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Bellarte K: Sanctioncraft

Sanctioncraft

The Art and Limits of Economic Coercion

Scientific Essay from the year 2014 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 69, University of Sheffield (Department of Politics), course: The Political Economy of Globalisation, language: English, abstract: To cite an example of global illicit trade, a credit card fraud begins with a Vietnamese shopkeeper in USA as he swipes the customer card in a special fraud machine. This machine electronically transmits card details to Hong Kong crime syndicate, which collects the information from different ports in US to send it to Malaysia for manufacturing of fake credit cards. These cards are then couriered to Italy where another organised crime group sells them to their Russian counterparts in Czechoslovakia. Here these cards are used to make payments for several online orders in London, Paris and Rome; goods are then flown and sold in Moscow, Russia within 200 hours of first card swipe. According to an online estimate, the global illicit market value stands at US $1.78 trillion. The intricacies of its transnational web are far more complicated then its legal counterpart. This essay analyses the relationship between globalisation and clandestine economy of the globe.

Illicit Economy and Globalisation. The Paradoxical Bond

An incisive economic and political history of the Panama Canal On August 15, 1914, the Panama Canal officially opened for business, forever changing the face of global trade and military power, as well as the role of the United States on the world stage. The Canal's creation is often seen as an example of U.S. triumphalism, but Noel Maurer and Carlos Yu reveal a more complex story. Examining the Canal's influence on Panama, the United States, and the world, The Big Ditch deftly chronicles the economic and political history of the Canal, from Spain's earliest proposals in 1529 through the final handover of the Canal to Panama on December 31, 1999, to the present day. The authors show that the Canal produced great economic dividends for the first quarter-century following its opening, despite massive cost overruns and delays. Relying on geographical advantage and military might, the United States captured most of these benefits. By the 1970s, however, when the Carter administration negotiated the eventual turnover of the Canal back to Panama, the strategic and economic value of the Canal had disappeared. And yet, contrary to skeptics who believed it was impossible for a fledgling nation plagued by corruption to manage the Canal, when the Panamanians finally had control, they switched the Canal from a public utility to a for-profit corporation, ultimately running it better than their northern patrons. A remarkable tale, The Big Ditch offers vital lessons about the impact of large-scale infrastructure projects, American overseas interventions on institutional development, and the ability of governments to run companies effectively.

On August 15, 1914, the Panama Canal officially opened for business, forever changing the face of global trade and military power, as well as the role of the United States on the world stage. Examining the Canal's influence on Panama, the United States, and the world, this title chronicles the economic and political history of the Canal.

How America Took, Built, Ran, and Ultimately Gave Away the Panama Canal

The Big Ditch

Literature Review from the year 2020 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: A, City University of New York City College (CCNY), course: International Relations, language: English, abstract: There are intense debates around effectiveness of economic sanctions in political economy. Sanctioned governments are being under pressure of travel bans, financial restrictions, military coercion, surviving in a difficult economic situations and being forced to change policies and seek compromises. It is well studied that economic coercions have a negative effects on target states economies, especially with military interventions. But what is the effect of sanctions for countries which impose those sanctions having FDI inflow in targeted economies? 

The main question of all collected articles is relationship between economic sanctions and foreign direct investment (FDI). The objective is to highlight how FDI has been negatively or positively affected in targeted countries and how investors benefit from FDI. All articles used literature reviews and empirical analyses based on time-series cross-national data. 

The critical analysis of the study will be divided into 3 categories: 1. Unilateral and bilateral sanctions which describe relations between a sender and a target 2. The role of third-party countries in terms of cooperation as allies or rivals who undertake the dominant position of a sender 3. Important aspects when sanctions are effective to be imposed such as aspect of time (short or long-run), a degree of economic pain (military or economic coercion), entry mode (through multilateral corporations or join ventures), competitiveness of firms and the value of exchange rate.

How Do Economic Sanctions Affect Foreign Direct Investments (FDI)?

Economic sanctions as a foreign policy tool is used by sender countries to change policy or behavior of a target country. The economic sanctions are multilevel phenomena that not only affects both sides of the action but also have implications for third parties, reshaping the political and economic relations of the sender and target countries with the other states. The effects of the economic sanctions imposed by the West on Russia and Turkey have direct implications for the balance of power in the region and globally. Therefore, this paper aims to examine how did economic sanctions (re)shape the economic relations between Russia and Turkey. In doing so, the paper applies explanatory sequential mixed methods. First, logarithmic regression model was conducted by time series data over the period ranging from 1992 to 2018. The paper confirms that economic sanctions imposed on target countries that already have trade relations increase the bilateral trade between them, especially for Turkish case. Subsequently, content analysis was conducted reviewing annual data starting from 1992 but mostly focusing on 2014-2018 period. The analysis shows that because the sender countries are important trade partners in the target countries, to counterbalance the effects of economic sanctions target countries choose to diversify their trade. According to the results, Russia diversified towards Asia and Central Asia while Turkey increased its trade with the EU which is mutual ally of the US and Turkey. Excluding the 2015 plane crisis between Russia and Turkey, the Western sanctions imposed on both countries increased the bilateral trade between them. However, these two countries are the first choice of each other when it comes to trade partner diversification.

THE RESHAPED ECONOMIC RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND TURKEY AFTER WESTERN ECONOMIC SANCTIONS

The essays here address the relationship between economic interdependence and international conflict, the political economy of economic sanctions, and the role of economic incentives in international statecraft.

Economic Statecraft, Interdependence and National Security

Power and the Purse

Governance, Risk Management, Financial Regulation, and Compliance is an advanced, real-world guide to understanding and tackling the myriad challenges of the financial sector. With an integrated approach to the four key interrelated topics, this book marries academic rigour with practical understanding to set out a theoretical context as a background upon which to juxtapose realistic case studies and examples. Readers are encouraged to adopt a "big picture" view, and think beyond ratio calculation and price instruments to recognise the impact that financial firms and their actions have on stakeholders and the society in which such firms operate. With guidance toward managing strategy, risk, regulation, and compliance, this book provides a level of coverage rarely found in current literature. Books on these issues generally fall at either end of the spectrum - either focused, detailed, single-issue texts, or vague, mainstream guides to the financial crisis. This book spans the entire spectrum, combining the two extremes to present a comprehensive approach to the interlinked problems at the heart of the financial sector's challenges. <ul> <li>Understand the nature of financial intermediations and the functions, objectives, and strategic choices for each sector</li> <li>Examine the oversight of financial firms with a taxonomy of key risks and coverage of risk appetite</li> <li>Review the basis for financial regulation, with historical context and the legal basis for regulatory practice</li> <li>Explore the practicalities of Basel 2, Dodd-Frank, Solvency 2, UCITS, MIFIC, TCF, corporate codes of governance, and more</li> </ul> The financial crisis has made it clear that those at the top of the sector need a better understanding of the issues they face. With complete coverage and practical solutions, this book provides thorough information and expert insight on Governance, Risk Management, Financial Regulation, and Compliance.

Governance, Risk Management, Financial Regulation, and Compliance is an advanced, real-world guide to understanding and tackling the myriad challenges of the financial sector.

Governance, Risk Management, Financial Regulation and Compliance: An Integrated Approach

AN INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER "Deftly written, Chokepoints is a compelling and dramatic narrative about the new shape of geopolitics." — Daniel Yergin, The Wall Street Journal "A timely, riveting world tour...[An] absorbing book." — The Economist “Remarkable...One of the most important books on economic warfare ever written.” —&nbsp;Paul Kennedy, author of The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers The epic story of how America turned the world economy into a weapon, upending decades of globalization to take on a new authoritarian axis—Russia, China, and Iran. It used to be that ravaging another country’s economy required blockading its ports and laying siege to its cities. Now all it takes is a statement posted online by the U.S. government. In Chokepoints, Edward Fishman, a former top State Department sanctions official, takes us deep into the back rooms of power to reveal the untold history of the last two decades of U.S. foreign policy, in which America renounced the gospel of globalization and waged a new kind of economic war. As Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping, and Ayatollah Khamenei wreaked havoc on the world stage, mavericks within the U.S. government built a fearsome new arsenal of economic weapons, exploiting America’s dominance in global finance and technology. Successive U.S. presidents have relied on these unconventional weapons to address the most pressing national-security threats, for good and for ill. Chokepoints provides a thrilling account of one of the most critical geopolitical developments of our time, demystifying the complex strategies the U.S. government uses to harness the power of Wall Street, Silicon Valley, and Big Oil against America’s enemies. At the center of the narrative is an eclectic group of policy innovators: the diplomats, lawyers, and financial whizzes who’ve masterminded America’s escalating economic wars against Russia, China, and Iran. Economic warfare has become the primary way the United States confronts international crises and counters rivals. Sometimes it has achieved spectacular success; other times, bitter failure. The result we live with today is a new world order: an economic arms race among great powers and a fracturing global economy. Chokepoints is the definitive account of how America pioneered this new, hard-hitting style of economic war—and how it’s changing the world.

AN INSTANT NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER "Deftly written, Chokepoints is a compelling and dramatic narrative about the new shape of geopolitics." — Daniel Yergin, The Wall Street Journal "A timely, riveting world tour...[An] absorbing book." — The Economist “Remarkable...One of the most important books on economic warfare ever written.” —&nbsp;Paul Kennedy, author of The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers The epic story of how America turned the world economy into a weapon, upending decades of globalization to take on a new authoritarian axis—Russia, China, and Iran. It used to be that ravaging another country’s economy required blockading its ports and laying siege to its cities. Now all it takes is a statement posted online by the U.S. government. In Chokepoints, Edward Fishman, a former top State Department sanctions official, takes us deep into the back rooms of power to reveal the untold history of the last two decades of U.S. foreign policy, in which America renounced the gospel of globalization and waged a new kind of economic war. As Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping, and Ayatollah Khamenei wreaked havoc on the world stage, mavericks within the U.S. government built a fearsome new arsenal of economic weapons, exploiting America’s dominance in global finance and technology. Successive U.S. presidents have relied on these unconventional weapons to address the most pressing national-security threats, for good and for ill. Chokepoints provides a thrilling account of one of the most critical geopolitical developments of our time, demystifying the complex strategies the U.S. government uses to harness the power of Wall Street, Silicon Valley, and Big Oil against America’s enemies. At the center of the narrative is an eclectic group of policy innovators: the diplomats, lawyers, and financial whizzes who’ve masterminded America’s escalating economic wars against Russia, China, and Iran. Economic warfare has become the primary way the United States confronts international crises and counters rivals. Sometimes it has achieved spectacular success; other times, bitter failure. The result we live with today is a new world order: an economic arms race among great powers and a fracturing global economy. Chokepoints is the definitive account of how America pioneered this new, hard-hitting style of economic war—and how it’s changing the world.

American Power in the Age of Economic Warfare

Chokepoints

Broken Trust: How Economic Turmoil Shaped Zimbabwe's Financial Landscape

Now in its second edition!

An effective and robust economic sanctions compliance program is essential in today's complex global landscape. Gain the confidence to navigate the complex global landscape with The Plain-English Guide to Developing an Economic Sanctions Program. This book offers practical strategies, real-life examples, and clear instructions to help you develop your program and protect your business. 

- Build a stronger, more secure future by implementing a resilient sanctions program.
- Empower yourself with the knowledge and tools to effectively assess risks and test compliance.
- Transform your confidence and ability to navigate the complex global landscape.
- Learn from practical strategies and real-life examples to enhance your skills in the field.
- Protect your business and ensure its success with a strong sanctions program.

In this book, you will find:

- Practical insights and strategies for developing an effective economic sanctions program.
- Real-life examples to illustrate key concepts and strategies.
- Clear instructions and step-by-step guidance for implementing your program.
- Tips for assessing risks and testing compliance to ensure your program is effective.
- Expert advice from an industry professional with years of experience.

Don't wait any longer to take control of your economic sanctions program. This guide will empower you to build a resilient sanctions program, paving the way for a stronger and more secure future.

The Plain-English Guide to Developing an Economic Sanctions Program

Princeton Studies in International History and Politics

How psychology explains why a leader is willing to use military force to protect or salvage reputation In Who Fights for Reputation, Keren Yarhi-Milo provides an original framework, based on insights from psychology, to explain why some political leaders are more willing to use military force to defend their reputation than others. Rather than f

The Psychology of Leaders in International Conflict

Who Fights for Reputation

The Wiley Finance Series

&lt;b&gt;Devise an organized, proactive approach to financial compliance&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Financial Regulation and Compliance&lt;/i&gt; provides detailed, step-by-step guidance for the compliance professional seeking to manage overlapping and new regulatory responsibilities. Written by David Kotz, former Inspector General of the SEC with additional guidance provided by leading experts, this book is a one-stop resource for navigating the numerous regulations that have been enacted in response to the financial crisis. You'll learn how best to defend your organization from SEC, CFTC, FINRA, and NFA Enforcement actions, how to prepare for SEC, FINRA, and NFA regulatory examinations, how to manage the increasing volume of whistleblower complaints, how to efficiently and effectively investigate these complaints, and more. Detailed discussion of the regulatory process explains how aggressive you should be in confronting federal agencies and self-regulatory organizations and describes how commenting on issues that affect your business area can be productive or not. The companion website includes a glossary of terms, regulations and government guidance, relevant case law, research databases, and FAQs about various topics, giving you a complete solution for keeping abreast of evolving compliance issues.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;These days, compliance professionals are faced with a myriad of often overlapping regulatory challenges. Increased aggressiveness on the part of regulators has led to increased demand on financial firms, but this book provides clear insight into navigating the changes and building a more robust compliance function.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Strengthen internal compliance and governance programs&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Manage whistleblower programs and conduct effective investigations&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Understand how to minimize exposure and liability from Enforcement actions&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Learn how to prepare for the different types of regulatory examinations&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Minimize exposure from FCPA violations&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Understand the pros and cons of commenting on regulations&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;The volume and pace of regulatory change is causing new and diverse pressures on compliance professionals. Navigate the choppy waters successfully with the insider guidance in &lt;i&gt;Financial Regulation and Compliance&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;

H. David Kotz

How to Manage Competing and Overlapping Regulatory Oversight

Financial Regulation and Compliance

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER •&nbsp;The epic story of how America turned the world economy into a weapon, upending decades of globalization to confront a new authoritarian axis—Russia, China, and Iran. "Deftly written, Chokepoints is a compelling and dramatic narrative about the new shape of geopolitics." — Daniel Yergin, The Wall Street Journal "A timely, riveting world tour...[An] absorbing book." — The Economist “Remarkable...One of the most important books on economic warfare ever written.” —&nbsp;Paul Kennedy, author of The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers Selected as a Best Book of the Year by The Economist, Financial Times, Bloomberg, and NPR • Finalist for the Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award It used to be that ravaging another country’s economy required blockading its ports and laying siege to its cities. Now all it takes is a statement posted online by the U.S. government. In Chokepoints, Edward Fishman, a former top American sanctions official, takes us deep into the back rooms of power to reveal the untold history of the past two decades of U.S. foreign policy. As Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping, and Ayatollah Khamenei wreaked havoc on the world stage, mavericks within the U.S. government built a fearsome new arsenal of economic weapons. Successive U.S. presidents have relied on these weapons to address the most pressing national security threats—for good and for ill. Chokepoints provides a thrilling account of one of the most transformative developments of our time, demystifying how the U.S. government harnesses the power of Wall Street, Silicon Valley, and Big Oil against America’s enemies. At the center of the narrative are the trailblazing diplomats, lawyers, and financial whizzes who have masterminded America’s escalating economic wars against Russia, China, and Iran. Control over economic chokepoints—such as the U.S. dollar, advanced microchip technology, and critical minerals—has become the key to geopolitical power in the twenty-first century. The result is a new world order: an economic arms race among great powers and a fracturing global economy. Chokepoints is the definitive account of how America pioneered a new, hard-hitting style of economic warfare—and how it’s changing the world.

NEW YORK TIMES BESTSELLER •&nbsp;The epic story of how America turned the world economy into a weapon, upending decades of globalization to confront a new authoritarian axis—Russia, China, and Iran. "Deftly written, Chokepoints is a compelling and dramatic narrative about the new shape of geopolitics." — Daniel Yergin, The Wall Street Journal "A timely, riveting world tour...[An] absorbing book." — The Economist “Remarkable...One of the most important books on economic warfare ever written.” —&nbsp;Paul Kennedy, author of The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers Selected as a Best Book of the Year by The Economist, Financial Times, Bloomberg, and NPR • Finalist for the Financial Times Business Book of the Year Award It used to be that ravaging another country’s economy required blockading its ports and laying siege to its cities. Now all it takes is a statement posted online by the U.S. government. In Chokepoints, Edward Fishman, a former top American sanctions official, takes us deep into the back rooms of power to reveal the untold history of the past two decades of U.S. foreign policy. As Vladimir Putin, Xi Jinping, and Ayatollah Khamenei wreaked havoc on the world stage, mavericks within the U.S. government built a fearsome new arsenal of economic weapons. Successive U.S. presidents have relied on these weapons to address the most pressing national security threats—for good and for ill. Chokepoints provides a thrilling account of one of the most transformative developments of our time, demystifying how the U.S. government harnesses the power of Wall Street, Silicon Valley, and Big Oil against America’s enemies. At the center of the narrative are the trailblazing diplomats, lawyers, and financial whizzes who have masterminded America’s escalating economic wars against Russia, China, and Iran. Control over economic chokepoints—such as the U.S. dollar, advanced microchip technology, and critical minerals—has become the key to geopolitical power in the twenty-first century. The result is a new world order: an economic arms race among great powers and a fracturing global economy. Chokepoints is the definitive account of how America pioneered a new, hard-hitting style of economic warfare—and how it’s changing the world.

Sanctioncraft

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