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Reuben Madava

Housing Rent Dynamics in Voi Town and its Environs

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Umweltökonomie, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Poor solid waste management systems from urban municipal dumpsites into surface and sub-surface water sources can be harmful to the urban population who use these water sources. Gradual accumulations of contaminants in the water sources can result in high loads of pollutants that are potentially toxic to the users. In Mizan Aman town river Gechab, Cosakol, Shonga, petrous, and nimbus Rivers are drain through the town and inter into water supply dam. This study was conducted from December 2020 to April 2021, per day Solid waste generated 66% was degradable and 34% non-degradable solid waste.Water samples were collected from wells and the surface water during both at dry and rainy seasons. Electrical conductivity, total hardness, TDS, fluoride, Zinc, manganese, dissolved nitrate iron, phosphate all were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Faecal coliforms, total coliforms were determined by the membrane filtration method. The Physic-chemical parameters and biological parameters are measured from streams, wells and at water tap which shows other than the pH, temperature, Electrical conductivity, total hardness, TDS, iron, fluoride odor, and taste, all other concentration values are exceeded the Ethiopia minister of water and irrigation for drinking water and WHO guideline at wet season this was due to runoff at rain season and causes the water body was to polluted.

Gera Barnbas

Municipal Solid Waste Generation. Composition and Effects of Dumping Site on Water Quality at Mizan-Aman Town

Chapter 1 takes a close look at two types of heterogeneous investors (momentum and disposition) to form a unique difference model, to interpret housing price dynamics. Three parameters are crucial, namely, auto-correlation, the rate of mean reversion and the contemporaneous adjustment towards long-term equilibrium price. The key implication is that the 2006 boom of the Singapore private housing market does not offer as large a magnitude as that from the price gain in the 1990’s boom-and-recovery over the long-term. Singapore’s private housing market is low risk, offering stable returns owing to virtually no divergence even in the speculative 1990s. The best way to invest is to consider the momentum strategy and avoid the herd behaviour for profit sustainability. For policy makers, the Singapore private housing market is over-damped in the long run.Chapter 2 adopts game theory to look at the private residential development oligopolistic market; the determination of residential development sale prices in an uncertain market and under incomplete information of competing developers; the dynamic interaction among developers; the time lags of the development project completion from project start; and the launching of the residential development for sale before completion and the residential development’s own capacity constraints. Developers tend to cooperate for long-term benefit, leading to a sales slowdown. Relatively high profits, earnable in the first few periods, provide an allowance to price undercut others, to sell much faster. First-mover advantage in a new market is evident. As uncertainty rises, prices decrease while price variability increases.Chapter 3 looks at the institutional nature of legal origin and the total returns (TRs), derived from investing in a country’s direct real estate, and via the adoption of a multi-factor arbitrage pricing theory (APT) model. The 1st and 4th order autoregressive model is adopted to de-smooth the TRs. De-smoothed data is used in conjunction with 2 macroeconomic variables (real GDP growth rate and interest rate) and 1 real estate risk factor (vacancy rate) to form the multi-factor structural model. A pooled panel analysis is conducted with the law-system dummies, denoting British legal origin and French legal origin, and the factor loadings (i.e. the sensitivity of the risk factor to the TRs). Macroeconomic and real estate risk factors in equilibrium affect the TRs. Vacancy rate commands high and significant risk premium owing to its direct impact on the TRs, relative to GDP growth rate and interest rate.Chapter 4 is concerned with the real estate mezzanine investment (REMI), a new financial instrument for Asia’s real estate market, and examines the REMI structure, the measurement and characteristics of its risks and returns via a forward-looking binomial asset tree (BAT) model. Risk neutral pricing probability is adopted. REMI bears more risk than typical commercial bank loans, resulting in higher interest rates than pure equity. Different risk issues focus on two major sources - the financial loan to value (LTV) ratio risk and the real estate and capital markets risk. Chapter 4 fulfils the need to close the gap concerning the REMI structure and performance in the steady state, utilizing reliable, authoritative information and data sources. Lastly, Chapter 5 offers this book’s conclusion.

Kim Hin David HO

The Versatility of the Real Estate Asset Class -  the Singapore Experience

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 2,7, LMU Munich (Volkswirtschaftslehre), language: English, abstract: This e-book is not just a thesis; it's a comprehensive guide for anyone seeking to comprehend the complex interplay between Brexit and Foreign Direct Investment. Whether you're an academic, a business professional, or an individual with a keen interest in economic trends, "The impact of Brexit on the Foreign direct Investment" offers valuable insights that transcend disciplines, making it an essential addition to your digital library. Order your copy today and equip yourself with the knowledge to navigate the evolving economic landscape shaped by Brexit. The Referendum in 2016 which led to the Brexit was a game-changing event for both politics and the economy in Great Britain and the European Union. For the first time ever in history, a country decided to leave the EU. From the beginning it was clear that this decision would have both political and economic consequences. The UK was the second-largest economy in the EU and a very important location for the financial sector. The city of London is one of the largest business areas in total Europe. Before the referendum in 2016, many experts were concerned about the consequences of a “leave”-vote. George Osborne, the british minister of finance warned that the Brexit will cost every household 4300 pounds per year. According to the financial times, the GDP in the year 2030 would be six percent lower if they leave the European union, under the condition of a trade agreement between the two partners. This Bachelor´s thesis will focus on the impact of Brexit on the foreign direct investment in the UK and the consequences for example on the job market. The first part will be the summary of the working paper. “The Influence of Brexit on the Foreign direct Investment Projects and Inflows in the United Kingdom”, that was written by Mihaela Simionescu and was provided in cooperation with the Global labour Organization (GLO).

The Impact of Brexit on the Foreign Direct Investment in the UK

Essay from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 14, , language: English, abstract: This paper will focus on the impact of domestic interest rate and political instability on FDI of Pakistan using time series data from 1989-2019 in case of Pakistan.The findings are that political instability has a major impact for short time period and in long time period but in case of interest rate there is a negative minimal impact on FDI in both span of time. This can be because when you have lower nominal interest rate, thenyour domestic investor will benefit and country GDP will rise.

Asif Hussain

The Impact of Political Instability and Nominal Interest Rate on Foreign Direct Investment. The Case of Pakistan

Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Fallstudien, Länderstudien, Note: 1,0, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit dem aktuellen Stand des Carsharings. Durch die steigende Angebotsvielfalt ist Carsharing zu einer attraktiven Alternative zum eigenen PKW geworden. Das Carsharing kann in das stationsbasierte, free-floating, kombinierte, private und One-Way Carsharing unterteilt werden. Sowohl der Beitrag zum Umweltschutz als auch die Förderung der Elektromobilität, können beim Carsharing eine Rolle spielen.Auf Grundlage einer systematischen Literaturanalyse, wird zunächst die Sharing Economy definiert, die grundlegenden Geschäftsmodelle genannt und Beispiele der einzelnen Kategorien der Sharing Economy gegeben. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über das Carsharing. Dafür werden die verschiedenen Arten des Carsharings, sowie die aktuellen Carsharing Angebote in den USA, in China und in Deutschland dargestellt.Außerdem wird auf die Motive und Einflussfaktoren, zur Nutzung von Carsharing, sowie zukünftige Entwicklungen im Carsharing eingegangen. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, den aktuellen Stand des Carsharings kritisch und objektiv zu betrachten.

Ralph Neubauer

Carsharing und Sharing Economy. Aktuelle Angebote, Motive sowie Einflussfaktoren für die Nutzung

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich VWL - Fallstudien, Länderstudien, Note: 1,3, Hochschule Heilbronn Technik Wirtschaft Informatik, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Hausarbeit stellt einen volkswirtschaftlichen Vergleich der Finanzmarkt- und der Coronakrise in den USA an. Hierzu werden zunächst die US-amerikanische Volkswirtschaft sowie die beiden Krisen charakterisiert, um dann die Entwicklung relevanter ökonomischer Größen, der Aktienmärkte und wirtschaftspolitischer Maßnahmen gegenüberzustellen.

Louis Steinfeld

Vergleich der Corona- und Finanzmarktkrise am Beispiel USA

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2017 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,7, University of Constance, language: English, abstract: This paper first introduces different inventions with their historical background in the period from 1870 to 1940, comparing the necessity of the different topics in different periods from 1940 till now. Afterwards, this papers conducts the analyses, explaining the growth in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Last but not the least, the economic and social benefits of different inventions are explained widely. At its end, this paper shows that some inventions like autonomous cars or a futuristic transportation system can give the economy a boost or increase life expectancy. With the smart house, in which life is more convenient, the difference between the past and the future would become visible.Human existence changed dramatically after the Civil War in the United States. However, thanks to a number of ‘Great Inventions’ in particular, electricity and the internal combustion engine life began to improve exponentially. Housing became more comfortable when tied to systems of heat and sewage. Life changed dramatically after innovations that affected housing for instance, indoor plumbing, running water, and sewers. Other life-changing innovations like automobiles, electricity, the airplane, the telephone and many others also helped increase the standards of living in America, but such a phenomenon could have occurred only once.Inventions lead to incredible growth, but this cannot be continuous. When consumption is fully exhausted, only new inventions can lead to new growth trajectories. Once an invention has been made, it does not mean that it leads to automatic growth.Invention must be adjusted over a time, and this process leads to steady growth over a decade or a long period of time. During the period from 1870 to 1940, the change in growth rates was incredible. Till 1870, houses were isolated, but by 1940, they were connected to five important systems, viz., water, gas, telephone, electricity, and possibly the most important one—sewage. While analysing different types of inventions, it must be said that Gordon (2016) could be right with his predictions that growth is almost over.

Ali Yavuncu

An Explanatory Approach in Developments of Housing, Mobility and Entertainment and their Impact to the GDP and TFP

Is the Economic Growth of America Almost Over?

Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, Addis Ababa University (College of Business and Economics), course: DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT  MANAGEMENT, language: English, abstract: In recent years, the concept of e-governance has flourished rapidly with the advancement of Information and Communication Technology. The general objective of the study is to assess the Prospects and Challenges of E-Governance in Public Service Delivery in the Case of Fitche Town Land Administration, North Shoa Zone, Oromia Regional State.The study employs a descriptive type of research design to describe the prospects and challenges of e-governance in Fitche town land administration. This study combines both a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach. The target population of the study is both the customer and employees of land administration in Fitche town. The researcher randomly selects 70 service receivers who are convenient and 42 or all number of employees in the sector. Generally, 112 participants are applied to this study from both employees and customers of the sector. The data collected from participants of the study were analyzed through descriptive statistical methods such as frequency and percentage. The study revealed that e-governance is a new concept and infant ages in the public service delivery, especially in the Fiche town land administration sector. It reveals that there is a low status of e-governance in the sector. Even if e-governance is on the infant age in the sector it gives many contributions in service delivery in the sector like save time, reduce bribery, increase transparency and accountability in the sector. The research found that infrastructure like internet access was the major significant challenging issue in the success of e-governance system in the sector and Lack of training was also one of the main obstacles to success in e-governance in the selected sector. Therefore, the study recommended that the sector should mainly focus on the clarity in terminology is important, not just to academics. It is also important for politicians and others engaged in the development of public policy on the utilization of ICT in government, and also pieces of training are important for the success of e-governance in the land administration sector.

Tesfu Eba

The Prospects and Challenges of E-Governance in Public Service Delivery. The Case of the Fitche Town Land Administration

Berliner Schriften zur Stadt- und Regionalplanung

&lt;p&gt;Die Versorgung der Bevölkerung mit bezahlbarem Wohnraum stellt für Kommunen eine Herausforderung dar. Viele Städte und Gemeinden haben kooperative Baulandmodelle eingeführt, durch die der Vorhabenträger an den Kosten und Lasten der Wohnbaulandentwicklung beteiligt wird und sich dazu verpflichtet, sozial geförderten Wohnraum zu errichten. Die Arbeit zeigt mögliche Regelungsinhalte von städtebaulichen Verträgen auf und untersucht deren rechtliche Grenzen. Zudem wird das neue Instrument des sektoralen Bebauungsplans zur Wohnraumversorgung beleuchtet und dessen Einfluss auf die Entstehung bezahlbaren Wohnraums. Die Arbeit adressiert Mitarbeitende der Bau- und Rechtsämter der Kommunen, Rechtsanwälte sowie Vertreter von Planungsbüros.&lt;/p&gt;

Maike Hölscher

Rechtliche Grundlagen und Grenzen

Sozialgerechte Bodennutzung durch kooperative Baulandmodelle

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2016 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, Addis Ababa University, course: economics, language: English, abstract: The main objective of the study is to see overall contribution of tourism to the Ethiopian economy. Specifically: Tourism contribution to the GDP of the country, Tourism contribution to employment, Tourism contribution to foreign exchange generation, To examine the causal effect of tourism on economic growth. Furthermore this research is to investigate the contribution of tourism for the Ethiopian economy over the year 2004-2014 for descriptive and 1991-2014 for econometrics. Graphs, table and, percent and Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Approach to Co-integration and Error Correction Model are applied in order to investigate the long-run effect of tourism receipt on economic growth. Specifically this research assessed the impact of tourism on GDP, employment, foreign exchange earnings, and economic growth. The result shows tourism positive contribution to GDP, employment, foreign exchange earnings and stable relationship between tourism receipt and economic growth. The empirical result reveals that tourism receipt found to have positive impact on economic growth. So the government and citizens should strive to improve tourism industry and to generate more income especially foreign exchange.According to WTO, tourism is a combination of activities travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one year for leisure, business and other activities. It is beyond the common perception of tourism as being limited to holiday activity. The WTO further explains that tourism refers to all activities of visitors including both tourist (overnight visitors) and same day visitors. This definition was adopted by UK government and WTO used it since 2004.Tourism developed many years back when people travel from one place to another place for different purpose. Human beings have been active travelers for the purpose of hunting and gathering, herding animals in small groups that provided them with food, skin for cloth and bones for making different tools.

Molla Dessie

The contribution of tourism to the Ethiopian economy and its impact on the GDP

Seminar paper from the year 2022 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 1,3, University of Applied Sciences Emden/Leer, language: English, abstract: The subject of this assignment is the Chinese economy and the focus is on the extraordinarily rapid growth of it. How could China, with the largest population on earth and its equally diverse population, go from being an emerging economy with an average income of 54 US dollars per year, to the economic power it is today? First, the country will be presented as such, then we consider the economic growth and the sectors. In the third chapter, we focus on the reforms, their impact on the people and the economy. Then, in the next chapter, we will deal with the energy and resources. China's influence in Africa is dealt with in the fifth chapter and the "One Belt One Road" initiative follows in the sixth chapter. Finally, there is a summary with an outlook on the future of China and the global economy.Das Thema dieser Arbeit ist die chinesische Wirtschaft, und der Schwerpunkt liegt auf dem außerordentlich schnellen Wachstum dieser Wirtschaft. Wie konnte sich China mit der größten Bevölkerung der Erde und seiner ebenso vielfältigen Bevölkerung von einem Schwellenland mit einem Durchschnittseinkommen von 54 US-Dollar pro Jahr zu der Wirtschaftsmacht entwickeln, die es heute ist? Zunächst wird das Land als solches vorgestellt, dann betrachten wir das Wirtschaftswachstum und die Sektoren. Im dritten Kapitel konzentrieren wir uns auf die Reformen und ihre Auswirkungen auf die Menschen und die Wirtschaft. Im nächsten Kapitel geht es dann um Energie und Ressourcen. Chinas Einfluss in Afrika wird im fünften Kapitel behandelt und die "One Belt One Road"-Initiative folgt im sechsten Kapitel. Abschließend gibt es eine Zusammenfassung mit einem Ausblick auf die Zukunft Chinas und der Weltwirtschaft.

Chinese Economy and its Rapid Growth

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2020 im Fachbereich VWL - Fallstudien, Länderstudien, , Veranstaltung: Economic History of Russia and Eurasia, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Warum ist Economics of shortage ein sowjetisches Phänomen? Diese Hausarbeit, im Rahmen des Seminars „Economic History of Russia and Eurasia“, befasst sich mit dem Thema Economics of shortage. Es geht um die sowjetische Planwirtschaft. Zeitlich gesehen befindet sich das Phänomen sozialistische Planwirtschaft in der Ära des Kalten Krieges, der zwischen den USA und der Sowjetunion ausgefochten wurde. Im Westen sind die USA der Leitstaat. Die Sowjetunion bildet im Ostblock den Leitstaat und dient als solcher bei dem Wirtschaftssystem der weiteren Staaten des sozialistischen Lagers. Der Fokus dieser Hausarbeit wird aber auf den negativen Eigenschaften der sowjetischen Planwirtschaft liegen. Diese Hausarbeit beinhaltet eine empirische Analyse auf der Basis von Texten. Die abhängige Variable der Hausarbeit ist somit Economics of shortage. Zu den unabhängigen Variablen zählen die Produktion der Konsumgüter und Güter der Schwerindustrie, sowie das GDP per head in der sozialistischen Planwirtschaft. Die Hypothesen der Hausarbeit lauten: Economics of shortage entstand im Sozialismus und ist ein sowjetisches Phänomen. Das Budget war für die Schwerindustrie zu groß und es mangelte an Geld für die anderen Industrien, wie der Ölwirtschaft. Dieses wird durch die Produktionszahlen-, in Mio. Tonnen verdeutlicht. Der Untersuchungszeitraum umfasst die Phase der Existenz der Sowjetunion. Diese wurde 1922 gegründet und zerfiel im Jahr 1991. Weltgeschichtlich spielt die Sowjetunion im Kalten Krieg, der nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg einsetzte, eine Rolle. Diese Hausarbeit stellt eine empirische Analyse dar. Die erste Hypothese besagt, dass es sich bei der die sowjetischen Ökonomie um eine ressourcenabhängige Wirtschaft handelt. Die zweite Hypothese beinhaltet, dass Economics of shortage, die sowjetische Misswirtschaft, durch das Übergewicht der Schwerindustrie entsteht.  Die Hausarbeit beschreibt nach der Einleitung zunächst die Planwirtschaft als Wirtschaftssystem, die das Gegenteil des kapitalistischen Wirtschaftssystems in der Ära des Kalten Krieges war. Das nächste Kapitel befasst sich mit dem Scherpunkt der Hausarbeit, mit Economics of shortage. Es folgen die Auswertung, Literaturliste und Selbstständigkeitserklärung. Damit leitet die Hausarbeit zur Planwirtschaft über.

Daniela Köhler

Economics of shortage. Die sowjetische Misswirtschaft

Housing Rent Dynamics in Voi Town and its Environs

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