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Hudson J: Under Siege: Standard Oil in
South China, 1915-1928

Under Siege: Standard Oil in South China, 1915-1928

A classic, seventeenth-century Chinese guide to the harmony of ordinary objects of everyday life A Penguin Classic Written in the seventeenth century by Chinese scholar Wen Zhenheng, Treatise on Superfluous Things offers a compelling glimpse into the tastes and cultural values of the educated elite in late Ming China. This guide to everyday items—from window frames and old master paintings to caged birds, fruits, and vegetables—is the most complete surviving account of the material and cultural tastes of the era in one of China’s largest and richest cities. It is also a guide to finding joy, pleasure, and harmony in the everyday objects that surround us. Penguin Classics is the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world, representing a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.

A classic, seventeenth-century Chinese guide to the harmony of ordinary objects of everyday life Written in the seventeenth century by Chinese scholar Wen Zhenheng, Treatise on Superfluous Things offers a compelling glimpse into the tastes and cultural values of the educated elite in late Ming China. This guide to everyday items—from window frames and old master paintings to caged birds, fruits, and vegetables—is the most complete surviving account of the material and cultural tastes of the era in one of China’s largest and richest cities. It is also a guide to finding joy, pleasure, and harmony in the everyday objects that surround us.

Treatise on Superfluous Things

Milton Friedman and Economic Debate in the United States

The third installment in the definitive account of the famed economist's role in economic debate--and his lasting influence on economic policy. Milton Friedman is widely recognized as one of the most significant contributors to economics in the modern age. Yet no previous study has distilled Friedman's vast body of writings into an authoritative account of his research, his policy views, and his interventions in public debate. Through his sweeping series on the most influential economist of the second half of the twentieth century, Edward Nelson closes this gap: Milton Friedman and EconomicDebate in the United States is the defining narrative on the famed public intellectual--the first to grapple comprehensively with Friedman's research output, economic framework, and legacy. Volume 3 chronicles Friedman's activities from 1973 to 1976, encompassing his final years at the University of Chicago and a period that saw his further ascension in national prominence. In the mid-1970s, economic news dominated American political discourse as the nation endured double-digit inflation and recession. It was during this time that Friedman's views became a center of economic debate in both the research world and public debate, while his explanation for "stagflation" formed part of the critique of stabilization policy that would lead to his 1976 Nobel Prize. Nelson details the controversies that Friedman faced in the media--including his contrarian stances on inflation's cure, the economic implications of oil price shocks, and the social responsibility of business--and how Friedman concluded that the world needed a "new Adam Smith" to press the case for free markets. Drawing upon a large body of documentary sources, interviews with dozens of the people closest to Friedman, and his own expertise in Friedman's research area of monetary analysis, Nelson provides the definitive account of the formative (and uneven) events in Friedman's foray into life as a public intellectual and how his research permanently shifted economic thinking.

Milton Friedman and Economic Debate in the United States, 1973-1976, Vol. 3

Critical and Post-Keynesian Perspectives

A History of Modern Macroeconomics

In a moment of interlocking and compounding crises that many commentators have aptly termed the "polycrisis," a leading economist offers a clear-eyed account of the underlying trends fueling the global instability and market mayhem that have come to characterize contemporary capitalism. 
 
Rampant inequality. Unchecked climate change. A global pandemic. And now, seething international divisions and the escalatory spiral of war and state violence. As the world moves toward the end of the 2020s, each of the pieces of this mosaic are becoming impossible to ignore, but how do they all fit together? And where is it all heading? 
 
To answer these questions, Marxist economist Michael Roberts draws on his forty-plus years of experience working in various financial institutions in the City of London to provide an empirically grounded and wide-ranging appraisal of the global situation. 
 
Roberts takes readers on a tour of the contemporary global economy, first by turning back to the Great Recession of 2008, and then offering a granular look at the economic priorities and contradictions of every region of the world. 
 
What emerges from this accounting of the polycrisis is the inescapable fact that capitalism's rapacious drive toward profit over and against any geopolitical boundaries or ecological limits threatens both humanity and the planet.&nbsp;

Depression, Polycrisis, and the World Economy in the 2020s

Time Is Running Out

Ethnic and Indigenous Business Studies

How could 
 Homo sapiens
 survive for so long when all other 
 Homo
 went extinct? This multidisciplinary book provides a detailed synthesis of published knowledge by archaeologists and other scientists on the production, trade and daily activities of ancient peoples. It locates populations within the changing environment of the planet (glaciations and deglaciations, wet and dry climates, physical, economic, and social periods over the long spans of the Pleistocene and Holocene). Research for this work was sourced from various fields, including archaeology, anthropology, ethnology, geology, zoology, and paleontology. Emerging disciplines such as genomics, paleobiology, paleomedicine and zoopharmacognosy contribute new insights into the living conditions and challenges that confronted our ancestors.
 The first part of the book focuses mainly on Indigenous Peoples of the Americas, particularly North America (Canada, United States, and Mexico), although some sources and examples are drawn from other regions of the world. Through case studies based on scholarly records, ancient networks covering distances of thousands of kilometers in Africa, North America and Eurasia are described. The second part addresses ancient modes of survival, communication, storytelling, and migration of Indigenous populations in their traditional natural environments, from the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras to the present. Diet, horticulture, and modes of land, river, and sea transport are detailed, in the context of migration routes from Africa to Eurasia and in the Pacific and the Americas. The third part deals with the past seven and the next seven generations. It provides a description of recent and present-day Indigenous peoples and communities and their interactions with governments and industries. Case studies illustrate issues about the legitimacy of foreign or domestic companies operating on Indigenous territories, both in North America and some other continents. The traditional mindset of certain Indigenous populations in North America is described. The book concludes with an examination of how business legitimacy may be established and the types of engagement approaches recommended by Indigenous communities’ leaders.

Human Survival through Exchanges and Migrations

Paleoeconomics and Indigenous Issues

Studies in National Governance and Emerging Technologies

This book examines how artificial intelligence systems and their applications in security and defence are entangled with governance and policy processes in the EU. Combining concepts and insights from (critical) security studies and science and technology studies, it argues that behind the various AI-related policy initiatives in the EU are particular narratives on security and defence based on European fears of technological innovation and strategic gaps. In this respect, the book casts light on how such beliefs have become increasingly instrumentalized in the European governance dynamics, and subsequently embedded in successive policy initiatives and security and defence research programmes. It challenges conventional understandings of AI technologies as mere security and defence-enabling instruments, by providing a conceptually driven analysis of how certain visions of AI help govern and control one of the most dynamic emergent socio-technical fields. The book will appeal to all those interested in artificial intelligence, security studies, technology and European governance.&nbsp;
 
 Raluca Csernatoni is a Research Fellow at Carnegie Europe, where she works on the nexus between European defence and emerging technologies. She is also Guest Professor at the Centre for Security, Diplomacy and Strategy (CSDS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium, and Visiting Faculty in the Department of International Relations, Central European University, Austria.

This book examines how artificial intelligence systems and their applications in security and defence are entangled with governance and policy processes in the EU. Combining concepts and insights from (critical) security studies and science and technology studies, it argues that behind the various AI-related policy initiatives in the EU are particular narratives on security and defence based on European fears of technological innovation and strategic gaps. In this respect, the book casts light on how such beliefs have become increasingly instrumentalized in the European governance dynamics, and subsequently embedded in successive policy initiatives and security and defence research programmes. It challenges conventional understandings of AI technologies as mere security and defence-enabling instruments, by providing a conceptually driven analysis of how certain visions of AI help govern and control one of the most dynamic emergent socio-technical fields. The book will appeal to all those interested in artificial intelligence, security studies, technology and European governance.&nbsp;

Artificial Security and the Politics of Hype in the EU

Studies in Economic History

This book provides a comprehensive overview of Central Asia's (CA) modern economic history from the 1880s to the 2020s. It is a sequel to the author's previous book, "Central Asia and the Silk Road," which covers the region's pre-modern economic history up to the 1880s and was published by Springer in 2017. Through an analysis of numerous sources, materials, and data, the book explains how the region, which had just seen the end of the Old Silk Road in the first half of the nineteenth century, was largely conquered and colonized by Russia and integrated into the European-led capitalist world economy as a supplier of raw materials.The book also presents developments from World War I through Soviet state-driven modernization and centrally planned transformation efforts, as well as partial industrialization during and after World War II. The book then examines the return to liberalization and reintegration into the global economy in the 1980s and 1990s for the now-independent former Soviet republics, or the "Stans," as well as Xinjiang-Uighur, which benefited from Chinese economic reform policies. In that context, it offers an insight into the growing Chinese influence in the region.Finally, the book presents the most recent development: Central Asia (CA) is profiting from its strategic location at the crossroads of the reemerging and strengthening overland links between East Asia and Europe, as embodied by China's New Silk Road endeavor (Belt and Road Initiative).

This book provides a comprehensive overview of Central Asia's (CA) modern economic history from the 1880s to the 2020s. It is a sequel to the author’s previous book, “Central Asia and the Silk Road,” which covers the region’s pre-modern economic history up to the 1880s and was published by Springer in 2017. Through an analysis of numerous sources, materials, and data, the book explains how the region, which had just seen the end of the Old Silk Road in the first half of the nineteenth century, was largely conquered and colonized by Russia and integrated into the European-led capitalist world economy as a supplier of raw materials.The book also presents developments from World War I through Soviet state-driven modernization and centrally planned transformation efforts, as well as partial industrialization during and after World War II. The book then examines the return to liberalization and reintegration into the global economy in the 1980s and 1990s for the now-independent former Soviet republics, or the "Stans," as well as Xinjiang-Uighur, which benefited from Chinese economic reform policies. In that context, it offers an insight into the growing Chinese influence in the region.Finally, the book presents the most recent development: Central Asia (CA) is profiting from its strategic location at the crossroads of the reemerging and strengthening overland links between East Asia and Europe, as embodied by China’s New Silk Road endeavor (Belt and Road Initiative).

On Central Asia’s Economic History, 1880s-2020s

From Colonial Periphery to New Eurasian Crossroads

How the social organization of Europe and China shaped their divergent economic and political trajectories over the past millennium In the eleventh century, when Europe was still backward and poor, China was a rich and sophisticated civilization. Yet Europe became the birthplace of democracy and the Industrial Revolution, driving the Great Enrichment, while China stagnated until the end of the twentieth century and was always ruled by autocracies. Two Paths to Prosperity traces the emergence of two very different social organizations in premodern China and Europe--the clan and the corporation--showing how they were key factors in the economic and political divergence of these two great civilizations. In this landmark book, three leading economists offer a bold new account of why Europe and China evolved along such different trajectories. In the early Middle Ages, public goods like risk sharing, religious worship, education, and conflict resolution were provided by nonstate organizations in both societies. China increasingly relied on kin-based cooperation within clans, while weaker kinship ties in Europe gave rise to corporations such as guilds, universities, and self-governing towns. Despite performing similar functions, clans and corporations were built on very different principles--with lasting consequences until today. Providing a novel answer to a fundamental question in economic and political history, Two Paths to Prosperity shows how extended kinship in Chinese society facilitated the consolidation of autocracy and hindered innovation and economic development, and how corporations in Europe influenced emerging state institutions and set the stage for the Industrial Revolution.

Culture and Institutions in Europe and China, 1000–2000

Two Paths to Prosperity

Routledge Handbooks in Economic History

The Routledge Economic History of Natural Resources

This book provides a history of currencies for each currency-issuing country or territory on Earth. Sections offer details about coins and banknotes, along with brief histories to help contextualize changes in a region's or nation's currency over time. Covering different eras, the book explores how global trade, economic policies, and geopolitical changes have influenced currency systems.A Global History of Currencies
 includes information to help researchers, economists, and history enthusiasts understand how money has shaped economies and civilizations over centuries. The organization of the book is both chronological and regional, making it easy for readers to explore how currency development differs across time periods and locations.
 Bryan Taylor
 &nbsp;is Chief Economist of Finaeon, Inc., previously known as Global Financial Data (GFD). He received his PhD in economics from Claremont Graduate University. Taylor has taught economics and finance at multiple universities. In 1990, he began building what became the Global Financial Database, a long-horizon repository created by collecting, transcribing, and harmonizing financial and economic data from historical archives worldwide. He is based in Irvine, California.
 With contributions from
 &nbsp;
 Michelle Suzanne Kangas
 , CEO of Finaeon, Inc., a financial data company. Kangas and Taylor co-founded Global Financial Data in the mid-1990s and built a proprietary financial data platform serving analysts and researchers across academia, investment firms, and industry. She is based in San Clemente, California.&nbsp;

This book provides a history of currencies for each currency-issuing country or territory on Earth. Sections offer details about coins and banknotes, along with brief histories to help contextualize changes in a region's or nation's currency over time. Covering different eras, the book explores how global trade, economic policies, and geopolitical changes have influenced currency systems.A Global History of Currencies
 includes information to help researchers, economists, and history enthusiasts understand how money has shaped economies and civilizations over centuries. The organization of the book is both chronological and regional, making it easy for readers to explore how currency development differs across time periods and locations.

A Global History of Currencies

Palgrave Studies in the History of Finance

This volume explores the economic and financial contexts behind a period of large-scale bankruptcies in Europe across the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. With a particular focus on Spanish and Italian case studies, contributions analyse numerous aspects of failure and insolvency during this time.Despite growing contemporary interest in economic crises—particularly in the aftermath of 2008—the history of bankruptcy practices and the responsibilities of financial actors within the context of early globalisation remains largely underexplored. This volume responds to that need, offering a detailed, archivally grounded and theoretically robust investigation into parallels that exist in early modern Europe. Drawing out comparative analyses between modern and early modern financial crises, the book illuminates how early modern states developed systems of guarantees in tandem with the growth of mercantile capitalism, and covers questions including public debt management, financial transparency, the accountability of economic actors, and the relationship between political and economic power. This book will be a fascinating read for scholars of early modern financial and economic history.Giuseppe De Luca
 is Professor of Economic History at the University of Milan and holds a PhD in Economic and Social History from the Bocconi University. He is Honorary Professor at The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, and Associate to the National Research Council of Italy, Institute of History of Mediterranean Europe (ISEM). He is also currently a temporary lecturer in Economics on the Strategic Management MsC at LUISS, Rome.
 Ángel Alloza Aparicio 
 is Senior Researcher at the Spanish National Research Council (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, CSIC), where he holds the position of Científico Titular at the Institute of History, within the Center for Humanities and Social Sciences (Centro de Ciencias Humanas y Sociales, CCHS) in Madrid.

This volume explores the economic and financial contexts behind a period of large-scale bankruptcies in Europe across the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. With a particular focus on Spanish and Italian case studies, contributions analyse numerous aspects of failure and insolvency during this time.Despite growing contemporary interest in economic crises—particularly in the aftermath of 2008—the history of bankruptcy practices and the responsibilities of financial actors within the context of early globalisation remains largely underexplored. This volume responds to that need, offering a detailed, archivally grounded and theoretically robust investigation into parallels that exist in early modern Europe. Drawing out comparative analyses between modern and early modern financial crises, the book illuminates how early modern states developed systems of guarantees in tandem with the growth of mercantile capitalism, and covers questions including public debt management, financial transparency, the accountability of economic actors, and the relationship between political and economic power. This book will be a fascinating read for scholars of early modern financial and economic history.

Bankruptcies, Defaults and Insolvency Proceedings in Spain and Italy, 16th – 17th Centuries

Under Siege: Standard Oil in South China, 1915-1928

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