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Jmm: URSSAF

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Le commissaire de justice existe-t-il légalement ?Ils peuvent saisir vos biens, vous expulser de votre domicile, signifier des décisions de justice, établir des constats et mettre en oeuvre des prérogatives de puissance publique. Mais une question fondamentale n'a pratiquement jamais été posée: la profession de commissaire de justice a-t-elle réellement été instituée par une loi ?Depuis le 1er juillet 2022, les huissiers de justice et les commissaires-priseurs judiciaires ont fusionné pour donner naissance à une profession unique: le commissaire de justice. Présentée comme une simple réforme d'organisation, cette création s'est rapidement imposée dans le paysage judiciaire français.Pourtant, l'étude approfondie des textes officiels, des ordonnances, des travaux parlementaires, de la Constitution et de la jurisprudence révèle une réalité bien différente de celle communément admise.À travers une enquête méthodique et rigoureusement documentée, cet ouvrage reconstitue l'intégralité du processus ayant conduit à la création de cette profession. Il analyse le régime constitutionnel des ordonnances, le rôle du Parlement, les exigences de l'article 38 de la Constitution, les décisions du Conseil constitutionnel et les conséquences de l'absence de ratification législative.Au-delà de la seule profession de commissaire de justice, ce livre interroge le fonctionnement de nos institutions et les principes fondamentaux de l'État de droit. Peut-on confier des prérogatives de puissance publique sans intervention effective du législateur ? Jusqu'où les institutions peuvent-elles s'affranchir des exigences constitutionnelles sans remettre en cause la séparation des pouvoirs, l'Etat de droit et la souveraineté populaire ? Un livre qui pose une question essentielle: lorsque la loi est censée être le fondement de l'autorité publique, que se passe-t-il lorsque ce fondement n'est pas respecté?

Le commissaire de justice existe-t-il légalement ?

Studies in the History of Tax Law

This book is a continuation of the prestigious series investigating current tax policy debates in an historical context. The authors are a mix of senior tax professionals from academia, the judiciary, and practice, with representatives from 9 countries. The chapters fall within 3 basic categories: 1. UK tax, looking at a variety of topics ranging from income tax (introduction and deduction at source), tax administration (Scotland), cases and judges (Lord Wilberforce), to the Peasants' Revolt, indirect taxation (tonnage tax and excise), and tax concepts (beneficial ownership). 2. International taxation, with chapters on the origins of the international income tax order, the UN (1950s and 60s), and VAT (origins and procedure). 3. Non-UK tax systems, including chapters on income tax in Singapore and early developments in Japan, South Africa (GAAR), an influential Canadian report (Carter Commission), taxation in classical Athens, and in the medieval Italian city-states. Collecting papers from the biennial Cambridge Tax Law History Conference, the book is a key resource for those interested in tax law and legal history.

Studies in the History of Tax Law, Volume 12

This book provides a fresh and original approach to the critical and contextual appreciation of Roman law and culture. The great 'codes', such as those of Theodosius and Justinian, have rightly assumed a canonical status in the reception of Roman law. But they are not the only sources of this law. Law finds various expression in any culture, in essays, treatises, and testaments, plays, poems and novels. This book investigates this 'other' writing of Roman law. In the process it introduces the reader to a variety of Roman orators, poets and political writers, from Cicero and Seneca to Ovid and Apuleius, Plautus and Pliny. It also introduces the reader to a variety of areas of Roman law, from matters of governance and public philosophy to the politics of family and sexuality, the regulation of religion, the proscription of sorcery and the protection of the consumer. And finally, it introduces the reader to all of the peculiarities of Roman law too, the kind with which the past always teases the present. Why did Cicero's tongue end up nailed to a board in the forum in Rome? What role did Seneca play in the murder of Nero's mother? What did Ovid see, and why did it earn the wrath of his emperor? What magic did the orator Apuleius possess, and how did he use it? And what does the spread of Christianity owe to the younger Pliny? These are just a few of the collateral questions which the reader is invited to ponder in this fresh and exciting engagement with one of the most intriguing, and influential, legal systems in world history.

Law, Literature, and the Romans

Late medieval Bruges was a commercial hub that connected Hanseatic, English, Scottish, Portuguese, Spanish, Aragonese, and Italian traders. This book focuses on the conflict resolution of the aldermen and how merchants operated within this legal framework. The key question being whether Bruges was a city of justice. Although this was sometimes claimed by travellers, a lot of merchants confronted with the practicalities of conflict resolution in Bruges, disagreed. Fieremans analyses how customary law, institutional frameworks, and commerce intersected and were challenged by the aldermen's pursuit of justice. By clarifying the working of the aldermen, it advances our knowledge of the basic mechanisms of a late medieval law court and the evolution of the law courts of late medieval Flanders. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the book focuses on the interplay between commerce and justice, explores the diverse merchant communities, and considers the potential lessons it offers for understanding both historical and modern markets. It sheds light on the pragmatic legal culture of Bruges and the legal mechanisms that partially regulate commerce.

Foreign Merchants in a City of Justice

Law, Leverage, and Litigation in Late Medieval Bruges

Americans take it for granted that the states of the union make up an economic common market. But that is the case only because early in the nation's history the Supreme Court ruled that the Commerce Clause of the Constitution establishes a principle--sometimes called the "dormant Commerce Clause" principle--that blocks individual states from cutting off the free flow of cross-border trade. From the 1820s onward the Court has issued hundreds of rulings applying this doctrine to prevent the states from imposing tariff-like taxes, local processing requirements, and other restrictions on the free movement of goods and services across state lines. The result for the nation has been, as Justice Robert Jackson once observed, a "material success that . . . has been the most impressive in the history of commerce." After joining the Court in 1986 Justice Antonin Scalia challenged the dormant Commerce Clause principle as an illegitimate judicial innovation at odds with a proper "originalist" interpretation of the Constitution. This critique, moreover, quickly picked up steam as other prominent jurists and commentators--most notably, Justice Clarence Thomas--gave it their enthusiastic support. Is the originalist challenge to the dormant Commerce Clause rule well-founded? In The Common-Market Constitution, Coenen argues that the answer is no. Like Justice Scalia, Coenen focuses on discovering the original public meaning of the Commerce Clause. According to Coenen, however, the text and history of that clause compel a conclusion that is the direct opposite of the one that Justice Scalia reached. As Coenen demonstrates, a proper originalist assessment of the dormant Commerce Clause principle requires consideration of a sweeping body of text- and history-based evidence that ranges far beyond what critics of that principal rule have focused on in the past. A full and fair appraisal of that evidence, Coenen argues, leaves no doubt that the constitutional rule that the Court has long applied to safeguard the American common market does reflect the original public meaning of the Commerce Clause.

Text, History, and the "Dormant Commerce Clause" Rule

The Common-Market Constitution

This book provides the first in-depth study of the crime of bigamy from the 17th century to the present day. Between 1604 and 2024, around 30,000 individuals were prosecuted for bigamy in England and Wales. A few were able to establish a defence to the charge, but most were convicted. How they were punished varied hugely across the centuries - from execution, branding, whipping, transportation, and imprisonment through to fines and community service. Double Trouble details the legal framework that underpinned such prosecutions. As a companion volume to Double Lives: Stories of Bigamy in England and Wales, 1604-2024, it sets the offence in the context of the changing laws on marriage and divorce, and examines the consequences of bigamy for those involved, including the remedies that were available to the often-deceived second spouse. Drawing on a wide array of sources from the 17th century to the present day, including formal law reports, legal treatises, newspapers, censuses, parish registers, divorce petitions and Parliamentary debates, this book shows how bigamy should be taken seriously as an offence that all too often involved deception, abandonment and heartbreak.

Bigamy and the Law in England and Wales, 1604-2024

Double Trouble

The history of equity takes in questions of philosophy, theology, jurisprudence and legal history. When we speak of 'equity', do we mean Aristotelian epieikeia, civilian aequitas, a theological or juridical conscience, the common law concept of the 'equity of the statute', or merely the rules applied by the Court of Chancery before 1875? The purpose of this volume is to chart the evolution of equity in English legal history from the medieval period to the present day. Whether by investigating the historical foundations of the modern law, the jurisprudential underpinnings of the equitable jurisdiction, or the socio-political context of discrete legal developments, this collection exposes the strands of thought which 'equity' comprises and the mechanisms by which its rules evolved.

Essays on the History of Equity

Landmark Cases

This book presents the landmark cases in company law which have shaped and defined the field and is written by leading experts in the field.

Part of the market-leading Landmark Cases series, this book brings together leading experts in company law to analyse the the landmark cases in company law which have shaped and defined the field. Drawing on a range of diverse methods and a multi-disciplinary orientation, the book explains the past, present, and future of company law as well as its shape, structure, and trajectory. Company law is now understood to be a creature of statute law. The Companies Act of 2006 is a monumental piece of legislative work. Cases, however, played a central role in creating, establishing, and influencing legal ideas that were later enshrined within pieces of legislation. To identify the landmark cases in company law, the book develops an original, democratic, and objective method. It undertakes a citation analysis of cases used by 5 leading English company law textbooks. Highly cited cases are widely understood to be central to the company law curriculum. Once these cases have been identified, they are examined by leading scholars in company law. The analysis that follows sheds some much needed light on how, why, and when historic rules came into being. This contextual analysis is missing from the original law reports as well as the legislation that we see in operation today. It follows that these novel accounts of the roots of company law push beyond a simplistic narration of the case and proffer a new explanation for why legal rules took the shape that they did. Other archaeological studies also provide a fresh account of the case. Such an excavation informs the reader about legal advisors or the parties in the suit to explain why the litigation arose in this particular way, manner, or form.

Landmark Cases in Company Law

Part of the iconic Landmark Cases series, this book brings the most significant cases in charity law together for the first time. More than four hundred years have passed since the Statute of Charitable Uses of 1601, whose Preamble set out a list of charitable purposes which has formed the basis of the modern legal definition of charity. This book explores the substantial body of judge-made rules and principles developed since then, highlighting a carefully curated selection of the landmark cases which have shaped charity law. Each chapter analyses one or more judicial decisions, setting them in their historical context, explaining their contemporary importance, and considering their future relevance. The selected cases cover a broad range of topics. Some go to the heart of what it means to be a charity, elucidating charity's legal definition and public benefit requirement. Others demonstrate how charity law has been shaped by its interaction with other bodies of law, including trust law, company law and equality law, and by emerging tensions between trustees' overriding duty to further the charity's purposes and broader moral obligations or ethical considerations. The book has a core focus on English precedents, but the cases are touchstones in many jurisdictions. Our contributors therefore include scholars, judges and practitioners from Australia, Canada, New Zealand and Singapore, as well as from the UK. The result is a book that sheds new light on the application and development of charity law's defining rules and principles across the common law world.

Landmark Cases in Charity Law

This volume explores the various intellectual property dynamics that emerged during the Cold War, circa 1946-1980. This period brought about some of the most poignant moments in the development of twentieth-century international intellectual property rights, when competing economic systems recognised the value in innovation, human creativity, cinema, and international intellectual property norms and institutions. Examining these developments from a Cold War approach can say much more as it allows for the examination of processes and norms that cater to strong domestic intellectual property rules in Western capitalism while yielding to 'universal' or 'common' property norms in copyright in socialist states. This volume connects some of the different advances made in the international emergence of these competing developments regarding intellectual property rights and emphasises the role of intellectual property institutions, processes, and universalism that helped keep Cold War rivals on the same normative, foundational street for intellectual property rights. Contributors are: P. Sean Morris, Peter. B. Maggs, Lodewijk van Dycke, Hans Morten Haugen, Phillip Johnson, Jose Bellido, Johanna Gibson, Sarah Rajec, Hannibal Travis, Johanna Dahlin, and Jocelyn Bosse.

The Cold War Structure of International Intellectual Property Law, 1946-1980

When did the federal government's self-appointed, essentially limitless authority over Native America become constitutional?&nbsp;&nbsp;The story they have chosen to tell is wrong. It is time to tell a better story. Thus begins Keith Richotte's playful, unconventional look at Native American and Supreme Court history. At the center of his account is the mystery of a massive federal authority called plenary power.&nbsp;&nbsp;When the Supreme Court first embraced plenary power in the 1880s it did not bother to seek any legal justification for the decision – it was simply rooted in racist ideas about tribal nations. By the 21st century, however, the Supreme Court was telling a different story, with opinions crediting the U.S. Constitution as the explicit source of federal plenary power.&nbsp;&nbsp;So, when did the Supreme Court change its story? Just as importantly, why did it change its story? And what does this change mean for Native America, the Supreme Court, and the rule of law? In a unique twist on legal and Native history, Richotte uses the genre of trickster stories to uncover the answers to these questions and offer an alternative understanding.&nbsp;&nbsp;The Worst Trickster Story Ever Told provides an irreverent, entertaining synthesis of Native American legal history across more than 100 years, reflecting on race, power, and sovereignty along the way. By embracing the subtle, winking wisdom of trickster stories, and centering the Indigenous perspective, Richotte opens up new avenues for understanding this history. We are able, then, to imagine a future that is more just, equitable, and that better fulfills the text and the spirit of the Constitution.

Native America, the Supreme Court, and the U.S. Constitution

The Worst Trickster Story Ever Told

This open access book offersa cultural history of lawsuits that traces the development of French performance rights from la Belle Époque, throughthe Roaring Twenties, and into thePost-War period. It does so by analysing the ways in which performers, composers, and playwrights took to French courtrooms, sought attention in mass media, and participated in political debates to claim their rights to create and control musical and theatrical performance. In 19th-century France, composers and playwrights organised in member-run societies that successfully used authors' rights legislation to curb the power of theatre managers. By the turn of the 20th century, these so-called collective management organisations had transformed French cultural industries by building out structures of royalty collection and improving litigation practices. From the café-concert culture in 19th-century Montmartre and the rise of modern celebrity culture, to mass media and radio entertainment, the book traces precedent-setting litigation that defined who creates and controls performance. The book challenges previous narratives that centre the individualisation of authors in the expansion of the international copyright regime while neglecting performers. Instead, it reveals the ways in which the personality and individuality of performers have played a constitutive role in discourses about genius, technology, and legal categories. Performance as Intellectual Property is for anyone interested in the emergence of modern European cultural industries and the relationships between intellectual property systems, creativity, and art. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com Open access was funded by the European Research Council.

The Rights of Performers, Composers and Playwrights in France 1890-1950

Performance as Intellectual Property

The Failure of Diplomacy

Instruments of Peacemaking 1918-1941

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