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Political Science and International Studies (R0)

Werner Reutter

Constitutional Courts in the German States

History, Structure, and Functions

&lt;p&gt;1. Introduction: Constitutional Democracy and Constitutional Courts in the German States.- 2. The Constitutional Court of Berlin: A Case Study.- 3. Democracy, Federalism, and the Rule of Law: Theoretical Perspectives on Constitutional Adjudication in the German States.- 4. The Creation of State Constitutional Courts in Germany: When, Why, and How?.- 5. Constitutional Courts as Institutions: Status, Mode of Operation, Jurisdictions.- 6. State Constitutional Courts and Their Justices.- 7. Constitutional Courts and Politics in the German States: Does Judicialization Exist and If So Why?.- 8. State Constitutional Courts and “Militant Democracy”.&lt;/p&gt;


Bridging disparate literatures on courts and the legal profession in China, Jonathan J. Kinkel introduces an innovative cross-disciplinary framework to understand the reality of Chinese politics and society. Fusing a variety of perspectives from social ecology, historical institutionalism, and empirical legal studies, Kinkel contextualises patterns of court reform within China's rapid economic and social transformations. This book's extensive case studies emphasise the dynamic expansion of the legal system in the post-Mao reform period and demonstrate that law firm growth in large cities, especially in the early twenty-first century, pressured courts at the local and national levels to enhance judicial autonomy. Advancing debates on the multiplicity of political-legal regimes, this book offers a comprehensive, empirical account of how reforms in both the public and private arenas can interact and operate alongside one another.

An Ecological Analysis of Court Reform in Urban China

Growth and Survival

Constitutional Systems of the World

"[The] written style is admirably clear, conversational and free from jargon . It will be of immense interest to anybody with a general interest in UK law, politics and history." Times Higher Education This engaging, authoritative text has, since its very first edition, maintained its position as the market-leading introduction to the constitution of the United Kingdom. Adopting a thematic approach, it discusses questions of history, sources and conventions, the role of the Crown, Parliament and the electoral system, government and the executive, the judiciary, and the territorial distribution of power. In addition, it offers analysis of the evolution of the UK's historic non-codified constitution, its strengths and perceived weaknesses, and of reform initiatives. The new edition systematically examines the impact of the recent developments, including how COVID changed how government operated, the revolving door of Prime Ministers, the election of the Labour government, and the accession of King Charles III. Though introductory in approach, it does not shy away from the complexity of the constitutional landscape in the United Kingdom. It provides a contextual overview of the principles, doctrines and institutions that underpin the elusive constitution, allowing students of law and politics, both from the UK and abroad, to develop an informed view of how it actually works.

A Contextual Analysis

The Constitution of the United Kingdom

This book fills a gap in the existing literature by providing a thorough assessment of EU regulations as a source of secondary legislation and their application in all twenty-seven Member States. It also explores that application in neighbouring countries. EU regulations are perceived as the strongest and the most effective sources of EU secondary legislation and it is well-established by the Court of Justice of the European Union that their provisions have vertical and horizontal direct effect. Part 1 of this book examines these points, providing a backdrop to the analysis in the remaining chapters. Parts 2 and 3 focus on the national reception of EU regulations in Member States, and in selected neighbouring jurisdictions. Written by leading practitioners and academics, the book offers both a conceptual underpinning to this element of the European Union's law-making, as well as its practical application.

This book fills a gap in the existing literature by providing a thorough assessment of EU regulations as a source of secondary legislation and their application in all twenty-seven Member States. It also explores that application in neighbouring countries. 

EU regulations are perceived as the strongest and the most effective sources of EU secondary legislation and it is well-established by the Court of Justice of the European Union that their provisions have vertical and horizontal direct effect. Part 1 of this book examines these points, providing a backdrop to the analysis in the remaining chapters. Parts 2 and 3 focus on the national reception of EU regulations in Member States, and in selected neighbouring jurisdictions. 

Written by leading practitioners and academics, the book offers both a conceptual underpinning to this element of the European Union’s law-making, as well as its practical application.

Legislative and Judicial Approaches

EU Regulations in Practice

Governing AI is about getting AI right. Building upon AI scholarship in science and technology studies, technology law, business ethics, and computer science, it documents potential risks and actual harms associated with AI, lists proposed solutions to AI-related problems around the world, and assesses their impact. The book presents a vast range of theoretical debates and empirical evidence to document how and how well technical solutions, business self-regulation, and legal regulation work. It is a call to think inside and outside the box. Technical solutions, business self-regulation, and especially legal regulation can mitigate and even eliminate some of the potential risks and actual harms arising from the development and use of AI. However, the long-term health of the relationship between technology and society depends on whether ordinary people are empowered to participate in making informed decisions to govern the future of technology - AI included.

A Primer

Governing AI

This book provides an insightful, thought-provoking study of one of the world's most important courts. The European Court of Justice has had a transformative effect on EU Law but this has not been without controversy. This book explores criticisms levelled against the Court, examining whether concerns over judicial activism, unconventional interpretative methods, conflicts with national courts, and over-reach are justified. Drawing on the expertise of leading commentators, it offers various perspectives from across the spectrum of EU Law. The contributions included in the volume go beyond a legal analysis seeking to provide an understanding of the political and social context in which the Court operates and the wider impact of its judgments.

This book is an insightful, thought-provoking study of one of the world’s most important courts. There is no doubt that the European Court of Justice has had a transformative effect on EU Law, but not without controversy. This book explores these criticisms, asking if concerns over judicial activism, unconventional interpretative methods, conflicts with national courts and over-reach are justified. Drawing on the expertise of leading commentators in their sectors, its ambitious scope explores the question from across the spectrum of EU Law. Its analysis includes the political dimension, giving the fullest understanding of the environment in which the Court and its judgments have operated.

The European Court of Justice and its Critics

Im politischen Diskurs gibt es ein Recht auf Phantasie, Irrtum und Brüskierung der Rezipienten. Werbung ist zu Wahrheit, Substantiierung und Achtung der Rezipienten-Rechte verpflichtet. Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat in einer Entscheidung über die Benetton-Werbung angenommen, dass beide Sprachformen durch das Grundgesetz geschützt sind. Für die Beantwortung der Frage, ob und wie Werbung als Meinung geschützt werden soll, werden das Gemeinschaftsrecht, die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention und das US-amerikanische Verfassungsrecht herangezogen.

Im politischen Diskurs - bei der ideellen Sprache - besteht ein Recht auf Phantasie, Irrtum und Brüskierung der Rezipienten ("Soldaten sind Mörder"). In der Werbung - bei der kommerziellen Sprache - besteht eine Pflicht zur Wahrheit, zur Substantiierung und zur Achtung der Rechte der Rezipienten (unter anderem §§ 1,3 des Gesetzes gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb). Das Bundesverfassungsgericht scheint in seiner Benetton-Entscheidung anzunehmen, dass beide Sprachformen in Artikel 5 des Grundgesetzes geschützt sind. So stellt sich die Aufgabe der Untersuchung und gegebenenfalls Auflösung von (Wertungs-)Widersprüchen. Für die Beantwortung der Frage, ob und wie Werbung als "Meinung" in Art. 5 GG geschützt werden soll, werden das Gemeinschaftsrecht, die Europäische Menschenrechtskonvention und das amerikanische Verfassungsrecht - als "Trendsetter" eines extensiven verfassungsrechtlichen Schutzes der Werbung - herangezogen.

Eine Studie zum Schutz von Werbung im Grundgesetz, in der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention, im Gemeinschaftsrecht und im amerikanischen Verfassungsrecht

Werbung als Meinung

This collection explores the relationship between race, racism, and human rights law. It seeks to illuminate, in particular, how the European Court of Human Rights articulates the category of race, how human rights are experienced (differently) by racial minorities, and whether the European Convention on Human Rights has the tools to recognise and address racial harms. By centring race, it considers how Convention rights would look through the lens of race and ultimately interrogates if human rights law is part of the solution or part of the problem. In pursuing these inquiries, the collection brings together two fields of scholarship that have largely developed independently of each other, namely law and race, and European human rights law. Drawing upon rich expertise from theorists and human rights scholars, it is the first of its kind to systematically analyse race and racism in relation to a wide range of themes in European human rights law, including state violence, terrorism, privacy, protest, migration, hate speech, religion, domestic abuse, reproductive freedom, medicine, education, and climate change.

Race, Racism, and the European Convention on Human Rights

Addressing both scholars of international law and political science as well as decision makers involved in cybersecurity policy, the book tackles the most important and intricate legal issues that a state faces when considering a reaction to a malicious cyber operation conducted by an adversarial state. While often invoked in political debates and widely analysed in international legal scholarship, self-defence and countermeasures will often remain unavailable to states in situations of cyber emergency due to the pervasive problem of reliable and timely attribution of cyber operations to state actors. Analysing the legal questions surrounding attribution in detail, the book presents the necessity defence as an evidently available alternative. However, the shortcomings of the doctrine as based in customary international law that render it problematic as a remedy for states are examined in-depth. In light of this, the book concludes by outlining a special emergency regime for cyberspace.

Self-Defence, Countermeasures, Necessity, and the Question of Attribution

Unilateral Remedies to Cyber Operations

European Union and its Neighbours in a Globalized World

This open access book presents a thorough, multidisciplinary examination of children’s rights in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) with a focus on Lithuania. Pursuing a comparative approach, it explores various aspects of children’s rights as established in constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal law in the region, while also discussing emerging issues. The book shares unique insights into the challenges and progress specific to individual CEE countries, many of which have undergone significant political, social, and legal transformations in recent decades. The comparative analysis of practices and legal frameworks between Lithuania and other countries in the region and across various CEE countries is a key feature of the book. By comparing practices, case law and legal regulations across different CEE countries, it highlights both the diversity and the common challenges in the region. Moreover, such a comparative perspective is invaluable for policymakers, practitioners, and academics in terms of identifying best practices and learning from different countries’ experiences. The respective chapters offer evidence-based insights and recommendations to guide the development of more effective and rights-based approaches to child protection. While aiming to enhance awareness and understanding of children’s rights, the book also seeks to fill a gap in the literature by focusing on the CEE region, an area often underrepresented and overlooked in global discussions on children’s rights. Bringing together a wide range of theoretical and empirical research from Lithuania and other CEE countries, it features contributions by researchers from the Baltic states, Poland, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, and Romania to provide a more holistic understanding of the challenges and advances in children’s rights in the CEE region.

This open access book presents a thorough, multidisciplinary examination of children’s rights in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) with a focus on Lithuania. Pursuing a comparative approach, it explores various aspects of children’s rights as established in constitutional, civil, administrative and criminal law in the region, while also discussing emerging issues. The book shares unique insights into the challenges and progress specific to individual CEE countries, many of which have undergone significant political, social, and legal transformations in recent decades.
 
 The comparative analysis of practices and legal frameworks between Lithuania and other countries in the region and across various CEE countries is a key feature of the book. By comparing practices, case law and legal regulations across different CEE countries, it highlights both the diversity and the common challenges in the region. Moreover, such a comparative perspective is invaluable for policymakers, practitioners, and academics in terms of identifying best practices and learning from different countries’ experiences. The respective chapters offer evidence-based insights and recommendations to guide the development of more effective and rights-based approaches to child protection.
 
 While aiming to enhance awareness and understanding of children’s rights, the book also seeks to fill a gap in the literature by focusing on the CEE region, an area often underrepresented and overlooked in global discussions on children’s rights. Bringing together a wide range of theoretical and empirical research from Lithuania and other CEE countries, it features contributions by researchers from the Baltic states, Poland, Slovenia, Hungary, Croatia, and Romania to provide a more holistic understanding of the challenges and advances in children’s rights in the CEE region.

A Comparative Analysis with a Spotlight on Lithuania

Children's Rights in Central and Eastern Europe

Essentials

Dieses essential bietet einen Überblick über die kommunalen Handlungsspielräume in Deutschland. Darüber hinaus beinhaltet es Einblicke, welche Kommunen von der neuen kommunalen Haushaltskrise besonders betroffen sind, eine Analyse der Folgen der Haushaltskrise und der Eingriffe der Haushaltsaufsicht bis zur Entsendung von Sparkommissaren, Einsichten zu Bürgern als einflussreiche Vetospieler, Analysen, wie der Rechtpopulismus von der kommunalen Krise profitiert und sie weiter anheizt, sowie realistische Einschätzungen, wie die kommunale Krise etwas aufgefangen werden kann. Das Buch richtet sich an kommunale Praktiker*innen und die politische Öffentlichkeit. Darüber hinaus leitet es Studierende und Lehrende der Sozialwissenschaft an, die Handlungsspielräume der eigenen Kommune zu untersuchen.

Dieses 
 essential
 bietet einen Überblick über die kommunalen Handlungsspielräume in Deutschland. Darüber hinaus beinhaltet es Einblicke, welche Kommunen von der neuen kommunalen Haushaltskrise besonders betroffen sind, eine Analyse der Folgen der Haushaltskrise und der Eingriffe der Haushaltsaufsicht bis zur Entsendung von Sparkommissaren, Einsichten zu&nbsp;Bürgern als einflussreiche Vetospieler, Analysen, wie der Rechtpopulismus von der kommunalen Krise profitiert und sie weiter anheizt, sowie realistische Einschätzungen, wie die kommunale Krise etwas aufgefangen werden kann. Das Buch richtet sich an kommunale Praktiker*innen und die politische Öffentlichkeit. Darüber hinaus leitet es Studierende und Lehrende der Sozialwissenschaft an, die Handlungsspielräume der eigenen Kommune zu untersuchen.

Handlungsunfähig und überschuldet?

Die aktuelle Krise der Kommunen

Law in Global Contexts

This book offers an analysis of Union citizenship, one of the key legal concepts of EU law. Introduced in the Maastricht Treaty, EU citizenship was initially seen as a beautiful but empty symbol. Yet, in the three decades of its existence, Union citizenship developed into one of the cornerstones of the modern-day constitutional structure of the EU. To understand the dynamics behind EU citizenship's ongoing development and appreciate its current role in Union law, this monograph analyses various facets of Union citizenship seen through the same theoretical lens of autonomisation. The book suggests that EU citizenship is currently undergoing autonomisation to a considerable extent. Being an open-ended concept, Union citizenship possesses significant intrinsic forces that drive its expansion and elaboration. Having already gone an impressive distance in its legal development, EU citizenship is likely to grow further, but its ultimate destiny will depend on the future of the European project.

Autonomisation of EU Citizenship

Die Rufe nach einem umfassenden Arbeitnehmerdatenschutz sind mit den jüngsten Datenschutzskandalen in deutschen Konzernen wieder lauter geworden. Ein eigenes Arbeitnehmerdatenschutzgesetz lässt aber weiter auf sich warten. Auch die geltenden Regelungen lassen den Arbeitnehmer jedoch nicht schutzlos. Der Schwerpunkt des Praxishandbuches liegt daher in der Darstellung des Datenschutzes im Arbeitsverhältnis und seiner praktischen Umsetzung. Die Autoren zeigen Unternehmen, Rechtsanwälten und anderen Interessierten auf, welche datenschutzrechtlichen Probleme sich in den Phasen des Arbeitsverhältnisses (Begründung, Durchführung und Beendigung) stellen und wie in der Praxis mit ihnen umgegangen werden kann.

Praxishandbuch Datenschutz im Arbeitsverhältnis

Constitutional Courts in the German States

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