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Minasny B: Stories from Medan, Volume 2

Stories from Medan, Volume 2

Plantations, Politics, and Colonial Life

Milton Friedman and Economic Debate in the United States

The fourth installment of the sweeping account of the most influential economist in modern times, focusing on his crossover into the public sphere. Milton Friedman is widely recognized as one of the most significant contributors to economics in the modern age. Yet no previous study has distilled Friedman's vast body of writings into an authoritative account of his research, his policy views, and his interventions in public debate. Through his sweeping series on the most influential economist of the second half of the twentieth century, Edward Nelson closes this gap: Milton Friedman and EconomicDebate in the United States is the defining narrative on the famed public intellectual--the first to grapple comprehensively with Friedman's research output, economic framework, and legacy. Volume 4 of Nelson's intellectual and policy biography offers an exacting portrait of Friedman's career following his departure from the University of Chicago. Spanning 1977 to 1979, Nelson's narrative details Friedman's move to California and his greater immersion in public policy, including his project with Rose Friedman and television professionals to create a TV series giving his viewpoint. Nelson details the successes and failures of Friedman's years of extraordinary influence, including: <ul><li>His warnings about US inflation returning to double digits in 1979;</li><li>The changes in professional thinking in the US economics profession and policymaking toward acceptance of Friedman's view that inflation is a monetary phenomenon;</li><li>The rise of Paul Volcker to head of the Federal Reserve and his integration of monetarist ideas into US monetary policy;</li><li>Friedman's proposal to phase in a zero-tariff arrangement in the United States; </li><li>His role in the tax revolt of the 1970s--including his break with the emerging supply-side economics movement on the effects of tax cuts;</li><li>The second oil-price shock and Friedman's critique of the Carter Administration's energy policy;</li><li>The resilience after 1976 of Ronald Reagan's presidential ambitions and Friedman's 1979 endorsement of Reagan for president in the 1980 election.</li></ul>Drawing upon a large body of documentary sources, interviews with dozens of the people closest to Friedman, and his own expertise in Friedman's research area of monetary analysis, Nelson offers the definitive account of what proved to be pivotal years for Friedman and the field of economics.

Milton Friedman and Economic Debate in the United States, 1977–1979, Vol. 4

Palgrave Studies in Economic History

This edited volume presents new research on the expansion and internationalisation of Italian banking during the first century after unification. It argues that, unlike the profit-driven overseas expansion of banks in other major European powers, Italy’s international banking strategy was closely linked to state-backed political and diplomatic ambitions.Bringing together leading scholars of Italian banking history, the volume examines how Italian banks pursued foreign markets despite operating in a capital-scarce economy. It explores strategies such as interbank cooperation, remittance management, foreign investment, and foreign exchange operations, while highlighting the roles of Catholic finance and the Bank of Italy. The contributors also reveal how financial expansion intersected with Italy’s imperial ambitions, both in its colonies and beyond. Offering fresh perspectives on the relationship between finance, state power, and international expansion, the volume will appeal to historians of banking, finance, and modern economic history.Giampaolo Conte&nbsp;
 is Associate Professor of Economic History at Roma Tre University, Italy, and Editor-in-Chief of 
 The Journal of European Economic History
 . He has been a Visiting Scholar and Fellow at the University of Cambridge and the London School of Economics, and has twice been Visiting Lecturer at the International Institute of Social Studies (ISS) in The Hague, the Netherlands. His research has been published in leading international scholarly journals. He is the author of two monographs published by Routledge:&nbsp;
 A History of Capitalist Transformation: A Critique of Liberal-Capitalist Reforms
 &nbsp;(2024) and&nbsp;
 Debt and Imperialism in the Mediterranean: Politics of Default and Diplomacy in the 19th Century
 (2026).
 Luciano Maffi 
 is an Associate Professor at the Department of Economics and Management of the University of Parma. Previously, he was Lecturer at the same department and Lecturer at the University of Salento in Lecce. He studies the primary sector and food production in Early Modern and Modern history. He focuses on economic, financial, and social history, with particular attention to private bankers from medieval period to the nineteenth century. He recently published: 
 Private bankers in the Italian 19th century. The Parodi of Genoa in the national and international context: credit, financial and political relations
 , Cham, Palgrave Macmillan, 2020.

This edited volume presents new research on the expansion and internationalisation of Italian banking during the first century after unification. It argues that, unlike the profit-driven overseas expansion of banks in other major European powers, Italy’s international banking strategy was closely linked to state-backed political and diplomatic ambitions.Bringing together leading scholars of Italian banking history, the volume examines how Italian banks pursued foreign markets despite operating in a capital-scarce economy. It explores strategies such as interbank cooperation, remittance management, foreign investment, and foreign exchange operations, while highlighting the roles of Catholic finance and the Bank of Italy. The contributors also reveal how financial expansion intersected with Italy’s imperial ambitions, both in its colonies and beyond. Offering fresh perspectives on the relationship between finance, state power, and international expansion, the volume will appeal to historians of banking, finance, and modern economic history.

Italian Banks and Bankers in Foreign Markets, 1860–1960

Italian Financial Expansion and State-Building

Historical Perspectives on Modern Economics

The history of money and banking has undergone three major transformations: from commodity money (e.g. currency backed by gold), to fiat money (e.g. currency not backed by a commodity), and now toward intangible money (e.g. digital forms without any backing). While the shift from commodity to fiat money was momentous, the transition to intangible money has profound implications for banking, monetary policy, and financial stability. Intangible Money, Banking, and Information provides a comprehensive overview of these transformations from the perspective of both the history of economic thought and monetary economics. It shows how advances in information and communication technology have accelerated the transition to intangible money, reshaping how transactions are recorded and how monetary systems function. At the same time, it argues that rapid financial innovation and deregulation have dramatically expanded the scale and complexity of banking and markets-often with destabilizing consequences.

The Monetary System in Theoretical and Historical Perspective

Intangible Money, Banking, and Information

What can a Roman coin, a Chumash shell necklace, and a Bitcoin tell us about world history? This book traces the surprising life of money across centuries and civilizations. The Daily Life of Money in History offers an eye-opening look at how humans have exchanged value across time and cultures. Each of the 150 entries explores a single object-beautifully illustrated and deeply contextualized-to uncover how people bought, sold, traded, saved, and survived through the ages. Designed with researchers, educators, students, and curious readers in mind, this richly visual volume brings together cultural history, economic life, and global exchange in a highly accessible format. Each object includes origin details, historical purchasing power, and its legacy today-making it an ideal reference for classrooms, libraries, and history lovers alike.

The Daily Life of Money in History

Gudang Garam follows the life of Gudang Garam founder Surya Wonowidjoyo's family through his early years, beginning in the early 1920s when his family moved from China Fuzhou to Indonesia, and traces his life from utter poverty as an Indonesian diaspora to founding the cigarette factory in Indonesia in the 1980s. In a parallel story, we follow the life of a young beautiful ballerina- Lelly, who eventually becomes the third wife of Surya in a romantic love story.

Gudang Garam

Markets and Governments in Economic History

How the market that made the American Dream was made--and what that history tells us about its future and fluctuations. When Americans poured into cities and suburbs during the twentieth century, they needed capital to build and own homes. The market that emerged did more than merely provide it: the American mortgage market became the consequential, if occasionally misunderstood, cornerstone of the US financial system. House Money traces the history of the growth and occasional collapse of the American mortgage market over the last 150 years. Jonathan Rose and Kenneth Snowden show how three major housing-related crises (of the 1930s, 1980s, and 2000s) were not just cyclical events nor bubbles. Rather, they were episodes in a common pattern: shocks produced when the availability of capital in the market was eclipsed by the risk the market took on. Rose and Snowden chart the macro factors that produced these capital/risk asymmetries, showing that in all three crises, the macroeconomic trends--not just bubbles, not banker avarice--conspired to create a downturn despite federal and private safeguards. This illustrates Rose and Snowden's core principle: housing markets can (and often, must) shoulder considerable risk. When the capital behind that risk evaporates, trouble becomes more likely. Mining more than a century of economic history, Rose and Snowden show how the institutions and practices in the American mortgage market reflect the push-pulls of its past--both the private innovations and the government interventions. House Money reveals the great risk undertaken in service to American homeownership--and the perennial question of what happens when that risk goes wrong.

A History of the American Mortgage Market

House Money

How the circulation of coins reflects the movement of people and goods in Roman Egypt In The Nile Flows with Gold, Irene Soto Martín examines ancient Egypt’s economic integration with the Roman world through a numismatic lens. Soto Marín shows that the circulation of coins after the monetary reforms of Diocletian in the third century CE offers a new perspective on broader questions of trade, connectivity, and provincial economic strength in Roman Egypt. When Egypt entered the imperial monetary zone, it was a monumental change for the province—but it also removed a monetary barrier that had separated Egypt from the rest of the Empire. Patterns of circulation, considered with papyrological and archaeological data, show Roman Egypt to be a monetized, economically powerful province able to absorb coinage from all mints around the Empire. Soto Marín argues that Egypt’s monetary profile offers compelling evidence for a sustained positive balance of trade, demonstrating that the province exported substantially more goods than it imported and occupied a uniquely central position in the Roman economy. She situates these findings within a broader historical context, tracing Egypt’s monetary history from the Pharaonic period through the fourth century CE and describing the evolution of its monetary systems, the demise of silver, and the emergence of gold as the de facto currency of the late Roman world. Egypt’s economic prominence, she contends, was rooted not simply in its role within the Empire but in enduring geographical and commercial advantages that connected the Mediterranean, Africa, and the Near East for millennia.

Money and the Global Economy of Roman Egypt

The Nile Flows with Gold

“I really enjoyed reading this. Robert Ippaso covers inflation from Hammurabi to COVID-19 in an entertaining manner, illustrating the social impact—including the reactionary impacts—of inflation. The book provides a wealth of information about inflation. Eager readers: Be prepared to take the book page by page, section by section. This is a great book.”—Bryan Taylor, Chief Economist, Finaeon Inc. and author of 
 A Global History of Currencies
 &nbsp;
 Inflation, Its Victims, and Its Profiteers&nbsp; examines four millennia of monetary turbulence to show that inflation is neither modern nor mysterious—merely humanity's oldest recurring argument between what things cost and what people will accept.Tracing price instability from Mesopotamian grain edicts to twenty-first-century currency crises, the book identifies the patterns that connect ancient debasement, wartime finance, and contemporary policy failures. Economic incentives, political pressures, and the enduring irrationality of human behaviour collectively shape every inflationary episode — and history suggests today's are no more unprecedented than they feel.Seven sections move from conceptual foundations to forensic case studies: how industries from automotive manufacturing to oil have adapted; how criminal networks thrive in inflationary environments; how professions insulate themselves from monetary erosion; how central banking, dollarization, and digital currencies have each promised stability with mixed results. The centrepiece surveys inflation crises across civilisations — Mesopotamia to modern Latin America — before a closing chapter projects likely trajectories in developed economies over the next quarter-century.A book for anyone who suspects that rising prices deserve more than a newspaper column — and that the past has rather more to say about the present than policymakers prefer to admit.&nbsp;Robert Ippaso
 is an economist, economic historian, and international entrepreneur whose four decades of business experience across six continents inform his reading of inflation as a living force rather than an academic abstraction. He holds a PhD in Entrepreneurship and Innovation and a BA (Hons) in Economics and Economic History.

Inflation, Its Victims, and Its Profiteers&nbsp; examines four millennia of monetary turbulence to show that inflation is neither modern nor mysterious—merely humanity's oldest recurring argument between what things cost and what people will accept.Tracing price instability from Mesopotamian grain edicts to twenty-first-century currency crises, the book identifies the patterns that connect ancient debasement, wartime finance, and contemporary policy failures. Economic incentives, political pressures, and the enduring irrationality of human behaviour collectively shape every inflationary episode — and history suggests today's are no more unprecedented than they feel.Seven sections move from conceptual foundations to forensic case studies: how industries from automotive manufacturing to oil have adapted; how criminal networks thrive in inflationary environments; how professions insulate themselves from monetary erosion; how central banking, dollarization, and digital currencies have each promised stability with mixed results. The centrepiece surveys inflation crises across civilisations — Mesopotamia to modern Latin America — before a closing chapter projects likely trajectories in developed economies over the next quarter-century.A book for anyone who suspects that rising prices deserve more than a newspaper column — and that the past has rather more to say about the present than policymakers prefer to admit.

Four Millennia of Crises and Stabilizations

Inflation, Its Victims, and Its Profiteers

Empire and Big Business in the Twentieth-Century British State

The Business State

This is the first book to provide a comprehensive study of the earliest, missionary-mediated translations of Adam Smith's The Wealth of Nations in late Qing China (1840-1895). Moving beyond the iconic 1902 translation by Yan Fu, it uncovers a formative half-century of conceptual co-production when Western missionaries and Chinese literati collaboratively refracted Smithian ideas. Through meticulous analysis of neglected texts, the book demonstrates how selective excerpting and the traditional hermeneutic strategy of ge-yi ("concept matching") forged a hybrid economic lexicon. This process embedded core concepts such as value, labor, and wealth within indigenous discourses of state strength (fuqiang, ¿¿, fù qiáng, "seeking wealth and power"), creating a mediated "first Wealth of Nations" for China.Methodologically bridging Translation Studies, Conceptual History, and Global History of Economic Thought, this work offers a new model for analyzing the transnational journey of canonical texts. It resolves the longstanding gap in understanding how Smith's foundational ideas were initially made accessible and relevant in a non-Western context. Timely in this 250th anniversary of Smith's masterpiece, the book reshapes understanding of the origins of modern Chinese economic thought and the global circulation of economic knowledge.

Missionary Mediations and the Making of Economic Discourse, (1840-1895)

The First “Wealth of Nations” in China

A challenge to incentivization as a dominant framework for understanding and governing people From corporate management and consumer behavior to public health and climate policy, incentives are widely treated as a neutral and effective way to shape how people act. In this book, Guus Dix shows that incentives are not simple policy nudges; they lull us into a passive understanding of ourselves as being merely responsive to changes others make to our environment. They foster a politics of incremental tweaks to a socially and ecologically destructive economic system that we are expected to accept without question. Dix argues that it is time to challenge the reign of incentives in contemporary science and public life. Dix traces the evolution of the incentive, from the engineering of performance charts and rewards for factory workers to combating gridlock at Britain’s National Health Service. He describes the function of incentives under socialism, theories of adjustment incentives developed at the Harvard Business School to manage employees, and incentivizing whole economies—both socialist and capitalist. He shows that incentivization is a distinct way of wielding power. Incentives have become part of a quasi-universal governing philosophy that keeps us from addressing such major issues as poverty and the climate crisis. Finally, Dix analyzes the limits of incentivization, arguing that being governed by incentives keeps us from considering government policies that have the potential to bring about meaningful and transformative change.

A Critical History of a Powerful Idea

Incentives

Stories from Medan, Volume 2

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