase in situations with foreign elements that must be dealt with by national authorities, makes it unavoidable to know the Colombian private international law to know the legal landscape of the region in relation to global issues that currently must be addressed worldwide. Thus, the book is of interest to students in different countries. They find in it a guide to understand the theory and dogmatics of private international law in Latin America and Colombia. The academic relevance of the book is alsoreflected in its usefulness for scholars working in private international law and comparative law. It allows for an in-depth study of the problems that underly private international law in this part of the Global South. It is structured and written in such a way that it can be used as a textbook in undergraduate and graduate courses in subjects such as comparative law, private international law, international contracts, international trade, and international movement of persons and goods.

The book, which systematically analyzes private international law rules contained in the Colombian legal system, contributes to the study and knowledge of this legal field, and also has a positive impact on its practical application. In addition, attention is given to the need for a special legislation that not only fits the Colombian reality and takes into consideration the evolution of private international law in Latin America. The book appeals to a worldwide audience. It enables readers to better understand how private law deals with a variety of situations in the Global South. Such situations can be linked to virtually all global phenomena, including at least two: cross-border migration and international trade. Regarding this, Colombia stands out in Latin America because, although it has traditionally been the origin of many migrants, in recent years it has also come to play an important role as a destination and transit country for migrants from different regions. In addition,Colombia’s economic growth has led it to become part of several international trade agreements, for example, with the Andean Community, Venezuela, Mexico, MERCOSUR, Chile, the Northern Triangle, which includes Guatemala, El Salvador and Honduras, and also with Canada, the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), the United States, the European Union, South Korea, Costa Rica and the Pacific Alliance, of which Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru are members. All this, while resulting in an increase in situations with foreign elements that must be dealt with by national authorities, makes it unavoidable to know the Colombian private international law to know the legal landscape of the region in relation to global issues that currently must be addressed worldwide. Thus, the book is of interest to students in different countries. They find in it a guide to understand the theory and dogmatics of private international law in Latin America and Colombia. The academic relevance of the book is alsoreflected in its usefulness for scholars working in private international law and comparative law. It allows for an in-depth study of the problems that underly private international law in this part of the Global South. It is structured and written in such a way that it can be used as a textbook in undergraduate and graduate courses in subjects such as comparative law, private international law, international contracts, international trade, and international movement of persons and goods.

A Private International Law for Colombia

Santiago Rodríguez Sanmiguel

Nicolás E. Buitrago Rey

Camila Mies

Laura Leonor Calderón Fuentes

Juan Manuel Pongutá Forero

Daniel Laureano Noguera Santander

Esteban Javier Palacios León

Raúl Ruiz Canizales

Camilo Elías Riaño Tovar

Daniel Stefano Salazar Urbina

André Luiz Valim Vieira

Pablo Andrés Aponte González

Juan José Hurtado Calderón

Daniel Rojas Tamayo

Sergio Cortés Beltrán

Juan Pablo Gómez Moreno

Agustín E. Carrillo Suárez

Eréndira Salgado-Ledesma

William Fernando Martínez Luna

Víctor Hugo Guerra Hernández

Clarissa Fonda

Isidoro Antonio Calvo Vidal

Ricardo Abello-Galvis

Walter Arévalo-Ramírez

Diálogos entre el derecho ambiental, el derecho económico y el derecho internacional público

Interacciones entre regímenes

La estrategia organizacional

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