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Aus der Reihe: e-fellows.net stipendiaten-wissen

Isabelle Bayreuther

Originalism and Judicial Discretion. A Critical Analysis of Constitutional Interpretation in the United States

This book examines the history, theories and legal principles underpinning the rules and practice of civil litigation in England and Wales. English civil procedure has been the object of renewed interest in the last 20 years since Lord Woolf proposed and implemented reforms of the civil justice system on a scale unequalled since the mid-19th century. Focusing on the overarching theoretical framework of civil procedure, this book provides a rigorous contextual analysis of the rules and practice of civil litigation in England and Wales and identifies the applicable rule of process and its rationale and connection to these rules and determines the scope of judicial discretion and regulatory flexibility. Chapter 1 sets out the core themes of the work, Chapter 2 provides the important historical background to modern English rules of court. Chapter 3 focuses on the rules of court as addressed to and concerning the litigant. This chapter therefore presents the 'fundamental principles' as the 'promises' by the state to litigants, that their rights will be enforced. It addresses the nature of a civil lawsuit and of the right to sue itself, whether private, that is, part of the litigant's "estate" either directly or as an extension of his other property at stake, or public, as the forum for the determination of the substantive law albeit in an individualized context. This also includes a discussion of the need for - or existence of, in all but name - separation between civil and administrative adjudication. Chapter 4 identifies the current theories of justice determining the function of the civil court in English law and their application to discrete moments of litigation but from the perspective of the way in which the judges conducting the litigation have their role and power reflected and amplified in the rules. Chapters 5 and 6 addresses the nature of the result of litigation, primarily the judgment (but also other types of final adjudicative decisions) and its characters, and the possibilities and nature of appeals in the current system. Chapter 7 considers the result of litigation in the notoriously difficult and uneven area of enforcement of final judgments.

Public and Private Functions of the English Court

Civil Procedure

Modern Studies in European Law

This book offers a comprehensive examination of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and its engagement with public international law. It explores how the Court has developed a flexible, context-dependent approach to international law, which seeks to balance the autonomy of the EU legal order with the necessity of recognising and integrating international legal principles. Rather than focusing on landmark cases, the book analyses the CJEU's jurisprudence thematically, exploring the various ways the Court encounters and engages with international law. These include the use of international law as a source and inspiration of EU law, as a method of challenging the validity of EU law, and as method of interpretation. The book goes beyond analysis of the judgments and explores the broader context in which the Court navigates its relationship with international law. It examines the circumstances under which the Court establishes barriers around the EU legal order, such as when it develops the principle of autonomy, and when it builds bridges with the international legal order, such as when it seeks to engage with and develop international law principles. This book will be of interest to scholars, practitioners, and students focused on the intersections of EU law and public international law, contributing to ongoing debates about legal pluralism and the evolving dynamics of intersecting legal frameworks.

The Court of Justice of the EU and Public International Law

New York Times Editor's Choice"Biskupic, an accomplished and well-sourced journalist, knows the court as well as anyone now covering it... In her new book Biskupic has done something different and a good deal harder. She has written a group narrative that combines close accounts of the court's public business in the Trump years with a history of its private dramas and conflicts... The deeper message of 'Nine Black Robes' is that even with a new president in office we remain captive to the Age of Trump... A quiet urgency ripples through this informative, briskly paced and gracefully written book." —New York Times Book Review "Biskupic opens a window onto the opaque, insular world of the justices to show an institution sinking gradually into crisis . . . Biskupic is a longtime chronicler of the court, and "Nine Black Robes" puts on display her connections within its chambers." —Washington Post"[Biskupic] knows how to make news and illuminate the personalities atop the judicial org chart . . . The book reveals unseen sausage-making . . ." —Wall Street Journal"Fascinating and informative . . . [Biskupic's] long experience covering the court . . . has put her in an incomparable position to comment on its make-up, historical positions and direction. It has also made her privy to many significant, little-known secrets about Supreme Court personalities and their historical behaviors." —The National Book ReviewCNN Senior Supreme Court Analyst Joan Biskupic provides an urgent and inside look at the history-making era in the Supreme Court during the Trump and post-Trump years, from its seismic shift to the Right to its controversial decisions, including its reversal of Roe v. Wade, based on access to all the key players.Nine Black Robes displays the inner maneuverings among the Supreme Court justices that led to the seismic reversal of Roe v. Wade and a half century of women’s abortion rights. Biskupic details how rights are stripped away or, alternatively as in the case of gun owners, how rights are expanded. Today’s bench—with its conservative majority—is desperately ideological. The Court has been headed rightward and ensnared by its own intrigues for years, but the Trump appointments hastened the modern transformation. With unparalleled access to key players, Biskupic shows the tactics of each justice and reveals switched votes and internal pacts that typically never make the light of day, yet will have repercussions for generations to come.Nine Black Robes is the definitive narrative of the country’s highest court and its profound impact on all Americans.

Inside the Supreme Court's Drive to the Right and Its Historic Consequences

Nine Black Robes

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2023 im Fachbereich Jura - Öffentliches Recht / Staatsrecht / Grundrechte, Note: Gut (13 Punkte), Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf (Juristische Fakultät), Veranstaltung: Grundrechtsentwicklung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Seminararbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Entwicklung der Wahlrechtsgleichheit und der damit verbundenen schrittweisen Verschärfung der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts.  Dazu wird ältere Literatur ab Beginn der 1950er-Jahre gezielt heutiger Literatur gegenübergestellt. Auch auf die Interpretation der WRV wird eingegangen. Beim Wandel der Auslegungsmaßstäbe findet zudem eine Betrachtung des historischen Kontextes statt.Dank der Debatte um das Wahlgesetz der Ampel-Koalition hat die Wahlrechtsgleichheit an öffentlicher Aufmerksamkeit gewonnen. Die Arbeit möchte die Entwicklung dieses grundrechtsgleichen Rechts in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland genauer betrachten. Der Prozess der schrittweisen Verschärfung der Rechtsprechung soll anhand dessen exemplarisch deutlich gemacht werden. Ohne einen Überblick über die Ausgestaltung des Wahlrechts in Preußen, damit verbunden dem Kaiserreich und der WRV lässt sich die moderne Ausprägung der Wahlrechtsgleichheit kaum nachvollziehen. Deshalb erfolgt zu Beginn eine historische Einordnung unter Berücksichtigung der Leitentscheidung des Staatsgerichtshofs zum preußischen Wahlrecht. Anschließend soll der Beratungsgang im Parlamentarischen Rat zu Art. 38 GG unter Würdigung des Einflusses Hermann von Mangoldts auf den Wortlaut dargestellt werden. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der Entwicklung in den 1950er-Jahren, sodass die Interpretation zu Beginn und zum Ende des Jahrzehnts herausgearbeitet und miteinander verglichen wird. Zuletzt stellt die Arbeit die Perspektive der 1950er-Jahre dem heutigen Verständnis der Wahlrechtsgleichheit gegenüber. Den Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bildet die Frage nach der Zulässigkeit und Ausgestaltung von Sperrklauseln. Aktuell bedeutsame Themen wie der – in den 1950er-Jahren kaum beachtete und erst seit Ende der 1980er-Jahre näher problematisierte – Einfluss von Überhangmandaten auf das Wahlergebnis werden dabei bewusst nur am Rande erwähnt. Methodisch erfolgt eine Auswertung der älteren Kommentare von Mangoldts bzw. Kleins und der heutigen herrschenden Literatur. Dabei gilt besondere Aufmerksamkeit der Auseinandersetzung mit der Rechtsprechung des BVerfG und einschlägiger Fachliteratur. Die Analyse der frühen Interpretation der Wahlrechtsgleichheit erfolgt unter Berücksichtigung der Verhältnisse in den 1950er-Jahren und dem persönlichen Lebensweg der Kommentarbearbeiter.

Ben Kaufhold

Die Verschärfung der Rechtsprechung zur Wahlrechtsgleichheit

Essay in the subject Law - Public Law / Constitutional Law / Basic Rights, , language: English, abstract: This article provides an overview of the rights of the LGBTQ+ community in the United States and Canada, exploring historical backgrounds, legislative frameworks, and case laws. It examines key issues such as marriage, adoption, military service, and equality laws, considering regional variations within both countries. Constitutional approaches to LGBTQ+ rights are analyzed, along with recommendations for future improvement. By highlighting concepts of equality and human rights, this paper aims to contribute to global discussions on LGBTQ+ rights and discrimination prevention.

Deepayan Acharya

Laws Governing LGBTQ+ Rights in the United States of America and Canada. An Analysis with Comparison

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2022 im Fachbereich Jura - Öffentliches Recht / Staatsrecht / Grundrechte, Note: 1,0, Universität zu Köln, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die vorliegende Arbeit beleuchtet zunächst wissenschaftlich das Phänomen des Lone Actor im Rechtsterrorismus anhand phänomenologischer und ätiologischer Faktoren, respektive des typischen Radikalisierungsprozesses. Überdies wagt der Autor den Versuch einer annähernden Erklärung, ob es sich hierbei tatsächlich um Einzeltäter handelt.Das Ziel dieser Arbeit liegt in der Schaffung eines praxisnahen Verständnisses des Lone-Actor-Phänomens im Rechtsterrorismus und der Beantwortung der Frage, ob das bisherige Verständnis des Begriffs des Einzeltäters in seiner Form und Ausprägung durch eine soziologische Betrachtungsweise zu einem erweiterten Verständnis führen kann. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei in der Darstellung und Problematisierung des Radikalisierungsprozesses von Lone Actor Terroristen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf das Potential des Radikalisierungsfaktors des World Wide Webs. Aufgrund der aktuellen und andauernden Gefährdungslage erfolgt die Bearbeitung mit Fokus auf den Rechtsterrorismus. Der Bereich des islamistischen Lone-Actor-Terrorismus ist nicht Bestandteil dieser Arbeit, wird jedoch an einigen Stellen als vergleichende Bezugsgröße mit angeführt. Die Betrachtung des Phänomens beschränkt sich auf den räumlichen Bereich westlicher Demokratien, da dort, auch unter Berücksichtigung der einschlägigen Studienlage, annähernd gleiche Bedingungen vorzufinden sind.

 Anonymous

Das Phänomen des Lone Actor im Rechtsterrorismus

With Congress paralyzed, lawmaking falls to executive agencies and courts that interpret existing statutes. Due to the so-called Chevron doctrine, courts generally defer to agencies. Thomas Merrill examines the immense consequences of the doctrine and the intense backlash, offering a new way to conceptualize the authority of agencies and courts.

Its Rise and Fall, and the Future of the Administrative State

The Chevron Doctrine

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2023 im Fachbereich Jura - Öffentliches Recht / Staatsrecht / Grundrechte, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Veranstaltung: Proseminar: Rechtskritik, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Diese Proseminararbeit im Seminar "Rechtskritik" untersucht die historische Entwicklung des Art. 18 Grundgesetz. Analysiert wird dabei die Auslegung des Begriffs der Grundrechtsverwirkung und es wird auf die rechtlichen Feinheiten eingegangen, die diesen Artikel prägen. Die Arbeit bietet eine gründliche Betrachtung und kritische Analyse dieses zentralen Instruments unserer wehrhaften Demokratie.Im Anschluss beschäftigt sich der Autor zunächst mit den Grundrechten an sich, gefolgt von einer genaueren Betrachtung von Art. 18. Dabei wird die systematische Stellung, der historische Kontext sowie die Wirkung und Bedeutung der Grundrechtsverwirkung für unsere Demokratie näher analysiert. Das Ziel der Arbeit ist dabei eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Art. 18 und seiner Auslegung.

Jakob Werling

Art. 18 GG: Die Verwirkung von Grundrechten

Living Signs of Law

The Communicational Theory of Law (CTL) is a successful synthesis of the hermeneutic and analytical postulates, proceeding under the assumption that Law is the heritage of jurists and can be enriched by a rational and systematic reconstruction of the legal order. CTL offers an original perspective on the classic tension between normativity and institutionality, between Legal Theory and Legal Sociology, helping readers rediscover the value of Theory of Law in terms of explaining and advancing a range of legal functions.

It wouldn’t be saying too much to claim that through CTL, the contributions of the European philosophy of law from the 19th and 20th centuries (jurisprudence of concepts, legal sociology, legal positivism, institutionalism, etc.) can be reclaimed and now coordinated from a communicational and philosophy of language perspective, offering us a complete and useful Theory of Law. CTL does not avoid the problem of the idea of justice; rather, it confronts it by distinguishing between the Theory of Justice and ambital justice. As such, readers are equipped to verify the originality of the Theory of Legal Decision in the CTL framework and, thus, will find new tools for critically assessing the performance of courts and public authorities.

This book details the epistemological presuppositions on which CTL is built, but also offers new lines of critical development, which reflect CTL’s theoretical and philosophical potential. In the studies presented here, readers will find original answers to classic problems of the Theory of Law, together with examples of CTL’s practical application to the great challenges of our time, such as interculturalism, legal AI, populist demagogy, the transparency of public powers, etc. – all without forgetting the challenges of the future of Law.

Pragmatism and Rhetoric in the Theory of Legal Decision Making

Law as Communication

Der Präventivgewahrsam in Bayern. Rechtliche Grundlagen, Voraussetzungen und Kritik an der Verhältnismäßigkeit

Despite 15 years of reform efforts, the incarceration rate in the United States remains unprecedentedly high. This book provides the first comprehensive survey of these reforms and explains why they have proven to be ineffective.

After many decades of stability, the imprisonment rate in the United States quintupled between 1973 and 2003. Since then, nearly all states have adopted multiple reforms intended to reduce imprisonment, but the U.S. imprisonment rate has only decreased by a paltry 2 percent. Why have American sentencing reforms since 2000 been largely ineffective? Are tough mandatory minimum sentences for nonviolent drug offenders the primary reason our prisons are always full? This book offers a fascinating assessment of the wave of sentencing reforms adopted by dozens of states as well as changes at the federal level since 2000, identifying common themes among seemingly disparate changes in sentencing policy and highlighting recent reform efforts that have been more successful and may point the way forward for the nation as a whole.

In The Failed Promise of Sentencing Reform, Michael O'Hear exposes the myths that American prison sentencing reforms enacted in the 21st century have failed to have the expected effect because U.S. prisons are filled to capacity with nonviolent drug offenders as a result of the "war on drugs" or because of new laws that took away the discretion of judges and corrections officials. O'Hear then makes a convincing case for the real reasons sentencing reforms have come up short: because they exclude violent and sexual offenders, and because they rely on the discretion of officials who still have every incentive to be highly risk-averse. He also highlights how overlooking the well-being of offenders and their families in our consideration of sentencing reform has undermined efforts to effect real change.

The Failed Promise of Sentencing Reform

Law and Practical Reason

This open access book addresses a palpable, yet widely neglected, tension in legal discourse. In our everyday legal practices - whether taking place in a courtroom, classroom, law firm, or elsewhere - we routinely and unproblematically talk of the activities of creating and applying the law. However, when legal scholars have analysed this distinction in their theories (rather than simply assuming it), many have undermined it, if not dismissed it as untenable.

The book considers the relevance of distinguishing between law-creation and law-application and how this transcends the boundaries of jurisprudential enquiry. It argues that such a distinction is also a crucial component of political theory. For if there is no possibility of applying a legal rule that was created by a different institution at a previous moment in time, then our current constitutional-democratic frameworks are effectively empty vessels that conceal a power relationship between public authorities and citizens that is very different from the one on which constitutional democracy is grounded.

After problematising the most relevant objections in the literature, the book presents a comprehensive defence of the distinction between creation and application of law within the structure of constitutional democracy. It does so through an integrated jurisprudential methodology, which combines insights from different disciplines (including history, anthropology, political science, philosophy of language, and philosophy of action) while also casting new light on long-standing issues in public law, such as the role of legal discretion in the law-making process and the scope of the separation of powers doctrine.

The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.

From Creation to Application of Law

The Making of Constitutional Democracy

Originalism and Judicial Discretion. A Critical Analysis of Constitutional Interpretation in the United States

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