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Thomas Jefferson

Zenith Golden Quill

Declaration of Independence

Thomas Jefferson's Founding Statement of American Freedom and Equality

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2007 im Fachbereich Jura - Zivilrecht / Handelsrecht, Gesellschaftsrecht, Kartellrecht, Wirtschaftsrecht, Note: 1,0, Fachhochschule Trier - Hochschule für Wirtschaft, Technik und Gestaltung, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Kartellrecht schützt den Wettbewerb vor Einflüssen, das Urheberrecht dagegen bietet dem Urheber ein gesetzliches Monopol. Diese zwei Ziele, die unterschiedlicher nicht sein können, kollidieren insbesondere in Standardisierungsverfahren.In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die Kollisionsfaktoren anhand einer amerikanischen Entscheidung, Rambus Case genannt, dargestellt.

Anni Heimann

Kollision Urheberrecht vs. Kartellrecht

Der Fall Rambus in den USA - Standards vs. Kartellrecht

Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2014 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensführung, Management, Organisation, Note: 2.0, Fachhochschule Dortmund, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Wir leben in einer Zeit, in der die Landesgrenzen, sowohl für die Bevölkerung als auch für die Wirtschaft, immer bedeutungsloser geworden sind. Internationale Produkte sind aus der heutigen Gesellschaft kaum noch wegzudenken. Der Außenhandel gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung. Mittlerweile wollen zwei Drittel der bereits im Ausland tätigen Unternehmen ihre Auslandsaktivitäten weiter ausbauen. Der Export spielt dabei eine zentrale Rolle. Er ist ganz klar das bedeutendste Element für Unternehmen zur Ausbreitung der Geschäftsaktivitäten auf internationale Märkte. Im Jahr 2011 haben bereits 91 Prozent aller im Ausland tätigen deutschen Unternehmen Waren exportiert. Zudem ist der Schritt ins Ausland über eine Zusammenarbeit mit selbständigen Kooperationspartnern sowie eine Zusammenarbeit mit ausländischen Zulieferern und Produzenten sehr beliebt. Ungefähr ein Drittel der im Ausland tätigen deutschen Unternehmen arbeiten im internationalen Markt mit rechtlich selbständigen Tochterunternehmen, sowie mit eigenen Niederlassungen.Beliebtester Auslandsmarkt sind die westeuropäischen Länder. Weiterhin gewinnt der asiatische Markt zunehmend an Bedeutung für deutsche Unternehmen, dicht gefolgt von Russland und Osteuropa. Die USA sind mit knapp sieben Prozent Anteil am deutschen Export ebenso ein wichtiger Abnehmer und nach China der wichtigste Handelspartner für Deutschland außerhalb der EU.Hinter der Ausweitung der Geschäftsaktivitäten über die Landesgrenzen steckt bei den meisten Unternehmen eine konkrete Strategie, die zur Erreichung unterschiedlicher Ziele eingesetzt wird. Deutsche Unternehmen verfolgen unterschiedlichste Strategien um im internationalen Konkurrenzkampf bestehen zu können: von einem Massenanbieter mit einem aggressiven Kostensenkungsprogramm über einen Premiumanbieter mit einzigartigen Produkteigenschaften bis hin zu einem Nischenanbieter, der sich auf ein bestimmtes Marktsegment konzentriert.Internationalisierungsstrategien müssen bestimmten Anforderungen gerecht werden. Bei der Formulierung der  Strategien sollten die 5 Stoßrichtungen der Internationalisierung beachtet werden (Markeintritts- und Marktbearbeitungsstrategien, Timingstrategien, Koordinationsstrategien, Zielmarktstrategie, Allokationsstrategie). Auch die deutschen Sportartikelhersteller Adidas und Puma sind grenzüberschreitend tätig. Die Produktionen der beiden Unternehmen sind weltweit vertreten. Sowohl Puma als auch Adidas haben sich beinahe in ein virtuelles Unternehmen verwandelt.

Roy Wesche

Internationalisierungsstrategien am Beispiel von Adidas und Puma

Derivatives are everywhere in the modern world and it is important for everyone in banking, investment and finance to have a good understanding of the subject. &lt;i&gt;Derivatives Demystified&lt;/i&gt; provides a step-by-step guide to the subject, enabling the reader to have a solid, working understanding of key derivative products.  &lt;p&gt;Adopting a highly accessible approach, the author explains derivative products in straightforward terms and without the complex mathematics that underlie the subject, focusing on practical applications, case studies and examples of how the products are used to solve real-world problems. &lt;i&gt;Derivatives Demystified&lt;/i&gt; follows a sequence that is designed to show that, although there are many applications of derivatives, there are only a small number of basic building blocks, namely forwards and futures, swaps and options. The book shows how each building block is applied to different markets and to the solution of various risk management and trading problems.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This new edition will be fully revised to reflect the many changes the derivatives markets have seen over the last three years.  New material will include a comprehensive history of derivatives, leading up to their use and abuse in the current credit crisis.  It will also feature new chapters on regulation and control of derivatives, commodity derivatives, credit derivatives and structured products and new derivative markets including inflation linked and insurance linked products. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Derivatives Demystified&lt;/i&gt; is essential reading for everyone who operates in the financial markets or within the corporate environment who requires a good understanding of these important financial instruments.&lt;/p&gt;

Andrew M. Chisholm

A Step-by-Step Guide to Forwards, Futures, Swaps and Options

Derivatives Demystified

The Wiley Finance Series

Seminar paper from the year 2014 in the subject Leadership and Human Resources - Miscellaneous, grade: 1,7, Helmut Schmidt University - University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, course: Management of Human Ressources II, language: English, abstract: This study will at first take a look at the historical background especially emphasizing on the Civil Rights Movement which is an essential period for the African American people. Besides the bills which were passed during this period we also want to focus on the current legal situation concerning the discrimination of certain ethnic groups. In the second part we want to analyze the current labor market situation. How was the development of employment rates of the main ethnic groups in the last years and what is the current situation? Furthermore we have to take a look at the average income of the employees especially analyzing the differences between the main ethnic groups in the USA. In the last part of this chapter we will discuss the discrimination of the ethnic minorities concerning the access to executive positions. The last part of our study concentrates on the analysis of a certain organization to illustrate how diversity management can actually look like in practice. In this connection we will firstly analyze to what extent diversity management is spread in the USA and secondly have a look at the implementation of diversity management in the organizations of IBM and Google. Here we want to especially prioritize the African Americans.Finally we will draw a conclusion and refer to our hypothesis to proof which aspects of our hypothesis were shown to be true and which aspects were disproved. On the basis of this analysis we will see where academic voids have to be closed and where future academic projects have to put their emphasis.

Norman Groth

Marco Kampling

Equality at Work in the USA. The development and practical implementation of Diversity Management

Seminar paper from the year 2010 in the subject Law - Comparative Legal Systems, Comparative Law, grade: A+, Vanderbilt University (Law School), language: English, abstract: The “independent director” has become a centerpiece of modern corporate governance. However, the concept of “independence”, and the ability of independent directors to fulfill their roles, remains deeply problematical.In the course of the discussion on the proper role of independent directors that unfolded in Europe and the United States during the 1980s and 1990s and peaked in the wake of the Enron scandal, rules on director independence have found their way to the corporate governance regimes of developing countries that turned their head to western economies. Particularly in China and India, independent directors have taken their place on company boards, earning mixed responses from the academic and business community.What is the current state of Indian and Chinese rules on director independence? What tensions do they address and create? And what can be done to optimize the achievement of their objectives? The goal of this article is to examine the status quo of director independence in the two countries, to put the regulations into their historic and political context, to summarize practical experiences with the new institution, and to point to possible future developments.

Cornelius Bader

The Independent Director in China and India

&lt;b&gt;What people are saying about &lt;i&gt;Discount Business Strategy&lt;/i&gt;:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;p&gt;"Michael Andersen and Flemming Poulfelt provide a provocative discussion of the rapidly growing role of discounters across numerous industries: how they operate; how they create uniqueness; and how they can destroy value for incumbents. Understanding the specific moves and tools that the authors analyze will be valuable for attackers and incumbents alike."&lt;br /&gt; —&lt;b&gt;Adrian J. Slywotzky&lt;/b&gt;, Director, Mercer Management Consulting USA&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"This book is very timely, dealing with today's most critical strategic issue: how to provide more value to the consumer through aggressive discounting. Those players in manufacturing and distribution who master this will be the winners; many established firms will fall by the wayside. A similar set of issues are facing many nations today - Europe vs. Asia!"&lt;br /&gt; —&lt;b&gt;Peter Lorange&lt;/b&gt;, President, IMD, Switzerland&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"Andersen and Poulfelt have researched one of the most important themes in today's business world - how fundamentally new business models have wiped out establishments not with new products or technologies, but by creating new rules for conventional industries. Read this book and learn how to recognize the disruption of your industry before it is too late!"&lt;br /&gt; —&lt;b&gt;Sigurd Liljenfeld&lt;/b&gt;t, Senior Partner, Monitor Group, France&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"This book asks if a firm can have its cake and eat it too - that is, maintain high quality at low prices. My favourite example and shopping place is big box Costco. Ikea is another. A must read for a broad audience concerned about corporate survival!"&lt;br /&gt; —&lt;b&gt;Professor Larry E. Greiner&lt;/b&gt;, Marshall School of Business, University of Southern California, USA&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The aspiration to adopt the right strategy still prevails over the business world. But is there a single 'best' strategy for a company? Can an organization create sustainable competitive advantage from an 'off-the-peg' strategy? And are most companies likely to craft a strategy that genuinely creates uncontested market space and makes the competition irrelevant?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The answer to all these questions is probably 'No'. And the rising tide of companies like Dell, CostCo, Skype and Linux means that asking them at all may soon be futile. While strategists have foundered in old paradigms, a new breed of competitors has emerged. Value destroyers. Old-style thinking understood value destruction when it was confined to an industry and driven by a new product or technology. But what are the implications when the destruction stems from a new way of thinking - from a strategy that simultaneously creates value?&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The implications are enormous. Every company in every industry is potentially at risk.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;This risk - or opportunity - is precisely the reason for this book and its focus on exploring why and how some companies have bridged the gap between differentiator and cost leader strategies to emerge as winners in hypercompetitive markets, and what this entails in terms of value destruction and creation. Discounting organizations are here to stay - are you?&lt;/p&gt;

Michael Moesgaard Andersen

Flemming Poulfelt

How the New Market Leaders are Redefining Business Strategy

Discount Business Strategy

Master's Thesis from the year 2015 in the subject Law - Public Law / Constitutional Law / Basic Rights, University of Carthage (Faculty of Legal, Political and Social Sciences), course: Common Law, language: English, abstract: This master's thesis explains the dual banking system in the USA.The experience of a national bank similar to the British bank was the first step in the creation of the dual banking system in the United States of America, this latter system was enforced through history.The government felt the need to a national bank ―The First National Bank - because of some debt from a Revolutionary War, and due to the diversity of currency forms. Up to the time of the bank's charter, coins and bills were issued by state banks. Proposed by Alexander Hamilton, the Bank of the First United States was chartered for twenty years in 1791 to serve as a repository for federal funds and as the government‘s fiscal agent.The creation of a national bank seemed unconstitutional at that time for many members of the congress. They argued that such an institution would be implementing a monetary monopoly within the United States especially that one of the reasons of this creation is to unify the currency, which means that the National Bank will be the only authorized party that can issue money notes.As a private institution, shares were sold to private parties, and after few years of the creation of the bank, 70 percent of the shares were owned by foreigners. This fact was not strange to the American financial system, but politicians had worries about it. Thus, in 1811 after 20 years of the first charter, the re-chartering process failed and did not pass in the congress.The second relevant fact that enforced the dual banking system was the two national banking acts in 1863 and in 1864, The National Bank Acts were two United States federal laws that established a system of national charters for banks, the United States national banks.

Houssem Eddine Bahi

The Dual Banking System of the United States of America

&amp;apos;This book is an excellent explanation of why capitalism is not just successful, but morally right&amp;apos; Elon Musk&amp;apos;A joyful counterblast... packed with vivid examples... decisive&amp;apos; The Economist&amp;apos;Compelling... Masterful&amp;apos; Daily Mail&amp;apos;A timely reminder of the benefits of free and open trade&amp;apos; Financial TimesA vital exploration of capitalism and the benefits it brings to global society.Marx and Engels were right when they observed in The Communist Manifesto that free markets had in a short time created greater prosperity and more technological innovation than all previous generations combined. A century and a half later, all the evidence shows that capitalism has lifted millions from hunger and poverty.Nonetheless, today&amp;apos;s story about global capitalism, shared by right-wing and left-wing populists - and by large sections of the political and economic establishment - accepts that prosperity has been created, but says it ended up in far too few hands. This in turn has made it popular to talk about the global economy as a geopolitical zero-sum game, where we must fight to control new innovations, introduce trade barriers and renationalize supply chains. More generally, capitalism is also accused of fuelling glaring inequality, populist revolts, climate change and China&amp;apos;s global conquest.In this incisive and passionate investigation, Johan Norberg instead restates the case for capitalism and the vital role played by the free market in today&amp;apos;s uncertain world. Ultimately, he argues that a move away from global capitalism would not only squeeze the growth out of the economy but also deepen an already large social exclusion for the vulnerable - for the world&amp;apos;s poor, it would be a killing blow.

Johan Norberg

'An excellent explanation of why capitalism is not just successful, but morally right' ELON MUSK

The Capitalist Manifesto

Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2010 im Fachbereich BWL - Unternehmensführung, Management, Organisation, Note: 2, Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, ehem. Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: In meiner Bachelorarbeit beschäftige ich mich mit verschiedenen personalpolitischen Systemen in unterschiedlichen Wirtschaftsregionen. Meine Studienschwerpunkte liegen in Personal und Marketing. Durch das Pflichtpraktikum und meine jetzige berufliche Nebentätigkeit in einer Personalabteilung, entwickelte sich ein erweitertes Interesse an diesem Thema. Viele internationale wirtschaftliche Aspekte begleiteten das Studium und ermöglichten unterschiedliche Sichtweisen. Da die Personalpolitik nur wenig Berücksichtigung fand und meines Erachtens von hoher Wichtigkeit ist, möchte ich dieses Thema behandeln und mit meinen Recherchen aufzeigen, welche Unterschiede es gibt und welche Arbeitsbedingungen daraus resultieren. Dies möchte ich anhand von drei sehr konträren Ländern, Deutschland, den USA und Japan, veranschaulichen, angefangen von kulturellen und ökonomischen Rahmenbedingungen bis hin zu den Gewerkschaften in den einzelnen Ländern. Zudem führte ich zwei Interviews mit einer Personalleiterin eines deutschen Unternehmens und einem japanischkundigen Professor. Dadurch sollen tiefere Einblicke in die derzeitige Situation des Arbeitsmarktes und die dadurch entstehende Personalpolitik entstehen. Dazu habe ich mit Frau Nicole K., Personalleiterin in Frankfurt und Herrn Professor Juan Andô von der Heinrich Heine Universität in Düsseldorf (Institut für modernes Japan) zusammen gearbeitet. Daraus resultiert der Titel meiner Bachelorthesis: Vergleich personalwirtschaftlicher Aspekte unter Berücksichtung kultureller Unterschiede an ausgewählten Beispielen.

Tobias Ochs

Deutschland, Japan und den USA

Vergleich personalwirtschaftlicher Aspekte unter Berücksichtung kultureller Unterschiede an ausgewählten Beispielen

The publication of Alexis de Tocqueville’s &lt;i&gt;Democracy in America&lt;/i&gt; has kindled interest across disciplines to appraise the exceptional nature of U.S. activities. In general, however, all the published works have not focused their analyses from an economic point of view. While economics was for some a “dismal science” following Thomas Carlyle’s characterization of Malthus’ demographic model, it has increasingly become the “queen of the social sciences” for more practitioners. The book fills a gap in the literature by describing the American contributors as precursors and genuinely exceptional economists. We present their works within the state of the nation in which they advance their discipline.&lt;p&gt;One is treated to both qualitative and quantitative theories in the opening chapter. Budding theories that became established theories of Economics and Finance are investigated in Chapters II and III. &amp;nbsp;When President John Adams was confronted with M. Turgot’s criticisms of the American government, he resorted to a historic survey of types of government from ancient Greece to the Middle Ages. Similarly, we have included a final chapter, Chapter IV, to present the argument for American Exceptionalism in the domain of Political Economy and Economic Law over the ages.&lt;/p&gt;

Lall Ramrattan

Michael Szenberg

Economics, Finance, Political Economy, and Economic Laws

American Exceptionalism

Declaration of Independence

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