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History (R0)

Colin Read

The Public Financiers

Ricardo, George, Clark, Ramsey, Mirrlees, Vickrey, Wicksell, Musgrave, Buchanan, Tiebout, and Stiglitz

Preface to the Great Minds in Finance Series &lt;BR&gt;Preface to this Volume&lt;BR&gt;Introduction &lt;br&gt;PART I: FIRST FORAYS INTO TAX INCIDENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY&amp;nbsp;&lt;BR&gt;1. The Early Life of David Ricardo &lt;BR&gt;2. The Times &lt;BR&gt;3. The Theory &lt;BR&gt;4. The Later Life of David Ricardo &lt;BR&gt;5. The Early Life of Henry George &lt;BR&gt;6. The Times &lt;BR&gt;7. The Theory – Progress and Poverty &lt;BR&gt;8. Legacy and Later Life &lt;BR&gt;9. John Bates Clark in Defense of the Status Quo &lt;BR&gt;10. John Bates Clark and his Times &lt;BR&gt;11. Later Life and Legacy of Henry George &lt;BR&gt;12. Later Life and Legacy of John Bates Clark &lt;br&gt;PART II: FROM BURDEN OF TAXATION TO OPTIMAL TAXATION&lt;BR&gt;13. The early years of Frank Plumpton Ramsey &lt;BR&gt;14. The paper that spawned the study of optimal taxation &lt;BR&gt;15. A short lifetime of contributions &lt;BR&gt;16. The premature loss of a great mind &lt;BR&gt;17. A Modern Extension – Vickrey and Mirrlees &lt;BR&gt;18. The Early Life of William Spencer Vickrey &lt;BR&gt;19. The Early Life of James Mirrlees &lt;BR&gt;20. The Great Idea &lt;BR&gt;21. Legacy and Applications &lt;BR&gt;22. The Nobel Prize &lt;BR&gt;23. The Later Years of James Alexander Mirrlees &lt;BR&gt;24. The Later Years of William Spencer Vickrey &lt;br&gt;PART III: DIVERGENT ARGUMENTS FOR THE PUBLIC SECTOR&lt;BR&gt;25. The Early Life of Knut Wicksell &lt;BR&gt;26. The Early Life of Richard Musgrave &lt;BR&gt;27. The Early Life of James Buchanan &lt;BR&gt;28. The Great Idea of Knut Wicksell &lt;BR&gt;29. The Times and a New Role for Government &lt;BR&gt;30. The Great Debate Between Musgrave and Buchanan &lt;BR&gt;31. The Nobel Prize for James Buchanan &lt;BR&gt;32. The Legacy of Knut Wicksell &lt;BR&gt;33. The Later Years of Richard Musgrave &lt;BR&gt;34. The Legacy and later Years of James Buchanan &lt;br&gt;PART IV: BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER: VOTING WITH THE FEET AND THE HENRY GEORGE THEOREM&lt;BR&gt;35. The Early Life of Charles Tiebout &lt;BR&gt;36. The Early Life of Joseph Stiglitz &lt;BR&gt;37. The Times of Charles Mills Tiebout &lt;BR&gt;38. The Great Idea of Charles Mills Tiebout &lt;BR&gt;39. Applications and Extensions &lt;BR&gt;40. The Early Death of Charles Tiebout &lt;BR&gt;41. The Henry George Theorem &lt;BR&gt;42. The Prize and Legacy of Joseph Stiglitz &lt;BR&gt;Section Five – What we have learned &lt;BR&gt;43. Conclusions &lt;BR&gt;Glossary &lt;BR&gt;Index &lt;BR&gt;Endnotes &lt;BR&gt;&lt;BR&gt;

County and City Extra Series

When you want only one source of information about your city or county, turn to County and City Extra. This trusted reference compiles information from many sources to provide all the key demographic and economic data for every state, county, metropolitan area, congressional district, and for all cities in the United States with a 2010 population of 25,000 or more. In one volume, you can conveniently find data from 1990 to 2023 in easy-to-read tables. The annual updating of County and City Extra for 30 years ensures its stature as a reliable and authoritative source for information. No other resource compiles this amount of detailed information into one place. Subjects covered in County and City Extra include: Population by age and raceGovernment financesIncome and povertyManufacturing, trade, and servicesCrimeHousingEducationImmigration and migrationLabor force and employmentAgriculture, land, and waterResidential constructionHealth resourcesVoting and elections The main body of this volume contains five basic parts and covers the following areas: Part A-States Part B-Counties Part C-Metropolitan areas Part D-Cities with a 2010 census population of 25,000 or more Part E-Congressional districts In addition, this publication includes: Figures and text in each section that highlight pertinent data and provide analysisRanking tables which present each geography type by various subjects including population, land area, population density, educational attainment, housing values, race, unemployment, and crime Furthermore, this volume contains several appendixes which include: Notes and explanations for further referenceDefinitions of geographic conceptsA listing of metropolitan and micropolitan areas and their component counties A list of cities by county Maps showing congressional districts, counties, and selected places within each state

Annual Metro, City, and County Data Book

County and City Extra 2026

Practical Insights

An Exploration of the SARFAESI Act

From the man that the&nbsp;New York Times&nbsp;calls “the most important person you’ve never heard of,” renowned Cambridge University economist Sir Partha Dasgupta, comes a paradigm shifting treatise, asking a simple yet profound question—what if we put a value on nature, just as we put a value on everything else?&nbsp;For just about everything of value in life, there is an economic model. If it matters to us, we have found a way to put a dollar amount on it—to quantify its importance in our lives and society. These models and metrics tell us that our economies are healthy because they are growing. And yet for as long as they have existed, our economic models have served us an incomplete picture; they fail to account for the fact that our growth is driven by a resource that we take for&nbsp;free&nbsp;and treat as&nbsp;infinite: nature.&nbsp;Indeed, for centuries we have been using nature as if it were limitless, but more than ever, we are recognizing that our demands on the natural world are unsustainable. In&nbsp;On Natural Capital, award-winning Cambridge University economist Sir Partha Dasgupta lays out a seminal new approach to economics that asks, what if we were to put a value on nature just as we value everything else? Rooted in mankind’s struggle against climate change, Dasgupta’s approach examines the existential need to rethink our relationship to nature and see its preservation as an economic imperative. Challenging much of economic thought that has come before, Dasgupta presents an urgent call to transform the focus and structures of global economics with a profound new model—one so radical that only an economist of his stature could make the world take it seriously.&nbsp;On Natural Capital&nbsp;is a bold and groundbreaking book that could, truly, change everything.

From the man that the&nbsp;New York Times&nbsp;calls “the most important person you’ve never heard of,” renowned Cambridge University economist Sir Partha Dasgupta, comes a paradigm shifting treatise, asking a simple yet profound question—what if we put a value on nature, just as we put a value on everything else?&nbsp;For just about everything of value in life, there is an economic model. If it matters to us, we have found a way to put a dollar amount on it—to quantify its importance in our lives and society. These models and metrics tell us that our economies are healthy because they are growing. And yet for as long as they have existed, our economic models have served us an incomplete picture; they fail to account for the fact that our growth is driven by a resource that we take for&nbsp;free&nbsp;and treat as&nbsp;infinite: nature.&nbsp;Indeed, for centuries we have been using nature as if it were limitless, but more than ever, we are recognizing that our demands on the natural world are unsustainable. In&nbsp;On Natural Capital, award-winning Cambridge University economist Sir Partha Dasgupta lays out a seminal new approach to economics that asks, what if we were to put a value on nature just as we value everything else? Rooted in mankind’s struggle against climate change, Dasgupta’s approach examines the existential need to rethink our relationship to nature and see its preservation as an economic imperative. Challenging much of economic thought that has come before, Dasgupta presents an urgent call to transform the focus and structures of global economics with a profound new model—one so radical that only an economist of his stature could make the world take it seriously.&nbsp;On Natural Capital&nbsp;is a bold and groundbreaking book that could, truly, change everything.

The Value of the World Around Us

On Natural Capital

A Norton Short

How Household Employers Exploit Domestic Workers

The Trafficker Next Door

Palgrave Studies in Public Debt, Spending, and Revenue

This book examines the interplay of professional norms and political accountability in the process of making decisions about whether, how, and how much debt state and local governments should incur. The careful analysis of accountability in actual decisions, focusing particularly on whether and how individual and collective decision-making behavior responds to general (stipulated) norms and situational (negotiated) expectations in their broader social contexts, is a familiar approach in the study of management and public organizations generally, but has not been extensively applied to this area of public financial decision making. Political economists, especially those identified with the public-choice approach, have done extensive macro-level normative and theoretical analysis of public debt, but not in an empirically rich fashion. This book therefore constitutes a missing link that uses analyses of selected cases to advance conceptual understandings of organizational accountability spaces in general, and decisions to incur public indebtedness and the implications of those decisions specifically, by examining the intersection of the macro, meso, and micro levels of expectations for and practices of public financial decision making.

Professionalism and Accountability in Public Finance Decision-Making

Debt Reckoning

How many daily calories would you need to feed a Charizard?Could the Death Star's laser actually blow up a planet?What is the half-life of the Incredible Hulk?And is the meaning of life really '42'?Join Dr Tom Crawford on a tour through the real-world maths of the most absurd fantasy universes. Drawing on a decade's research at some of the world's leading universities, he answers all the most bamboozling maths questions raised by Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter, Star Wars and more: from calculating Frodo Baggins' life insurance premium for his journey to Mordor, to what it would take to make the Weasley family car fly, to how rich Super Mario would be after he'd gobbled up all those coins. The result is both a dizzying compendium of fantastical 'did you know?' facts and a guide to the mathematics of life, the universe and everything.

The Real Maths of Fantasy Worlds

How Many Pikachus Would It Take to Power a Lightbulb?

Strategic lessons for monetary policy from the last two tumultuous decades based on insights from Sun Tzu, the Chinese philosopher and author of The Art of War. When central banks were forced to innovate and develop a multifaceted set of new weapons in response to the 2008 global financial crisis and 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the result was a substantial expansion in their authority and reach. In The Art of Monetary Policy, Kristin Forbes draws lessons for monetary policy of the last two decades from the principles of Sun Tzu, the author of The Art of War, a Chinese philosopher and military strategist from the fifth century BC. Tzu proposed several key principles for success—tenets that apply to monetary policy and the battlefield today: (1) plan in advance for the next battle; (2) accept and adapt to the inevitability of powerful, external shocks outside your control; (3) establish a strong tactical position; (4) develop a variety of weapons that can be combined for different maneuvers and situations; (5) maintain flexibility so that you can quickly modify your strategy; and (6) consider the longer-term costs when evaluating the trade-offs of different approaches. These principles provide insights into what central banks did (and did not) do well over the last two decades, as well as how they should deploy interest rates, balance sheets, emergency support programs, forward guidance, and macroprudential tools in the future. While the optimal strategy in both war and monetary policy is more of an “art” than a science, adopting these principles can improve our ability to battle the next crisis and build more resilient economies during peaceful periods.

Strategic lessons for monetary policy from the last two tumultuous decades based on insights from Sun Tzu, the Chinese philosopher and author of The Art of War. When central banks were forced to innovate and develop a multifaceted set of new weapons in response to the 2008 global financial crisis and 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, the result was a substantial expansion in their authority and reach. In The Art of Monetary Policy, Kristin Forbes draws lessons for monetary policy of the last two decades from the principles of Sun Tzu, the author of The Art of War, a Chinese philosopher and military strategist from the fifth century BC. Tzu proposed several key principles for success—tenets that apply to monetary policy and the battlefield today: (1) plan in advance for the next battle; (2) accept and adapt to the inevitability of powerful, external shocks outside your control; (3) establish a strong tactical position; (4) develop a variety of weapons that can be combined for different maneuvers and situations; (5) maintain flexibility so that you can quickly modify your strategy; and (6) consider the longer-term costs when evaluating the trade-offs of different approaches. These principles provide insights into what central banks did (and did not) do well over the last two decades, as well as how they should deploy interest rates, balance sheets, emergency support programs, forward guidance, and macroprudential tools in the future. While the optimal strategy in both war and monetary policy is more of an “art” than a science, adopting these principles can improve our ability to battle the next crisis and build more resilient economies during peaceful periods.

Lessons from Sun Tzu for Central Banks

The Art of Monetary Policy

Routledge Revivals

First published in 1939, An Essay on India's National Income: 1925-1929 by V. K. R. V. Rao is a pioneering study of India's economic structure during the late colonial period. The book meticulously examines income sources across agriculture, livestock, forestry, mining, industry, transport and trade employing innovative statistical methods for its time. Rao critiques previous estimates, provides detailed deductions, and offers a comprehensive analysis of national income. A foundational work for economic historians and researchers.

1925-1929

An Essay on India's National Income

Routledge Focus on Economics and Finance

This book is driven by the urgency of addressing the triple energy challenge- energy sustainability, security, and affordability. It explores a timely and policy-relevant research question, examining how effective green fiscal policies are in fostering the adoption of energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable technologies. It assesses whether such instruments are more effective when implemented in isolation or as part of a coordinated policy-mix, and investigates the right design, dosage and sequencing of their deployment. The analysis centers on three principal fiscal instruments-environmental taxes, green investment subsidies, and green investment tax credits-and distinguishes between different types of green technologies, namely superior cleaner production technologies and inferior end-of-pipe solutions.The book provides a comprehensive and empirically rigorous evaluation of green fiscal policies and their role in the green transition, framing them as a crucial corrective mechanism capable of bridging the gap between private and social returns to green innovation. It offers a comprehensive review of modern econometric methodologies employed in this growing field-including fixed effects models, categorical treatment matching, difference-in-differences, complementarity and sequential analyses -and contributes an original empirical study on the impact of fiscal rule changes on technology adoption outcomes. Lastly, it offers policy recommendations for the implementation of green fiscal policies.This volume serves as a valuable resource for a broad readership, including graduate students, academic researchers, international organizations, and policy professionals-particularly those concerned with finance and the environment.

Towards Energy Efficiency

Green Fiscal Policy and Firm Behaviour

Population Economics

This book introduces edumetrics, a rigorous, interdisciplinary framework for measuring learning outcomes over time and across space. Based on Lord Kelvin’s maxim that "to measure is to know," edumetrics redefines education as an empirical science that integrates economics, psychology, and social science to quantify cognitive and non-cognitive competencies.

By harmonizing data from over 120 countries spanning half a century, the book transforms fragmented indicators into coherent measures of learning quality and equity. It critiques the limitations of traditional human capital theory and challenges the use of years of schooling as a proxy for skill. Through econometric analysis, historical inquiry, and global datasets, including Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling, it reveals that educational structures, not just resources, shape productivity, adaptability, and social cohesion.

At its core, the book addresses the paradox of why rising investments in schooling have not yielded proportional gains in learning. With its integration of theory, data, and historical perspective, it serves as both a methodological blueprint and a call to rethink how we define, measure, and value learning in the twenty-first century.

This book introduces edumetrics, a rigorous, interdisciplinary framework for measuring learning outcomes over time and across space. Based on Lord Kelvin’s maxim that “to measure is to know,” edumetrics redefines education as an empirical science that integrates economics, psychology, and social science to quantify cognitive and non-cognitive competencies.By harmonizing data from over 120 countries spanning half a century, the book transforms fragmented indicators into coherent measures of learning quality and equity. It critiques the limitations of traditional human capital theory and challenges the use of years of schooling as a proxy for skill. Through econometric analysis, historical inquiry, and global datasets, including Learning-Adjusted Years of Schooling, it reveals that educational structures, not just resources, shape productivity, adaptability, and social cohesion.At its core, the book addresses the paradox of why rising investments in schooling have not yielded proportional gains in learning. With its integration of theory, data, and historical perspective, it serves as both a methodological blueprint and a call to rethink how we define, measure, and value learning in the twenty-first century.

The Public Financiers

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