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Raff M: International Encyclopedia of
Comparative Law, Instalment 45

International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law, Instalment 45

This book challenges the near-universal acceptance of a US-style, Western constitutional paradigm as the best basis for comparative constitutional studies. It does so on three main grounds: anachronism, 'othering' and cultural specificity. Main pillars of 'convergent constitutional theory' are rooted in the revolutionary, late-eighteenth century - a lost world; constitutional arrangements that deviate from the paradigm are often branded as 'outliers' or even as not constitutional at all; and the foundations of the paradigm in liberal democracy give no space for other forms of constitutionalism. Whatever the attractions of convergent theory as a normative ideal of good government, for the purposes of understanding, analysing and explaining constitutional systems it is far from ideal. This book discusses and questions: convergent theory's weddedness to writing as the technology of constitution-making; its image of a constitution as fundamental law; its idea that a constitution expresses the 'sovereignty of the people'; its use of tripartite separation of powers as the basic principle of institutional design; its relative neglect of administrative law; its association of 'rights' with judicially enforceable bills of rights; and its obsession with a vaguely specified concept of 'democracy'. It makes suggestions for alternative, preferable methods of understanding, analysing and explaining constitutions, and governmental and constitutional systems.

The Distorting Lens of Convergent Constitutional Theory

Available open access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. This groundbreaking volume exposes the systematic violence embedded within the UK's asylum system as experienced by unaccompanied children and young people. Drawing on innovative participatory research methodology, the authors reveal how 'hostile environment' policies create devastating 'tipping points' that transform bureaucratic processes into acts of structural violence. Through rigorous legal analysis and compelling empirical evidence, this essential text challenges readers to confront the profound human cost of hostile immigration policy while offering concrete strategies for trauma-informed reform. It is an urgent call for systemic change that will resonate with academics, policy makers and practitioners across law, social work, migration studies and human rights.

Unaccompanied Young People's Experiences of and Responses to Seeking Protection in the UK

Asylum as Violence

Law, Policy and Practice

Housing Debt and Home Loss

This book is the first comprehensive academic treatment of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and employment rights, which has a global vocation demonstrated by having been ratified by 173 States since it was adopted in 1966. Workers' rights need protection and reinforcement. To achieve this aim, international human rights standards can play an important role. The ICESCR is the most important global UN instrument in this respect. It covers a wide range of employment rights, including the right to strike, and has global application. But it is not sufficiently developed and used, and national implementation often needs improvement. Part 1 of the book analyses general issues related to the Covenant, such as context, development, challenges, influences at the global and regional levels, interpretation and procedural elements. Part 2 deals with the specific provisions which are directly linked to the employment relation. The book is based on a thorough analysis, mainly, but not exclusively, of the case law of the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR), that is monitoring the national implementation of the Covenant. Together, the chapters in this book will empower academics and practitioners in labour law to find answers to relevant and practical problems in order to better enforce and improve workers' rights. The book is the result of a project by the 'Transnational Trade Union Rights' experts Network (TTUR), linked to the European Trade Union Institute (ETUI).

The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights and the Employment Relation

Electronic Transferable Records, Digital Identity and Trust Services

Uncitral Model Laws on Digital Trade

The U.S. Constitution is silent about a right to privacy, yet the Supreme Court determined in the 1965 reproductive rights case Griswold v. Connecticut, that such a right is inferred from the Bill of Rights. The reasoning in the landmark case hinged on an unexpected word – penumbra. The Court concluded, in other words, that the unmentioned right to privacy resides in the shadows of the amendments. But this was not the first time penumbral imagery was used in legal writings, and its broader cultural usage dates back much further. Jared Schroeder's The Penumbra Problem provides a much-needed – and quite colorful – social and cultural history of the term. The penumbra concept, it turns out, wasn't an accidental choice but instead a well-selected term with centuries of transnational history. Schroeder tells its story through two intertwining narratives: first, how the word penumbra transcended its oblique scientific origins to become a distinct cultural concept; and, second, the parallel story of its evolving use in legal thought. The book tracks back and forth in time, creating an unexpected lineage of people and works who became unwitting champions of the penumbra concept, including mathematician Johannes Kepler, feminist activist Estelle Griswold, British thinker Robert Hooke, and lexicographer Noah Webster. Pairing these stories with the writings of great legal thinkers such as Willam Douglas and Oliver Wendell Holmes, Schroeder is able to construct a kind of etymological love letter to this obscure concept. Not everyone has supported the privacy precedent, though, and it is no exaggeration to say that it is in danger today. Schroeder's clever, utterly unique history is, at its core, a call to redouble efforts to save the right to privacy. He argues that we must understand its ponderous, indeed uncertain, origins to fully appreciate the precarity in which it exists today, and only then can we adequately fight for it.

The Rise and Fall of the Little-Known Word That Protects Our Privacy

The Penumbra Problem

This is the second part of a 2-volume set which presents an in-depth investigation into the canon of constitutionally conforming interpretation. This second volume builds upon the insights of the first volume, which includes national reports on the use of constitutional interpretation. In Volume 2, the analysis is extended beyond the national context, discussing its application in the supranational and international contexts, including in EU law and the domestic use of international law. It presents several critical perspectives, challenging the legitimacy of constitutionally conforming interpretation, and looks at the invisible constitution, constitutional amendments, and the impact of legalism. The volume is rounded off by three comparative analyses, which formulate universally applicable insights. Together with Volume 1, this book fills an important gap in legal scholarship and sets the stage for cross-national discourse on this critical legal method.

Volume 2: Connections and Analysis

Constitutionally Conforming Interpretation - Comparative Perspectives

This book offers the first ever in-depth analysis of the emerging constitutionalism in South Sudan and the challenges it faces. The book critically analyses the constitution-making processes that occurred in South Sudan between 2005 and 2011, finding, among other things, that there was a failure of constitutional discourse, particularly in relation to the 2011 drafting process of the Transitional Constitution. It goes on to analyse how the constitution is being implemented. It finds that, despite the clear division of powers and functions between the national government and the sub-national governments, what has emerged in South Sudan in the post-constitution-making period is a form of coercive centralism where the national government controls much of the political decision-making process. This has had serious implications for democracy, constitutionalism, and the rule of law. Finally, bearing in mind the failure in both how the transitional constitution was made and how it is being implemented, the book undertakes a critical analysis of the proposed process for drafting a new constitution for South Sudan. It identifies serious shortcomings and proposes how these could be addressed to enhance the process.

Challenges and Opportunities

Emerging Constitutionalism in South Sudan

Anthem Environment and Sustainability Initiative

This book considers the value of constitutional environmental rights in protecting water resources through an examination of the legal strategies utilized by communities engaged in protracted mining conflicts, including oil sands development in the Canadian boreal forest and gold mining in ecologically sensitive, glacier-rich areas of Argentina.

International Encyclopedia of Comparative Law, Instalment 45

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