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Aus der Reihe: e-fellows.net stipendiaten-wissen

Isabelle Bayreuther

Originalism and Judicial Discretion. A Critical Analysis of Constitutional Interpretation in the United States

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2023 im Fachbereich Jura - Öffentliches Recht / Staatsrecht / Grundrechte, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Veranstaltung: Proseminar: Rechtskritik, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Proseminararbeit im Seminar "Rechtskritik" untersucht die historische Entwicklung des Art. 18 Grundgesetz. Analysiert wird dabei die Auslegung des Begriffs der Grundrechtsverwirkung und es wird auf die rechtlichen Feinheiten eingegangen, die diesen Artikel prägen. Die Arbeit bietet eine gründliche Betrachtung und kritische Analyse dieses zentralen Instruments unserer wehrhaften Demokratie.Im Anschluss beschäftigt sich der Autor zunächst mit den Grundrechten an sich, gefolgt von einer genaueren Betrachtung von Art. 18. Dabei wird die systematische Stellung, der historische Kontext sowie die Wirkung und Bedeutung der Grundrechtsverwirkung für unsere Demokratie näher analysiert. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist dabei eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Art. 18 und seiner Auslegung.

Jakob Werling

Art. 18 GG: Die Verwirkung von Grundrechten

Gender, Justice and Legal Feminism

This book delves into the transformative efforts that sought to redefine punishment and rehabilitation, highlighting the pivotal role of Community Service Orders (CSO) and the legislative push to abandon the use of Short-Term Prison Sentences (STPS) for fine default. However, a deeper investigation reveals a critical oversight: the unique predicaments of women entangled in the criminal justice system were neglected. Through meticulous research and analysis, this work sheds light on the nuances of judicial discretion in the District Court, the inconsistencies in sentencing, and the challenges in implementing effective diversion policies. It presents an in-depth exploration of the legislative adjustments aimed at both ends of the sentencing spectrum and the unforeseen consequences these changes have had, particularly on women.Quantitative and qualitative research demonstrate that, in Ireland, there is a higher risk that when a woman reoffends this leads to increasingly harsher penalties. Women are offered fewer meaningful opportunities for self-improvement or programs aimed at addressing the socio-economic factors underscored by their offences.This book will be of interest to a broad spectrum of readers interested in criminal justice reform, gender studies, and socio-political history. It appeals to academics, practitioners, and policymakers in the fields of criminology, sociology, and law, offering fresh insights into the complexities of penal reform and its implications for different genders. Additionally, it caters to a general audience intrigued by the intersection of social justice, legal reforms, and gender equality.

Transforming Justice for Women

With Congress paralyzed, lawmaking falls to executive agencies and courts that interpret existing statutes. Due to the so-called Chevron doctrine, courts generally defer to agencies. Thomas Merrill examines the immense consequences of the doctrine and the intense backlash, offering a new way to conceptualize the authority of agencies and courts.

Its Rise and Fall, and the Future of the Administrative State

The Chevron Doctrine

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2023 im Fachbereich Jura - Öffentliches Recht / Staatsrecht / Grundrechte, Note: Gut (13 Punkte), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf (Juristische Fakultät), Veranstaltung: Grundrechtsentwicklung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Seminararbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung der Wahlrechtsgleichheit und der damit verbundenen schrittweisen Verschärfung der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts.  Dazu wird ältere Literatur ab Beginn der 1950er-Jahre gezielt heutiger Literatur gegenübergestellt. Auch auf die Interpretation der WRV wird eingegangen. Beim Wandel der Auslegungsmaßstäbe findet zudem eine Betrachtung des historischen Kontextes statt.Dank der Debatte um das Wahlgesetz der Ampel-Koalition hat die Wahlrechtsgleichheit an öffentlicher Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Die Arbeit möchte die Entwicklung dieses grundrechtsgleichen Rechts in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland genauer betrachten. Der Prozess der schrittweisen Verschärfung der Rechtsprechung soll anhand dessen exemplarisch deutlich gemacht werden. Ohne einen Überblick über die Ausgestaltung des Wahlrechts in Preußen, damit verbunden dem Kaiserreich und der WRV lässt sich die moderne Ausprägung der Wahlrechtsgleichheit kaum nachvollziehen. Deshalb erfolgt zu Beginn eine historische Einordnung unter Berücksichtigung der Leitentscheidung des Staatsgerichtshofs zum preußischen Wahlrecht. Anschließend soll der Beratungsgang im Parlamentarischen Rat zu Art. 38 GG unter Würdigung des Einflusses Hermann von Mangoldts auf den Wortlaut dargestellt werden. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der Entwicklung in den 1950er-Jahren, sodass die Interpretation zu Beginn und zum Ende des Jahrzehnts herausgearbeitet und miteinander verglichen wird. Zuletzt stellt die Arbeit die Perspektive der 1950er-Jahre dem heutigen Verständnis der Wahlrechtsgleichheit gegenüber. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildet die Frage nach der Zulässigkeit und Ausgestaltung von Sperrklauseln. Aktuell bedeutsame Themen wie der – in den 1950er-Jahren kaum beachtete und erst seit Ende der 1980er-Jahre näher problematisierte – Einfluss von Überhangmandaten auf das Wahlergebnis werden dabei bewusst nur am Rande erwähnt. Methodisch erfolgt eine Auswertung der älteren Kommentare von Mangoldts bzw. Kleins und der heutigen herrschenden Literatur. Dabei gilt besondere Aufmerksamkeit der Auseinandersetzung mit der Rechtsprechung des BVerfG und einschlägiger Fachliteratur. Die Analyse der frühen Interpretation der Wahlrechtsgleichheit erfolgt unter Berücksichtigung der Verhältnisse in den 1950er-Jahren und dem persönlichen Lebensweg der Kommentarbearbeiter.

Ben Kaufhold

Die Verschärfung der Rechtsprechung zur Wahlrechtsgleichheit

Publisher's Weekly praised Black Mondays: "Unlike Thurgood Marshall's opinion in the foreword that the framers of the nstitution should be blamed for its inequities and compromises involving slavery and women, constitutional authority Joseph asserts that its misinterpretation by Supreme Court justices, rather than the document itself, was responsible for such erroneous decisions as the Dred Scott case, which, he alleges, helped precipitate the Civil War. The case is among what he considers the court's 20 "worst" decisions as selected by legal associations and law professors, either because they reflect poor reasoning or adversely affect the freedom of citizens. The cases and the cited dissents, which make instructive reading, concern freedom of religion, association, speech, right to privacy, equal protection under the law, criminal rights and access to justice. Included are the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson 'Jim Crow' case, and the Il internment of citizens of Japanese origin, Georgia sodomy laws, Ralph Ginzburg's obscenity conviction and a June 1987 decision involving an FBI search of a black family in their Minnesota home, which, in the author's view, undercuts the Fourth Amendment guarantee of liberty and privacy." 
Israeli Supreme Court Justice Eliezer Rivlin called Black Mondays "A masterpiece."
Black Mondays includes 50 of the worst decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court, from Dred Scot to Trump v. United States.

Black Mondays Sixth Edition

"Revenge for the Sixties by Peter S. Canellos takes a studiously independent tone towards his subject." - Financial TimesThe first-ever biography of the most pivotal Justice on the Supreme Court whose decisions, like the overturning of Roe, will drive the reshaping of America, by prize-winning journalist Peter Canellos. When the Supreme Court handed down its decision in Dobbs v. Jackson, the landmark case overturning Roe v. Wade, it marked a turning point in the lives of millions of Americans. It was also the culmination of a decades-long movement whose grievances were embodied by the man who wrote the court's opinion: Samuel Anthony Alito Jr. Steely in his demeanor, with an impassive appearance that defies changing fashions, Alito could be the family lawyer in a 1960s television drama. But when he talks there is an emotional undercurrent, a fast-flowing stream beneath a placid surface. This is a man driven to push boundaries and mold ideas. His aim is to right the wrongs of the past six decades, as he saw them. He was the prized son of an Italian-born father and a mother whose parents emigrated from Italy shortly before her birth, worked their way into the middle class despite anti-Catholic prejudice and humiliating setbacks like evictions, and exacting big achievement demands of their children. But his family's values came under attack during the sixties and later when Alito was at Princeton as the Vietnam war raged, women demanded equality, and their brand of patriotism was devalued. The Federalist Society provided a safe space for Alito and those like him, and he moved fast up the judicial ladder to eventually land on the Supreme Court. There he has been aggressive in pushing the law in new, conservative directions-from pushing for expanding rights for the religious conservatives, overturning affirmative action, extending the right to bear arms to thwart gun controls, and reducing the power of the Environmental Protection Agency. And finally-most crucial to his legacy-he was the author of Dobbs v. Jackson, bringing the conservative legal movement full circle in overruling Roe v. Wade. His ethnic and religious background, his intellectual confidence, and his unyielding determination are all illustrative of a group of men and women who, beset by grievance, embarked on a decades-long mission to change the rules that govern society.

Sam Alito and the Triumph of the Conservative Legal Movement

Revenge for the Sixties

As the final volume of a three-volume set that critically examines typical civil cases in China, this book focuses on resolving conflicts between outdated laws and an advancing society.

Lagging Law and Advancing Society

Chinese Civil Adjudications III

Examensarbeit aus dem Jahr 2024 im Fachbereich Jura - Öffentliches Recht / Staatsrecht / Grundrechte, Note: 15 Punkte, Universität Leipzig (juristische Fakultät), Veranstaltung: Seminar, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit stehen die BVerfGE 2, 1 und BVerfGE 5, 85 als Leitentscheidungen zum Parteiverbot aus den Gründungsjahren der bundesrepublikanischen Demokratie. Diese bilden bis heute den einzigen rechtsgeschichtlichen Vergleichspunkt für einen Verbotsausspruch und sind so angesichts gegenwärtiger hitziger Diskussionen über eine mögliche  Verfassungswidrigkeit der AfD von höchster Bedeutung. Zugleich wird eine Untersuchung der Weiterentwicklung der Rechtsprechung in BVerfGE 144, 20 vorgenommen, um feststellen zu können, welche Bedeutung den in den Leitentscheidungen aufgestellten Grundsätzen für künftige Parteiverbote zukommen kann. 

Annabell Clemen

Das Parteiverbot nach Art. 21 Abs. 2 GG. Historische Leitentscheidungen und aktuelle Relevanz

Telling the crucial and under-studied story of the U.S. legal doctrines that underpin the dispossession and domination of Indigenous peoples, this book enhances global Indigenous movements for self-determination. In this wide-ranging historical study of federal Indian law-the field of U.S. law related to Native peoples-attorney and educator Peter P. d'Errico argues that the U.S. government's assertion of absolute prerogative and unlimited authority over Native peoples and their lands is actually a suspension of law. Combining a deep theoretical analysis of the law with a historical examination of its roots in Christian civilization, d'Errico presents a close reading of foundational legal cases and raises the possibility of revoking the doctrine of domination. The book's larger context is the increasing frequency of Indigenous conflicts with nation-states around the world as ecological crises caused by industrial extraction impinge drastically on Indigenous peoples' existences. D'Errico rethinks the role of law in the global order-imagining an Indigenous nomos of the earth, an order arising from peoples and places rather than the existing hegemony of states.

The Legal Entrapment of Indigenous Peoples

Federal Anti-Indian Law

 Anonymous

Geschlechtergerechte Sprache in der öffentlichen Verwaltung. Verfassungsrechtliche Gebotenheit und praktische Grenzen

This book examines the history, theories and legal principles underpinning the rules and practice of civil litigation in England and Wales. English civil procedure has been the object of renewed interest in the last 20 years since Lord Woolf proposed and implemented reforms of the civil justice system on a scale unequalled since the mid-19th century. Focusing on the overarching theoretical framework of civil procedure, this book provides a rigorous contextual analysis of the rules and practice of civil litigation in England and Wales and identifies the applicable rule of process and its rationale and connection to these rules and determines the scope of judicial discretion and regulatory flexibility. Chapter 1 sets out the core themes of the work, Chapter 2 provides the important historical background to modern English rules of court. Chapter 3 focuses on the rules of court as addressed to and concerning the litigant. This chapter therefore presents the 'fundamental principles' as the 'promises' by the state to litigants, that their rights will be enforced. It addresses the nature of a civil lawsuit and of the right to sue itself, whether private, that is, part of the litigant's "estate" either directly or as an extension of his other property at stake, or public, as the forum for the determination of the substantive law albeit in an individualized context. This also includes a discussion of the need for - or existence of, in all but name - separation between civil and administrative adjudication. Chapter 4 identifies the current theories of justice determining the function of the civil court in English law and their application to discrete moments of litigation but from the perspective of the way in which the judges conducting the litigation have their role and power reflected and amplified in the rules. Chapters 5 and 6 addresses the nature of the result of litigation, primarily the judgment (but also other types of final adjudicative decisions) and its characters, and the possibilities and nature of appeals in the current system. Chapter 7 considers the result of litigation in the notoriously difficult and uneven area of enforcement of final judgments.

Public and Private Functions of the English Court

Civil Procedure

Global Challenges in the Environmental Humanities

Adopting a multidisciplinary approach to climate adjudication, this open access book addresses how adjudicators decide cases by considering the influence of psychology, philosophy, legal education, film, literature, political economy, political ecology, judicial appointments, history, and climate science on their decision-making and ultimately on the (inconsistent) outcomes in climate cases. Drawing upon the humanities, science of climate change and/or social sciences to identify extra-legal factors that may drive the decision-making processes and outcomes of climate cases, this book uses case studies from different jurisdictions across the globe, addressing climate cases decided or pending in Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin and North America, and Oceania. In all, the volume will: - Engage with extra-legal influence to how show judges and arbitrators make their decisions in climate cases, shedding light on the inconsistent responses that climate cases have generated so far - Challenge assumptions of legal universalism, by recognising differences in how the law works in various - Inform actors involved in climate litigation (lawyers, judges, arbitrators, disputants), policymakers, and the public about how cases are decided. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by the Universities of Cambridge, Newcastle and Oxford.

Exploring Extra-Legal Factors

Adjudicating Climate Change

Originalism and Judicial Discretion. A Critical Analysis of Constitutional Interpretation in the United States

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