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Law and Criminology (R0)

Eduardo C. B. Bittar

General Theory of Law

New Challenges, Current Issues and Innovative Approaches

&lt;p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0cm; line-height: normal;"&gt;&lt;span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"&gt;1 The Historical Genesis of The (General) Theory of Law, and Beyond: Origins, Autonomy and Methods &lt;em&gt;by Ana Margarida Sim&amp;otilde;es Gaud&amp;ecirc;ncio.- &lt;/em&gt;2 The Metascientific Discourse of the General Theory of Law: The Relationship between General Theory and Special Theories &lt;em&gt;by Eduardo C. B. Bittar.- &lt;/em&gt;3 &amp;lsquo;New&amp;rsquo; Questions Concerning the Experience of the Legal System and the Problem of the Sources of Law or the Place and Claims of an Internal Critical Approach: Going Beyond the Possibilities of a General Theory of Law &lt;em&gt;by Jos&amp;eacute; Manuel Aroso Linhares.- &lt;/em&gt;4 Uncertitudes and Unpredictabilities in the Legal System: The Application of the Law under Discussion &lt;em&gt;by Pierre Moor.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Hart Studies in Constitutional Law

This book articulates and defends a sceptical general account of parliamentary sovereignty.

It challenges the orthodox approach to this fundamental doctrine by making three key heretical claims. First, there are some laws that Parliament cannot make. Second, there are several ways in which primary legislation can be overridden or set aside by institutions other than Parliament. And third, Parliament has the power to bind itself as to the substance of future legislation. All three positions are developed using arguments which depend on existing legal materials and are compatible with the normative underpinnings of the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. 

The book combines theoretical and doctrinal analysis. The theoretical part of the book situates Parliament's authority to legislate in the broader context of an examination of constitutional and political authority. It develops a conception of the ways in which competing views on the scope of Parliament's legislative authority are mediated into law. The doctrinal part of the book reconsiders Parliament's legal position. It proposes a novel conception of Parliament's power to bind itself, rooted in the idea of commitments. It defends the existence of a judicial power to impose narrowly conceived freestanding limits on Parliament's law-making authority, rooted in the rule of law. Finally, the book examines the challenges posed to parliamentary sovereignty by both its internal procedures and the devolved legislatures.

This book articulates and defends a sceptical general account of parliamentary sovereignty.

It challenges the orthodox approach to this fundamental doctrine by making three key heretical claims. First, there are some laws that Parliament cannot make. Second, there are several ways in which primary legislation can be overridden or set aside by institutions other than Parliament. And third, Parliament has the power to bind itself as to the substance of future legislation. All three positions are developed using arguments which depend on existing legal materials and are compatible with the normative underpinnings of the doctrine of parliamentary sovereignty. 

The book combines theoretical and doctrinal analysis. The theoretical part of the book situates Parliament’s authority to legislate in the broader context of an examination of constitutional and political authority. It develops a conception of the ways in which competing views on the scope of Parliament’s legislative authority are mediated into law. The doctrinal part of the book reconsiders Parliament’s legal position. It proposes a novel conception of Parliament’s power to bind itself, rooted in the idea of commitments. It defends the existence of a judicial power to impose narrowly conceived freestanding limits on Parliament’s law-making authority, rooted in the rule of law. Finally, the book examines the challenges posed to parliamentary sovereignty by the executive, Parliament’s internal procedures and the devolved legislatures.

A Sceptical Restatement

Parliamentary Sovereignty

Der WuV-Kurs im Öffentlichen Recht unterstützt die eigene Vorbereitung auf die Erste Juristische Staatsprüfung ohne Repetitor. Er wendet sich an Studierende, die „scheinfrei“ sind und sich nunmehr in der Vorbereitung auf das Staatsexamen befinden. In dieser Phase ist es nicht mehr sinnvoll, weiteres Inselwissen anzuhäufen. Es droht ohnehin schon, angesichts der Stofffülle die Übersicht zu verlieren. Von Nöten ist vielmehr eine gezielte Schwerpunktsetzung. Für eine erfolgreiche Vorbereitung auf das Examen ist zudem das Training der Methodik der Fallbearbeitung unabdingbar. Deshalb müssen gutachterliche Falllösungen und systematische Rechtskenntnisse zusammengeführt werden.

Das gesamte examensrelevante Öffentliche Recht

This book defines the substance over form doctrine in Tax Law and sets clear limits on its application within the Brazilian Constitutional Tax System. Grounded in Brazilian constitutional principles and illustrated with case examples, the analysis develops a general framework that is extensible to other liberal democracies, testing the doctrine’s compatibility with constitutional principles while delineating boundaries for legitimate use. Drawing on a paradigmatic case from Brazilian Tax Law, Chapter One offers a precise definition of the substance over form argument and examines each component to distinguish it from accounting based approaches to taxation, debates on the relationship between Tax Law and Private Law, the defeasibility of tax rules, the rejection of qualification nominalism, and the principle of material truth; it also maps points of contact with interpretations of “form” as requirements for the existence or validity of legal transactions or as essential elements of those transactions, and presents multiple examples of the doctrine’s use in Brazilian Tax Law. Chapter Two critically refutes three common justifications for the prevalence of substance over form in Brazil—broad notions of simulation, the principle of contributive capacity, and economic substance—and then analyzes eight constitutional principles that favor a priori formal qualification criteria in tax matters: the rule of law, democracy, separation of powers, legality, legal certainty, human dignity, freedom, and equality. Chapter Three outlines practical limits on substance over form arguments by identifying preference rules for resolving conflicts among qualification criteria for facts, acts, and legal transactions in Brazilian Tax Law—whether in “form versus form” or “form versus substance” structures—thus providing a rigorous, constitutionally grounded roadmap for courts, tax authorities, and practitioners focused on Brazilian Tax Law, the Constitutional Tax System, economic substance, formal qualification, and legal certainty. Chapter Four compares the definition and criteria for applying the substance-over-form argument, as established in light of examples from Brazilian Tax Law, with key cases of this argument’s application in other countries. The aim is to outline, even if only preliminarily, the limits of the applicability of the theses presented in this work to other legal systems.

Form and Substance in Tax Law

CPG Series of Comparative Constitutional Law, Politics and Governance

Current Developments and Challenges

Public Law in Asia

For centuries, the Latin notarial system has evolved in response to society's growing demand for legal certainty. Yet the increasing complexity of economic relations calls for a new stage in that evolution: a notarial system capable not only of ensuring legal certainty but also of realizing its full institutional potential to promote economic efficiency in private legal relationships through enhanced governance, conflict prevention, and the preservation of the contractual rationale built throughout the notarial process, so that disputes, when unavoidable, may be resolved consistently with the parties' legitimate choices, interests, and objectives.
 
 This book argues that such evolution requires neither abandoning nor replacing the historical foundations of the Latin notariat, but reinterpreting them in light of contemporary economic challenges. It introduces the Law-and-Economics Notary as the central institutional figure of the Law-and-Economics Notarial Paradigm, a new theoretical framework explaining how the civil-law notarial system can meet growing demands for economic efficiency while preserving the principles that have historically defined its identity.
 
 The book demonstrates that the Law-and-Economics Notary represents a new understanding of the notarial function. Public faith is conceived not only as an instrument of documentary authentication but also as a mechanism of private governance capable of structuring incentives, reducing transaction costs, mitigating information asymmetries and behavioral biases, strengthening trust among economic actors, and fostering more efficient, predictable, and socially beneficial legal relationships.
 
 Developed independently through the integration of law, economics, and notarial practice, the Law-and-Economics Notarial Paradigm later proved to converge with the evolutionary direction reflected in the studies and institutional agenda of the International Union of Notaries. This independent convergence confirms its capacity to explain and operationalize institutional transformations already emerging across the modern civil-law notariat.
 
 By integrating law, economics, and contractual governance, this book offers a new understanding of the notarial function and a coherent paradigm for the evolution of the Latin notarial system. Rather than replacing its traditional foundations, it demonstrates how they can be reinterpreted and further developed, thereby contributing to legal certainty, economic efficiency, preventive justice, and, ultimately, to economic development.

A Paradigm Shift in the Latin Notarial System

The Law-and-Economics Notary

This book celebrates the life and legacy of one of Ireland's greatest ever jurists - Gerard Hogan. Across his career as an academic, Advocate General at the Court of Justice of the European Union, and judge of the High Court, Court of Appeal, and Supreme Court of Ireland, Gerard Hogan has had a profound influence on public law. He is widely regarded as Ireland's leading legal scholar, particularly in constitutional law, administrative law, and EU law. The volume in his honour focuses on the central role of courts in public law. It examines how courts shape constitutional systems, interpret legislation, hold public authorities accountable, and protect rights, while maintaining the balance between the executive, legislature, and citizens. Drawing on themes developed in his scholarship, opinions, and judgments, the book addresses issues such as judicial review, constitutional oversight, the rule of law, and the relationship between judicial independence, public confidence, democracy, and accountability. It also considers comparative and global perspectives on how courts perform these functions across different jurisdictions. Reflecting on Gerard Hogan's enduring contributions to debates on judicial review, separation of powers, fundamental rights, and judicial decision-making, the book serves as both a tribute and a lasting scholarly resource. At a time of ongoing constitutional challenges in Ireland and across Europe, it offers a timely reflection on the principles of public law that Gerard Hogan has shaped over several decades, both on and off the bench.

Liber Amicorum in Honour of Gerard Hogan

Public Law and the Centrality of Courts

This book investigates the structural limits of the principle of party initiative and the rule of congruence within the contemporary civil procedural system, with a primary focus on Brazilian law and a comparative outlook that resonates with other legal traditions. It critically examines how the liberal-individualist foundations of civil procedure—rooted in 18th- and 19th-century private law—continue to shape the concepts of jurisdiction, action, defense, and process, often in ways that are misaligned with the collective and complex nature of modern legal disputes.Through the lens of financial compensation for mineral exploitation, the work explores the dual role of the Public Power as both rights-holder and representative of diffuse interests, revealing the inadequacy of traditional procedural categories in addressing collective claims. This tension underscores the need to rethink the procedural framework, especially when the judiciary is called upon to act beyond the strict confines of party-submitted claims.The book proposes a shift toward a more systemic and public-oriented understanding of judicial activity, grounded in the principle of proportionality—understood here in its pan-procedural dimension. Rather than evaluating procedural guarantees solely within the boundaries of individual cases, it advocates for a broader analysis that considers the efficiency and legitimacy of the judiciary as a public service. Drawing on constitutional principles and comparative jurisprudence, it argues that judicial decisions must be guided by a balance between means and ends, ensuring that interventions are not only legally sound but also socially and economically justified.This approach is further developed through a critical analysis of the classification of legal actions and the effects of judicial decisions. The book revisits traditional distinctions—declaratory, constitutive, condemnatory, mandamental, and executive—highlighting their historical evolution and practical limitations. It challenges the rigidity of these categories, especially in contexts such as third-party embargoes and fraud against creditors, where procedural formalism can hinder effective legal protection. The discussion extends to the controversial admissibility of declaratory actions on facts, advocating for a more pragmatic and flexible interpretation that aligns with the realities of legal uncertainty and the need for judicial affirmation of rights and obligations.This work offers a renewed theoretical and practical framework for understanding the boundaries of judicial action. By integrating the principles of proportionality and adequate representation into the heart of procedural reasoning, it seeks to reconcile the individualistic origins of civil procedure with the demands of a complex, pluralistic, and constitutionally committed legal order.

Principle of Party Initiative

What impact has Australia had on international law and what is its significance in terms of its participation in the transnational legal system? This collection of essays delves into the history of Australia's interactions with international law and considers how its people have shaped international law. It explores key issues such as the country's imperial and settler past. It assesses how Australians have contributed to key institutions such as the ICJ, the UN and the British Commonwealth. It gives a fascinating insight into international law's impact on a domestic legal system and the complex and multifaceted nature of that relationship. Scholars from across the international spectrum, whether in the field of law, politics or history, will welcome this erudite and engaging work.

From Empire to the Contemporary World

Australia in the International Legal System

Living Signs of Law

This book explores the intersection of medieval literature and the early conceptualization of crime, justice, and legal theory. Drawing on canonical texts such as Dante’s&nbsp;
 Divine Comedy
 , Boccaccio’s 
 Decameron
 , Chaucer’s 
 Canterbury Tales
 , and court-case fiction from China and the Middle East, the authors trace the emergence of proto-criminological thought embedded within narrative traditions.
 
 Through a rigorous interdisciplinary lens, the book examines how theological notions of sin gradually evolved into secular understandings of criminal culpability, legal responsibility, and forensic reasoning. It argues that medieval literature served as a crucible for the development of legal consciousness—anticipating modern jurisprudential concepts such as mens rea, proportionality of punishment, and restorative justice.
 
 Combining literary analysis, legal theory, and criminological insight, this volume offers a compelling re-evaluation of the Middle Ages as a formative period in the genealogy of criminal law. It is essential reading for scholars of law and literature, criminology, medieval studies, and intellectual history.

Origins of Crime, Justice, and Legal Theory

Sustainable Development Goals Series

This volume provides a nuanced analysis of the profound impact left by the dissenting opinion in the Tokyo Trial by Justice Radha Binod Pal's&nbsp;ideological stance on modern international criminal law. It consists of a detailed examination of this bold opinion on post-war justice that built the legacy of Justice Radha Binod Pal. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, this collection analyses the contemporary impact of Justice Pal's dissent and his ideologies and how they can impact contemporary dialogue in international law revolving around fairness, justice, accountability and inclusivity in international law and global power dynamics. It explores the intersection of his critique with contemporary concerns such as the decolonisation of international law, the legitimacy of global legal institutions, and the pursuit of a just world order. By engaging with issues such as territorial conflicts, and the role of legal pluralism, this volume aligns with the broader objectives of SDG16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), offering a critical lens on how international law can evolve to promote equitable and transparent global governance. With contributions ranging from analysis of historical perspectives to examination of contemporary implications, the edited volume shall be essential for readers interested in international law and scholars established in the research field of international criminal law, international humanitarian law and human rights, fair global order and the evolving role of dissent, inclusivity, cultural and social contextualisation.

This volume provides a nuanced analysis of the profound impact left by the dissenting opinion in the Tokyo Trial by Justice Radha Binod Pal's&nbsp;ideological stance on modern international criminal law. It consists of a detailed examination of this bold opinion on post-war justice that built the legacy of Justice Radha Binod Pal. Through an interdisciplinary perspective, this collection analyses the contemporary impact of Justice Pal's dissent and his ideologies and how they can impact contemporary dialogue in international law revolving around fairness, justice, accountability and inclusivity in international law and global power dynamics. It explores the intersection of his critique with contemporary concerns such as the decolonisation of international law, the legitimacy of global legal institutions, and the pursuit of a just world order. By engaging with issues such as territorial conflicts, and the role of legal pluralism, this volume aligns with the broader objectives of SDG16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions), offering a critical lens on how international law can evolve to promote equitable and transparent global governance. With contributions ranging from analysis of historical perspectives to examination of contemporary implications, the edited volume shall be essential for readers interested in international law and scholars established in the research field of international criminal law, international humanitarian law and human rights, fair global order and the evolving role of dissent, inclusivity, cultural and social contextualisation.

Justice Radha Binod Pal's Dissent

Beyond Victor’s Justice and Pursuit of Sustainable Development in International Law

Das auf mehrere Bande angelegte Werk prasentiert nahezu das gesamte deutsche Verfassungsrecht des Zeitraumes zwischen 1806 und 1918. Hiermit wird der sich gleichsam schrittweise vollziehende Ubergang von einem traditionell standischen oder gar furstlich-absolutistischen zu einem zumeist monarchisch-konstitutionellen System aufgearbeitet, dessen jaher Untergang schlielich in die nationalstaatlich-republikanisch gepragte demokratisch-parlamentarische Staatsform Weimars mundet. Mit dem Gesamtwerk steht dem Fachpublikum eine leicht zugangliche, bislang nicht gekannte Fulle von Dokumenten zur Verfugung, die fur die verfassungsrechtliche Entwicklung Deutschlands und seiner einzelnen Staaten von zentraler Bedeutung waren. Dabei wird groer Wert auf die authentische, d. h. buchstaben- und zeichengetreue Ubernahme der Texte gelegt. Dem jeweiligen Dokumententeil sind in jedem Band "Historische Einfuhrungen" vorangestellt. In diesem Rahmen werden an den einschlagigen Dokumenten orientierte (verfassungs-) rechtliche, zeitlich wie territorial ubergreifende entwicklungsgeschichtliche Darstellungen vorgenommen. In dem hier vorliegenden 3. Band werden erstmals uber 450 Verfassungsdokumente prasentiert, welche fur die verfassungsstaatliche Entwicklung des Groherzogtums Berg und des Herzogtums Braunschweig pragend waren. Begleitet wird diese Textedition durch eine ausfuhrliche historische Einfuhrung.

Eine Dokumentensammlung nebst Einführungen, 6. Band: Hamburg, Hannover und Hessen-Darmstadt

Deutsches Verfassungsrecht 1806 - 1918

Qizhen Humanities and Social Sciences Library

This seminal work establishes the digital rule of law as the fundamental trajectory for social governance and legal transformation in the digital era. Guided by the vision of "empowering the rule of law through digital technologies while anchoring digital development within legal frameworks," the Digital Law Research Team at Zhejiang University presents pioneering research in this book.

Practice and Reform

Digital Rule of Law

General Theory of Law

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