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Philosophy and Religion (R0)

Doris Schneeberger

Envisioning a Better Future for Nonhuman Animals

Towards Future Animal Rights Declarations

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1 About This Book&lt;/strong&gt;.- 1.1 How This Book Came into Existence.- 1.2 How This Book Contributes to the Literature.- 1.3 Who Might Find Value in This Book and How to Read This Book.- 1.4 How This Book is Structured.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;2 Preliminary Metareflections&lt;/strong&gt;.- 2.1 On the Language Used in This Book and on Language and Animal Ethics in General.- 2.2 Metaethics.- 2.3 Ethical Principles.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;3 Historic and Current Discussions about Nonhuman Animal Rights – Welfarism vs. Abolitionism, Utilitarianism, Deontological Positions, Feminist Animal Ethics, and the Political Turn.- 4 Technological Innovation(,) and Moral Progress&lt;/strong&gt;.- 4.1 From a Speciesist World to a Multispecies Society: How Technological Innovation Might Enable Moral Progress.- 4.2 Four Pillars of Nonhuman Animal Rights: Empathy, Justice, Inherent Value of Life, Knowledge.- 4.3 Moral Outrage and the Holocaust Analogy.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;5 Developing Declarations of Nonhuman Animal Rights&lt;/strong&gt;.- 5.1 Why Do We Need Declarations of Nonhuman Animal Rights and How Could We Develop Them?.- 5.2 The Historical Emergence of Human Animal Rights.- 5.3 What Animal Ethics Can Learn from Disability Studies.- 5.3.1 The Argument of Species Overlap&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;6 Central Concepts: Needs, Capabilities, Interests, and Rights&lt;/strong&gt;.- 6.1 Needs.- 6.2 Interests.- 6.3 Capabilities and Telos.- 6.3.1 Martha Nussbaum’s Capability Approach.- 6.4 Interference in the Needs, Capabilities, and Interests of Sentient Beings.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;7 Imagining a Just Multispecies Society - May All Beings Be Happy and Free of Suffering?.-8 Possible Future Universal Declarations of Nonhuman Animal Rights&lt;/strong&gt;.- 8.1 Overview of the Articles.- 8.2 Article 1: All Individuals are Born Free and Equal in Dignity and Rights – On the Dignity of (Non)Human Animals, the Value of Life.- 8.3 Article 2: The Right to Life.- 8.3.1 But what about Plants?.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;9 The Empirical Status Quo of the Right to Life (in Austria).- 10 Excursus: Norbert Hoerster, Nonhuman Animal Interests, and the Right to Life.- 11 Specific Rights in Nonhuman Animal Rights Declarations (Part 1)&lt;/strong&gt;.- 11.1 Article 3: Right to Freedom.- 11.2 Article 4: Right to Safety/Physical Integrity; Prohibition of Torture.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;12 Specific Rights in Nonhuman Animal Rights Declarations (Part 2)&lt;/strong&gt;.- 12.1 Article 5: Right to Recognition as a Person/(Legal) Subject Before the Law.- 12.1.1 Are There Nonhuman Animal Persons? The Concept of Personhood and its Ethical Relevance.- 12.1.2 The Great Ape Project by Cavalieri and Singer.- 12.1.3 Whale Rights.- 12.1.4 The Nonhuman Rights Project Around Steven M. Wise.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;13 Specific Rights in Nonhuman Animal Rights Declarations (Part 3)&lt;/strong&gt;.- 13.1 Article 6: Right to a Human Guardian, a Legal Remedy, and an Indirect Right of Legal Action.- 13.1.1 The Case of Mathias Hiasl Pan.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;14 Specific Rights in Nonhuman Animal Rights Declarations (Part 4)&lt;/strong&gt;.- 14.1 Article 7: Right to Love, Sexuality, Procreation, Pair-Building, Family, and Friendships.- 14.1.1 Right to Love, Sexuality, Procreation, Pair-Building, Family, and Friendships for Disabled Humans.- 14.1.2 Right to Love, Sexuality, Procreation, Pair-Building, Family, and Friendships for Nonhuman Animals.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;15 Specific Rights in Nonhuman Animal Rights Declarations (Part 5)&lt;/strong&gt;.- 15.1 Article 8: Right to Property: Ownership, Stewardship, or Burning Down the Forest?.- 15.2 But What About Wild Animal Suffering?.-&lt;strong&gt;16 Specific Rights in Nonhuman Animal Rights Declarations (Part 6)&lt;/strong&gt;.- 16.1 Article 9: Right to Macropolitical Consideration and Micro-Political Participation.- 16.1.1 Political Consideration in the Macropolis.- 16.1.2 Political Participation in the Micropolis.-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;17 Specific Rights in Nonhuman Animal Rights Declarations (Part 7)&lt;/strong&gt;.- 17.1 Article 10: Right to Education.- 17.2 Article 11: Right to Work.- 17.3 Article 12: Right to an Adequate Standard of Living and to Certain Social Benefits (Protection in Case of Unemployment and Disability, Entitlement to Pension).-&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;18 Conclusion and Outlook.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;


This book seeks answers to two basic questions: What are normative rules and how can and should we apply them? It takes a fresh look both at legal reasoning as a process and normative rules as instruments. On the one hand, based on a decision-making model, it suggests a more practical approach to rule application that isn’t limited to interpretation, but includes searching, evaluation and choice. On the other hand, it proposes a more precise structure for normative rules that includes not only their scope and normative consequences, but also their circumstances and purposes. It then goes on to study such features as their open- and mandatoriness as well as their generality, vagueness and ambiguity, and examines how these features impact the rules’ breadth and the discretion they offer in terms of their application. Lastly, it considers how these aspects affect rules’ validity, binding- and effectiveness. Because the application of normative rules requires a basis in evidence, the book also includes a discussion of fact-finding and points to some interesting similarities between the philosophies of law and science.&nbsp;

A Model for Normative and Empirical Reasoning

Practical Reasoning

Springer-Lehrbuch

Das nunmehr in zweiter Auflage vorliegende Buch gibt einen umfassenden Überblick über die zentralen Bereiche der deutschen Verfassungsgeschichte des gesamten 19. und des beginnenden 20. Jahrhunderts. Hierbei werden noch ausführlicher als in der ersten Auflage die staats- wie völkerrechtlichen Entwicklungen des Rheinbundes, des Deutschen Bundes, des Norddeutschen Bundes, des Kaiserreichs und Weimars ebenso beleuchtet und in ihrer verfassungshistorischen Bedeutung eingeordnet wie diejenigen in den jeweils maßgeblichen deutschen Einzelstaaten. Dieses gegenüber der ersten Auflage inhaltlich teilweise umgestaltete und ergänzte Werk wendet sich sowohl an Studierende der Rechts-, Geschichts- und Politikwissenschaften als auch an sonstige interessierte Leser. Es eignet sich nicht zuletzt für „Einsteiger“ in die genannten Disziplinen, für die hinreichende Kenntnisse des studienbezogenen Pflichtstoffs über die Entstehung und Entwicklung des zeitgenössischen deutschen Verfassungsrechts unabdingbar sind.

Band 2: Vom Rheinbund bis Weimar (1806 bis 1934)

Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte

Das auf mehrere Bande angelegte Werk prasentiert nahezu das gesamte deutsche Verfassungsrecht des Zeitraumes zwischen 1806 und 1918. Hiermit wird der sich gleichsam schrittweise vollziehende Ubergang von einem traditionell standischen oder gar furstlich-absolutistischen zu einem zumeist monarchisch-konstitutionellen System aufgearbeitet, dessen jaher Untergang schlielich in die nationalstaatlich-republikanisch gepragte demokratisch-parlamentarische Staatsform Weimars mundet. Mit dem Gesamtwerk steht dem Fachpublikum eine leicht zugangliche, bislang nicht gekannte Fulle von Dokumenten zur Verfugung, die fur die verfassungsrechtliche Entwicklung Deutschlands und seiner einzelnen Staaten von zentraler Bedeutung waren. Dabei wird groer Wert auf die authentische, d. h. buchstaben- und zeichengetreue Ubernahme der Texte gelegt. Dem jeweiligen Dokumententeil sind in jedem Band "Historische Einfuhrungen" vorangestellt. In diesem Rahmen werden an den einschlagigen Dokumenten orientierte (verfassungs-) rechtliche, zeitlich wie territorial ubergreifende entwicklungsgeschichtliche Darstellungen vorgenommen. In dem hier vorliegenden 3. Band werden erstmals uber 450 Verfassungsdokumente prasentiert, welche fur die verfassungsstaatliche Entwicklung des Groherzogtums Berg und des Herzogtums Braunschweig pragend waren. Begleitet wird diese Textedition durch eine ausfuhrliche historische Einfuhrung.

Eine Dokumentensammlung nebst Einführungen, 6. Band: Hamburg, Hannover und Hessen-Darmstadt

Deutsches Verfassungsrecht 1806 - 1918

History, System and Functions

The General Provisions of the Law of Obligations

Legal transplant in the Meiji Restoration gave birth to 
 Taishinin
 , which is the former of today’s Supreme Court of Japan, but the objective of it was not solely for legal justice at the beginning. 
 Taishinin
 ’s criminalization of corruption as an offense was out of both legal and non-legal factors. Law is often unclear and general because legislator cannot foresee all 
 modus operandi
 in future. Judges’ judicial decision-making and sentencing practices have space to interpret it with opinions, discretion, legal consciousness and innovation for an immediate legal effect of criminal justice on society. This book applies robust judicial behavior concept to analyze how 
 Taishinin
 ’s judicial behavior of such factors rationalized its rulings on corruption cases. This is not only a matter of transplanted “Western jacket” of Germanic Penal Code, but also departmental internal instructions, integrity standards and traditional legal consciousness of unwritten codes of conduct. The original findings of this book reveal that 
 Taishinin
 ’s judicial behavior in corruption cases was subject to many non-legal considerations, such as historical development of anticorruption law, traditional jurisprudential concepts, mission of and commitment to judicial role, values, judge appointment, judicial training and the political impacts of Ministry of Justice’s administration of judiciary.&nbsp;

Legal transplant in the Meiji Restoration gave birth to 
 Taishinin
 , which is the former of today’s Supreme Court of Japan, but the objective of it was not solely for legal justice at the beginning.&nbsp;
 Taishinin
 ’s criminalization of corruption as an offense was out of both legal and non-legal factors. Law is often unclear and general because legislator cannot foresee all 
 modus operandi
 in future. Judges’ judicial decision-making and sentencing practices have space to interpret it with opinions, discretion, legal consciousness and innovation for an immediate legal effect of criminal justice on society. This book applies robust judicial behavior concept to analyze how 
 Taishinin
 ’s judicial behavior of such factors rationalized its rulings on corruption cases. This is not only a matter of transplanted “Western jacket” of Germanic Penal Code, but also departmental internal instructions, integrity standards and traditional legal consciousness of unwritten codes of conduct. The original findings of this book reveal that 
 Taishinin
 ’s judicial behavior in corruption cases was subject to many non-legal considerations, such as historical development of anticorruption law, traditional jurisprudential concepts, mission of and commitment to judicial role, values, judge appointment, judicial training and the political impacts of Ministry of Justice’s administration of judiciary.&nbsp;

Japanese Body in Western Jacket

Taishinin’s Judicial Behaviour in Corruption Cases

Palgrave Studies in Classical Liberalism

“An Evolutionary Account of Law&nbsp;is a landmark contribution bridging classical evolutionary thought and cutting-edge social science. Santanatoglia masterfully integrates insights from the Scottish Enlightenment and Hayek with evolutionary game theory and cognitive science, presenting legal rules as stable strategies emerging from individual interactions rather than top-down constructs. This genuinely novel framework is essential reading for anyone seeking to understand how normative orders emerge, stabilize, and change.“&nbsp;
—Jason McKenzie Alexander, Professor of Philosophy, London School of Economics and Political Science, UK
“This very well argued book offers firstly a complete examination of the theories of justice of classical philosophers, as David Hume, Adam Smith and Friedrich von Hayek. Secondly, and more important, brings a thought provoking examination of the often neglected thesis about the influence of evolution in the sphere of law. A mandatory book for everyone interested in legal and political philosophy.”
—Martín Diego Farrell, Professor Emeritus, Law School of the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
This book offers a comprehensive, modern understanding of legal philosophy through an evolutionary lens. Taking a highly interdisciplinary approach throughout, the book first explores the history of ‘classic evolutionism’, regarding theories of law and justice from the authors of the Scottish Enlightenment to Hayek. The second part of the book analyses the contributions of new schools of thought, including evolutionary psychology, evolutionary game theory and co-evolutionist theories. The final part of the book builds a fresh argument for a modern evolutionary account of law, considering key methodological debates and the evolution at its three levels – biological, social and individual – to explain the emergence, stabilization and change of legal rules.
This book is a timely addition to the growing interest in evolutionary thinking across the sciences, and will be of interest to a wide range of scholars including historians and philosophers of law as those interested in the intersection of law and psychology, law and economics, and the classical liberal tradition.
Eliana María Santanatoglia is a Professor in the Department of Philosophy of Law at the University of Buenos Aires, Argentina, and the co-founder and Executive Director of the David Hume Institute Foundation – Centre for Research in Normative and Institutional Evolution.

This book offers a comprehensive, modern understanding of legal philosophy through an evolutionary lens. Taking a highly interdisciplinary approach throughout, the book first explores the history of ‘classic evolutionism’, regarding theories of law and justice from the authors of the Scottish Enlightenment to Hayek. The second part of the book analyses the contributions of new schools of thought, including evolutionary psychology, evolutionary game theory and co-evolutionist theories. The final part of the book builds a fresh argument for a modern evolutionary account of law, considering key methodological debates and the evolution at its three levels – biological, social and individual – to explain the emergence, stabilization and change of legal rules. This book is a timely addition to the growing interest in evolutionary thinking across the sciences, and will be of interest to a wide range of scholars including historians and philosophers of law as those interested in the intersection of law and psychology, law and economics, and the classical liberal tradition.

The Role of Evolutionary Thinking in Legal Theory and Philosophy

An Evolutionary Account of Law

Natural Resource Management and Policy

This Open Access volume sheds light on the economic role and true value of non-human animals in the global economy. Animals have been a pillar of human prosperity since the dawn of civilization. From early hunting and domestication to their roles in agriculture, science, transportation, war, and entertainment, animals have shaped our world. Today, their contributions span from providing food and energy to supporting ecosystem services like pollination and pest control.&nbsp;Despite their importance, animals remain overlooked in economic studies. This book addresses this gap, exploring the economic roles of animals, analyzing demographic trends, reassessing their true economic value—including their intrinsic worth and the full measure of their contributions and suffering—and proposing innovative ways to reflect this in economic decision-making. This comprehensive volume connects economics and other fields, applying research on the valuation of Nature to non-human animals.The book explores economic policy and regulatory policy solutions to help recognize animal agency and ecological interdependence, presenting examples of how more humane, animal-free systems can reduce inefficiencies, spark innovation, and enhance both ecological and economic resilience. It will appeal to scholars, students, and researchers of economics and across other disciplines, as well as to policy-makers interested in a better understanding of the role of natural capital in economies, and specifically, the contributions of non-human animals to economic growth and stability.&nbsp;
 “
 This pioneering collection of essays
 &nbsp;raises an issue that economists have ignored for far too long: How are we to include non-human animals in economic evaluations of policies and practices? Fortunately, interest in this important question is now growing rapidly. The essays brought together in this volume sketch the outlines of a rich and extensive new field of thought.”&nbsp;
 
 —&nbsp;
 Peter Singer
 , Emeritus Professor of Bioethics, Princeton University; Visiting Professor, National University of Singapore; author of&nbsp;
 Animal Liberation
 &nbsp;and&nbsp;
 Animal Liberation Now
 .

This Open Access volume sheds light on the economic role and true value of non-human animals' in the global economy. Animals have been a pillar of human prosperity since the dawn of civilization. From early hunting and domestication to their roles in agriculture, science, transportation, wars, and entertainment, animals have shaped our world. Today, their contributions span from providing food and energy to supporting ecosystem services like pollination and pest control.&nbsp;But animals are more than commodities—they are indispensable economic agents whose labor and agency have shaped the very foundations of our economic systems. This book honors their lives and contributions, and calls for a reassessment of their full worth: economically, ecologically, and ethically. Documenting how animals remain overlooked in economic studies, this book addresses this gap, by exploring their contributions in today’s economies, reassessing their true economic value, and proposing innovative ways to reflect this in economic decision-making. Covering all sectors of human-animal economic interaction, this comprehensive volume connects economics with other disciplines, applying frontier research on the valuation of nature to non-human animals.The book also explores economic policy and regulatory solutions to help recognize animal agency and ecological interdependence, presenting examples of how more humane, animal-free systems can reduce inefficiencies, spark innovation, and enhance both ecological and economic resilience. Essential for understanding our past and future, this book highlights the indispensable role of animals in a sustainable economy. It will appeal to scholars, students, and researchers of economics and across other disciplines, as well as to policy-makers interested in a better understanding of the role of natural capital in economies and, specifically, &nbsp;the value and contributions of non-human animals to economic growth and stability.&nbsp;

Revaluing Life for a Liveable Planet

The Economics of Non-Human Animals

European Yearbook of International Economic Law

EYIEL Monographs - Studies in European and International Economic Law

This book provides a critical, practically oriented examination of the ethical implications of third-party funding in international arbitration, viewed through the lens of legal ethics and the legitimacy and integrity of arbitral proceedings. It clarifies what constitutes appropriate and inappropriate conduct in third-party funding in international arbitration and provides guidance for arbitrators, lawyers, funders, parties, and policymakers navigating this fast-evolving field. With forward-thinking proposals, this book encourages the development of specialized professional standards and ethical rules for arbitration practitioners within an evolving, shared, self-regulatory ethical ecosystem of international arbitration, while also calling for external regulation of third-party funders’ conduct through both statutory and market-based mechanisms. The timely information contained in this book supports the evolving needs of the international arbitration community and serves as a valuable guide for professionals navigating this changing landscape.
This book combines theoretical underpinnings with practical applications to serve as a resource for researchers, professionals, educators, and students. It provides researchers and arbitration participants with critical insights into the ethical implications of third-party funding in international arbitration, as well as practical guidance, recommendations for ethical standards and rules, and innovative strategies for meeting these challenges.

Conflicts of Interest, Professional Duties, and Regulatory Responses

Third-Party Funding and Ethical Ecosystem of International Arbitration

Masterpieces of Contemporary Jurisprudents in China

This book is the first academic monograph in China to comprehensively examine the concept, principles, and system of civil law from an ethical point of view. Under the background that China has promulgated the Civil Code, it is necessary to analyze the relevant contents of the Civil Code from all aspects, in depth and from various angles. The basic point of view is that China’s Civil Code should not only consider the advanced nature, but also take into account the national character, sublimation, and inheritance, and to meet the needs of modern society and demonstrate the ethical value. This book is highly readable, not only for professional research groups, but also for students and ordinary readers interested in Chinese civil law. This book is designated as a required reading list for law majors in many universities across China and is also published in Taiwan (PRC) and Japan.

An Ethical Analysis of Civil Law

Law and Criminology (R0)

Kerry O'Halloran

Dissent and Democracy

Conscientious Objection

Understanding China

The book comprehensively explores the origins, structure, characteristics, functions, and unique role of Chinese legal tradition within the global scope of legal culture. It adopts a thematic framework that extends across multifaceted dimensions to examine the evolution, features and impact of Chinese legal culture, breaking away from the traditional chronological approach to legal history.


The book seamlessly integrates macro and micro views, bridges ancient and modern, as well as Chinese and foreign perspectives, and combines state law with folk law, and law with ethics. The content covers seven key aspects: the culture of rites and etiquettes, penal culture and practice, the culture of legal philosophies, the culture of a legal system, contractual culture, the culture of mediation, and the culture of justice. The topics encompass the origins of traditional Chinese law, the evolution of legal thoughts, the development of legal systems, the procedures and effects of legal practices, and the relationship between legal development and social change.


This book is primarily aimed at legal scholars, students, and practitioners who are interested in understanding Chinese traditional legal culture. It is also intended for readers with a moderate level of education or higher, who seek to understand Chinese legal history and culture.

Traditional Legal Culture in China

By a process of investigations into origin, development and theoretic foundations of the tort liability&nbsp;based on fairness, this book analyzes the myriads of practical cases to offer deep insights&nbsp;into&nbsp;application rules, grounds for defense, compensation scope and the supplementary role of application, and elucidates theoretic restrictions upon its judicial application, aiming to preclude the tort liability&nbsp;based on fairness from being abused judicially, and establishing China's indigenous theoretical system of tort liability&nbsp;based on fairness.&nbsp;Contained under Civil Code are the orientation and rule adjustment of the liability based on fairness, in the light of which this book recommends the provisions for judicial interpretations of related provisions to&nbsp;“the tort liability based on fairness”&nbsp;under the Code, with the hope to lay references for relevant judicial interpretations to be drawn up by people's courts.

The Legislative and Judicial Practices in China

Tort Liability Based on Fairness

Envisioning a Better Future for Nonhuman Animals

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