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This PDF eBook is produced by a third-party. We have requested that the file be made accessible and compliant with the European Accessibility Act (EAA). However, we have not been able to fully verify

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Law and Criminology (R0)

Francesca Capone

Dual-use Objects under International Humanitarian Law: Towards a Paradigm Shift

&lt;p&gt;Chapter 1. Introduction: “Dual-Use Objects” as an Undefined and Controversial Notion.- Part I. Laying the Theoretical Foundations of Dual-Use Objects under International Humanitarian Law.- Chapter 2. The Mainstream Approach to Dual-Use Objects: A Legal/Historical Excursus.- Chapter 3. Redefining the Notion of Dual-Use Objects: Is “Military Objectives” the Right Label?.- Part II. The Elements of the New Paradigm: Revisiting Dual-Use Objects under International Humanitarian Law.- Chapter 4. Shedding Light on the Civilian Function of Dual-Use Objects and Its Relevance for the Key IHL Principles.- Chapter 5. The Centrality of the Reasonable Military Commander Standard in the Paradigm Shift.- Chapter 6. Concluding Remarks: Reconciling the Notion of Dual-Use Objects with the Key Tenets of International Humanitarian Law.- Index.&lt;/p&gt;


Global Lessons from Hungary

Academic Freedom and Authoritarianism

Oñati International Series in Law and Society

This edited collection explores the question of how those with limited capacity are enabled to take their part as members of society within the context of both a legal framework and the expectations of their family and community. The book is divided into three parts, firstly looking at the current legal position on incapacity in a number of jurisdictions. It discusses the recent European project FLEUR, and the associated debates developing around whether legislation dealing with incapacity should aim to support or control the vulnerable person. Secondly, the book looks at the experience of families with vulnerable members. Chapters examine developments in Australia, Spain, Bulgaria and Argentina, while part three looks at France, Turkey, Canada, the Netherlands, Poland and Ukraine. It asks questions such as: What are the contemporary demands for full financial protection by the state in the Netherlands? What can happen in an emergency? How did the Polish system provide for the needs of refugees in wartime, in the case of the recent flight from Ukraine into Poland? An important dimension is added to the debate, asking how we can provide support and control within a social network or group whose members have different aims and needs in a family or a community.

Incapacity and Access to Family Justice

Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice

The contemporary significance of the subject “Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action” is indisputable. In periods of social polarization, conflict and crisis, it is imperative that the obligation of our societies to protect and promote social rights is addressed and acknowledged. It is also necessary to recognize the way in which social rights are jeopardized by inequalities that impede the cultivation of robust social relationships and to document instances of the implementation of affirmative actions in this scenario. The aims of this work are as follows: firstly, to establish general topics (part I); secondly, to undertake more specific investigations within the primary topic (part II); and thirdly, to address the challenges posed by the technological transition currently taking place in society, which has significant consequences for social rights, (in)equality, and affirmative action (part III). The study is organized into three sections corresponding to these targets. For the purposes of this study, the analysis will commence, in the Part I of this book, at the genesis of the debates, as outlined in the chapter concerning the old and the new forms of racism. This contribution is followed by a chapter on the growing recognition of intersectional discrimination in European and global human rights frameworks and by another on structural discrimination and the function of the law against unjust enrichment. To further explore and expand upon the subjects addressed in the preceding chapters, the final chapter of Part I of this book delves into the topic of affirmative action in the United States. The second part of this work is dedicated primarily to specific forms of affirmative action, thereby deepening the discussion initiated in the first part of this book. The initial topic examines the way in which the pandemic has impacted specific social groups and led to the emergence of health disparities in the UK. The subsequent chapter is devoted to an examination of the alterations in the benefits of minimum income support in Brazil in recent years. The fourth chapter undertakes a detailed investigation of a specific affirmative action program for children and adolescents with the objective of reducing violence in urban areas. The final chapter conducts an analysis of ageing, public policies and inclusion in Brazil. The third and final section is dedicated to an examination of the challenges faced by our technological societies. The field of “Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action” is set to be impacted by the regulation of artificial intelligence, the increasing digitalization of activities, and the development of new tools designed to enhance the efficiency of the social state. The initial chapter of the concluding section deals with the regulation of artificial intelligence in Brazil and the impacts of neurotechnology. The second study examines conservative digitalization and structural inequalities in Latin American information societies, while the final study focuses on the emergence of the social digital state and the use of instruments that produce inequality and discrimination.

The contemporary significance of the subject “Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action” is indisputable. In periods of social polarization, conflict and crisis, it is imperative that the obligation of our societies to protect and promote social rights is addressed and acknowledged. It is also necessary to recognize the way in which social rights are jeopardized by inequalities that impede the cultivation of robust social relationships and to document instances of the implementation of affirmative actions in this scenario. The aims of this work are as follows: firstly, to establish general topics (part I); secondly, to undertake more specific investigations within the primary topic (part II); and thirdly, to address the challenges posed by the technological transition currently taking place in society, which has significant consequences for social rights, (in)equality, and affirmative action (part III). The study is organized into three sections corresponding to these targets. For the purposes of this study, the analysis will commence, in the Part I of this book, at the genesis of the debates, as outlined in the chapter concerning the old and the new forms of racism. This contribution is followed by a chapter on the growing recognition of intersectional discrimination in European and global human rights frameworks and by another on structural discrimination and the function of the law against unjust enrichment. To further explore and expand upon the subjects addressed in the preceding chapters, the final chapter of Part I of this book delves into the topic of affirmative action in the United States. The second part of this work is dedicated primarily to specific forms of affirmative action, thereby deepening the discussion initiated in the first part of this book. The initial topic examines the way in which the pandemic has impacted specific social groups and led to the emergence of health disparities in the UK. The subsequent chapter is devoted to an examination of the alterations in the benefits of minimum income support in Brazil in recent years. The fourth chapter undertakes a detailed investigation of a specific affirmative action program for children and adolescents with the objective of reducing violence in urban areas. The final chapter conducts an analysis of ageing, public policies and inclusion in Brazil. The third and final section is dedicated to an examination of the challenges faced by our technological societies. The field of “Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action” is set to be impacted by the regulation of artificial intelligence, the increasing digitalization of activities, and the development of new tools designed to enhance the efficiency of the social state. The initial chapter of the concluding section deals with the regulation of artificial intelligence in Brazil and the impacts of neurotechnology. The second study examines conservative digitalization and structural inequalities in Latin American information societies, while the final study focuses on the emergence of the social digital state and the use of instruments that produce inequality and discrimination.

Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action

This book provides a novel judicial framework for receiving and considering religious and cultural claims in shaping human rights in constitutional secular democracies. It does this through an extended case study of the Indian constitutional jurisprudence. Abortion and surrogacy, LGBTQ + rights, sex work and euthanasia are arguably the most controversial human rights issues of our time. They all invite passionate religious and cultural debate but are not themselves religious or cultural rights issues. Instead, they pose a fundamental constitutional question: How far can religion and culture go in shaping general human rights in secular constitutional democracies? Moving beyond the logic of individual rights, this book provides an integrated and holistic approach to answering this classic question of constitutional law. To do this, it proposes an innovative empirically backed normative-theoretical framework which synthesises insights from cultural psychoanalysis, feminist legal scholarship, socio-legal method, constitutional law, evidence law, and political theory. It looks at a unique constellation of cases belonging to eight different human rights themes covering the period since India's independence in 1947 and systematically analyses the religious and cultural claims made in those cases. It finds that in India, a more holistic approach to answering our classic constitutional puzzle requires a simultaneous consideration of three different theories: A theory of constitutional interpretation which formulates restrictions on a judge considering religious and cultural claims in fundamental rights cases; A theory of judicial notice which determines when such claims can be admitted without proof; A theory of secularism and public reason which argues that the claims must be given weight in the final decision only if they match defensible conceptions of constitutional values. The book develops these theories and applies them to the Indian cases, providing an innovative approach to an age-old question.

With God as our Witness

Religion, Culture, and Human Rights in India

Global Energy Law and Policy

This book provides a multi-jurisdictional analysis of the role of law in accelerating the development of floating offshore wind energy. With ongoing technological advancements in the context of the energy transition, floating offshore wind represents a significant advancement in the global transition towards sustainable energy. Debates around the inherent ecological tensions raised by fixed-bottom offshore wind turbines, as well as the value of deeper offshore wind exploration, are considered alongside unanswered questions on the complexity of the marine environment and its governance in relation to the deployment of floating offshore wind energy. Other questions focus on marine spatial planning, licensing and permitting procedures, and the safety of installing and maintaining complex offshore energy infrastructure. Although these issues partially coincide with those related to traditional bottom-fixed installation, the book provides an opportunity to test the extent to which traditional legal and regulatory strategies may or may not be suited to the fast-growing deployment of floating offshore wind energy. Written by experts across multiple jurisdictions where floating projects are being developed, the book unlocks new thinking on regulatory modelling and design at a time when floating wind is expected to resolve the complexity of the Energy Quadrilemma.

Global Insights

The Law and Policy of Floating Offshore Wind

Routledge Research on the Law of the Sea

This book examines the relationship between international fisheries law and international biodiversity law in the context of the increasingly volatile ocean conditions of the Anthropocene.Using a theoretical approach, the book analyses interactions between fisheries and biodiversity law. The author assesses the fulfilment of objectives around conservation and sustainable use to allow readers to understand the collective narratives and priorities of international fisheries and biodiversity regimes. The book also features insights into recent international legal developments, including the treaty on marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, and potential sites of enhanced cooperation between regimes.This book will be of interest to legal scholars, scientists and practitioners, particularly those in the areas of law of the sea, biodiversity law, environmental law, and international fisheries law.

Examining Divergent Regime-Based Narratives in the Anthropocene

International Fisheries and Biodiversity Law

International Law and the Global South

This book provides comprehensive discussions on the instruments, mechanisms and debates relevant to tackling biopiracy and protecting the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities in that context.&nbsp;Biopiracy is one of the most controversial issues in the international society and indigenous peoples and local communities have been the main victim of biopiracy because although they have made enormous contributions to the conservation of biological and genetic resources and development of associated traditional knowledge, they have been rarely acknowledged and few benefits have been shared.Against this backdrop, this book surveys biopiracy cases around the world, analyses and discusses the international regimes relevant to biopiracy, and suggests possible ways forward; namely the instruments or mechanisms to tackle biopiracy and protect the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities based on the international regimes. It provides a comprehensive picture on the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities in the context of biopiracy by analysing international biodiversity, human rights and intellectual property regimes as a whole. Moreover, unlike others, this book also suggests how to improve domestic laws and institutions to tackle biopiracy and protect the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities to genetic resources and associated traditional knowledge in accordance with the international regimes by, for instance, providing the core elements of the model laws and institutions.For these reasons, the book will be a good guide for students and researchers who are interested in laws and policies on the (sustainable) use of biological and genetic resources. Particularly, given that with the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol, scientists (particularly, biologists) need to understand international biodiversity and intellectual property laws and institutions, this book will be useful for them. Moreover, as indigenous peoples and local communities are the main victim of biopiracy, this book will help indigenous rights activists and organizations working to protect their rights.

Protection of Bio-rights of Indigenous Peoples in International Law

Europeanization and Globalization

The regulation of sovereign debts raises many complex economic and legal questions. The primary objective of this volume is to focus on the possible legal solutions for the challenges facing the insolvent states. Finding a way out of the sovereign debt crisis requires not only economic considerations, but it implies also a better understanding of the rage of different social and ethical aspects associated with this problem.

The regulation of sovereign debts raises many complex economic and legal questions. The primary objective of this volume is to focus on the possible legal solutions for the challenges facing the insolvent states. Finding a way out of the sovereign debt crisis requires not only economic considerations, but it implies also a better understanding of the rage of different social and ethical aspects associated with this problem.

Possible Legal Solutions

Sovereign Insolvency

This volume provides a comprehensive legal examination of BIMSTEC’s evolving institutional framework, critically analyzing its role in fostering regional cooperation and partnership in alignment with SDG17. The book explores how legal frameworks can serve as mechanisms for strengthening regional integration, enhancing policy coherence, and promoting multi-stakeholder partnerships across BIMSTEC member states. By engaging with legal scholarship and comparative regional models, it evaluates how BIMSTEC can facilitate cross-border trade, investment, and regulatory harmonisation to create a more interconnected and resilient economic bloc. The chapters collectively address the legal dimensions of SDG 17 by examining BIMSTEC’s potential in fostering public-private partnerships, improving regional governance structures, and establishing inclusive legal frameworks for sustainable development. Key themes include legal mechanisms for trade and investment integration, transnational crime cooperation, refugee governance, environmental stewardship, etc. The volume further delves into sector-specific legal reforms that can enhance institutional collaboration and knowledge-sharing within the BIMSTEC framework, drawing lessons from other regional organizations such as ASEAN and the EU.
With contributions from leading legal scholars, policymakers, and jurists, this book is an essential resource for those engaged in international law, regional governance, and sustainable development. By centering its analysis on SDG 17, it offers actionable legal insights into how BIMSTEC can strengthen institutional partnerships, advance collective decision-making, and reinforce the legal infrastructure necessary for achieving long-term regional cooperation.

Pathways to Sustainable Development and Regional Cooperation

Legal Reforms in BIMSTEC Member-States

Studies in International Law

This book examines the United Nations Security Council's authorisation of the use of force, considering the extensive body of UN Security Council resolutions across its now eighty years of existence. As one of the established exceptions to the Article 2(4) UN Charter prohibition on the use of force, UN Security Council authorisation of force remains a key focus for both States and scholars alike. Despite the apparent consequences of authorisation, authorising resolutions lack prescribed formats or mandatory content. The UN Security Council has over time, however, developed a consistent practice of prior explicit authorisation. The development of this practice is reflected in a number of essential characteristics within authorising resolutions of the UN Security Council. These include explicit determinations of a threat to international peace and security, the invocation of Chapter VII (or VIII) of the UN Charter, the use of specific authorising language, the inclusion of time or functional limits on authorisation, and the imposition of reporting obligations on those authorised to use force. The book ultimately argues that prior explicit authorisation constitutes a well-established practice, rejecting the legality and admissibility of implicit and retroactive authorisation.

Form, Character and Nature

The United Nations Security Council and the Authorisation of Force

This book offers an alternate trajectory for EU copyright law. Building on cultural norms in creative communities to reuse, recreate and share, the book proposes a more holistic approach to reconcile conflicting copyright interests. Drawing upon Niklas Luhmann's system theory, John Dewey's theory of art and feminist data theory, it advocates access to, and care within, creative communicative spaces, such as social media platforms or artificial intelligence (AI) data infrastructures, to safeguard creativity and cultural production online. Following a comprehensive assessment of current EU copyright law and related regulation, it proposes a rebuttable presumption of artistic communication to account for the nature of communication between authors, users and the public that safeguards creative reuse. The book isolates the question of remuneration, particularly in AI context, as one of collective socio-cultural value to address wider harms through a cultural commons existing on the border of the EU copyright system. Reflecting on traditional copyright concepts such as authorship, consent and remuneration alongside more novel legal structures like a right of collective informational self-determination, Reshaping EU Copyright Law to Support Creativity Online provides a foundation to reshape how the EU copyright system and its regulatory neighbours adequately respond to new forms of creativity, dissemination, and its use.

Offers an alternate trajectory for EU copyright law to adequately respond to new forms of creativity

Creative Reuse

Reshaping EU Copyright Law to Support Creativity Online

Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal Matters

Dual-use Objects under International Humanitarian Law: Towards a Paradigm Shift

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