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Baldwin Guy: Liberty of Conscience

Liberty of Conscience

Justification and Limits

Studies of the Oxford Institute of European and Comparative Law

The leading Spanish language treatise on the law on torts has now been translated into English, making it accessible to jurists, scholars and practitioners throughout the world. It addresses the central analytical questions in modern tort theory by reference to first principles, explaining how doctrinal tension has resulted from the law's evolution. The book also offers a theoretical framework for understanding and analysing the doctrines behind the main tort rules found in different jurisdictions, including their interrelationship and historical development. Steeped in Chilean legal doctrine and case law on torts, it also considers authorities from Britain, Germany, the USA, France and Spain. This is a magisterial and important work.

A Comparative Perspective

The Foundations of Tort Law in the Civilian Tradition

Hart Studies in Private Law

This book provides a comprehensive study of two parallel notions of civil and common law: cause and consideration. It does this in three ways; with historical, comparative, and functional perspectives. Aspects of cause and consideration are hotly contested by contract lawyers and this book will bring clarity by looking at the English and Continental positions. Key areas of focus include: enforceability, questions of legality and morality, contractual justice, and the correction of unjustified property displacements. Bringing together a team of experts, the book discusses (in some cases for the first time in English) complex questions of both academic and practical importance.

Exploring the Foundations of Contract Law

Cause and Consideration

Constitutionalism in Asia

This book presents an in-depth interrogation of the theory and application of the Basic Structure Doctrine in the Federation of Malaysia. The Basic Structure Doctrine, famously introduced in the 1973 Indian Supreme decision of Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala AIR - which held that certain core or fundamental features in the Constitution of India could not be amended by Parliament even if it met all procedural requirements - was initially rejected when it was first argued in Malaysia in the 1975 case of Loh Kooi Choon v Government of Malaysia and lay dormant for the next three decades. Judicial winds shifted in 2010 when Malaysia's apex court, the Federal Court, cited Kesavananda with approval in the case of Sivarasa Rasiah v Badan Peguam Malaysia &amp; Anor, and observed that it was 'clear from the way in which the Federal Constitution is constructed that there are certain features that constitute its basic fabric' and that 'any statute (including one amending the Constitution) that offends the basic structure may be struck down as unconstitutional.' In a quick succession of cases, the Federal Court cemented this doctrine in Malaysia's jurisprudence and deployed it to defend the court's judicial power. These widely-publicised cases generated much debate beyond the legal fraternity and judiciary and often polarised different sectors of Malaysian society. This collection of essays responds to this extremely important debate on the limits of constitutional amendments as a form of constitution-making in Malaysia by considering the theory behind the Basic Structure Doctrine and critically examining how it has been harnessed by the Federal Court and by other political actors - most notably Islamists and secularists; and royalists and republicans - on the ground.

Themes and Perspectives

The Basic Structure Doctrine in Malaysia

This book offers a fresh and comprehensive reassessment of interpretivism, one of the two main philosophical accounts of law's nature. Interpretivism is drawn from many different sources and traditions. Accordingly, it is relevant to various fields of inquiry. This volume presents a diverse range of perspectives on its central idea, first expressed by Ronald Dworkin, that law is a moral interpretation of a community's past political decisions. It advances our understanding of interpretivism by restating, revising, and offering new defences and critiques of some of its main tenets. This collection brings together established figures and rising stars from across legal, political, and other areas of philosophy. There are thirteen essays, each accompanied by a response. The result is a unique and insightful overview of the current state of debate in legal philosophy.

New Work in Legal Philosophy

Interpretivism and its Critics

This volume explores in detail the use of the doctrine of good faith in the common law when interpreting contracts and resolving disputes. Building on the findings of Good Faith and Relational Contracts (Hart, 2024) the book discusses the implications of relational contract theory and good faith for issues such as liquidated damages clauses, discretion to terminate a contract, contract forfeiture, employment contracts and contractual remedies. The author discusses the potential for good faith to unite a number of currently disparate contract law and equitable principles into a coherent framework, providing an opportunity to question and jettison some archaic aspects of existing doctrine that are no longer defensible. Ambitious and thoughtful, this is a significant statement on the role of good faith in private law.

Application to Specific Principles

Good Faith and Relational Contracts, Volume 2

The 'fresh start' that is afforded individual debtors through the discharge doctrines of American bankruptcy law has, to date, defied justification by a single normative principle or theoretical paradigm. The justificatory accounts that have been advanced either fail to explain core doctrines that have long defined the right of discharge or invite theoretical challenges that suggest that their descriptive virtues are swamped by their normative or conceptual shortcomings. This book presents a taxonomy of traditional justifications of bankruptcy and subjects them to critical evaluation. It then seeks to offer a new justification of bankruptcy's 'fresh start' doctrines-one that takes its inspiration from a quite different moral tradition than those that have informed past efforts to justify and explain our enduring societal willingness to release people from onerous financial obligations. The book argues that personal debt relief is fully vindicated not by a utilitarian theory, nor by a distributive justice theory, nor by a retributive theory, nor by any other rights- or duties-based theory that is preoccupied with moral claims that particular creditors or debtors might proffer. Rather, the long-standing institution of discharge in bankruptcy is best explained by an aretaic, or virtue-based, theory that concerns itself with the obligations that the rest of us have to be charitable towards those who are unable to repay their debts. The fresh start that bankruptcy gives to those who have been shackled by overwhelming debt is justified not by its effects on creditors, debtors, or future market actors, but by its satisfaction of the demands of individual charity to which all citizens are subject. Bankruptcy's discharge of the debts of those who have become financially desperate is best thought to be an institution that aggregates others' demands of good character so as to permit citizens for whom debt-forgiveness is a personal virtue to live in a society that fulfils that virtue.

Why should debtors who default on their obligations be forgiven? Focusing on this central question at the heart of bankruptcy, this book challenges the theoretical foundations of insolvency law, exploring the economic and moral rationales for the law's decision to wipe the slate clean.

The Virtue of Bankruptcy

Debts and the Demands of Conscience

This volume is the first in-depth collection to explore the impact of language on the field of comparative constitutional law. It addresses the epistemological and conceptual implications of English as the lingua franca. In this regard, it considers the global influence of Anglophone jurisdictions in orienting the discourse through the identification of concepts, designs and ideas that warrant engagement and exploration outside of those origin jurisdictions. In doing so, the book underscores that language is not a neutral device but can produce hegemonic pressures and expectations. It further makes the role of language in conducting comparative constitutional law explicit, so that its users can be more deliberate in their selection of foreign materials and are made conscious of the limitations of their findings due to language barriers. The book calls for a reckoning with the rich constitutional vocabulary that non-Anglophone jurisdictions have to offer to ensure a more holistic approach to the creation of knowledge. It also emphasises the need for the contextualised study of constitutional phenomena to appreciate how these are shaped by linguistic choices. In addition to raising awareness about language's significance as an epistemological, conceptual and methodological device, the volume also puts forward constructive tools and techniques to harness language's potential, making it an indispensable resource for scholars, students, lawmakers and judges.

Questioning Hegemonies

The Language of Comparative Constitutional Law

Drawing on the experience of recognised experts from across a range of different fields and jurisdictions, this landmark publication tackles default rules in private law in comparative perspective. Often underestimated, but highly influential, default rules are non-mandatory rules that kick in where nothing else has been agreed or provided. The contributions explore default rules from a variety of angles relevant to both scholarship and legal practice, including: - behavioural aspects and the role of platform terms in the digital age; - the remit and operation of defaults in different areas, ranging from contract and commercial law to succession, civil procedure and private international law; - a comparison between Common law and Civilian approaches as well as the EU level; - the perspectives of different 'players' engaged in the generation and application of default rules.

Default Rules in Private Law

Human Rights Law in Perspective

Proportionality Under the UK Human Rights Act

Landmark Cases

From Van Gend en Loos and Costa v ENEL to Cassis de Dijon and Consten and Grundig, Landmark Cases in EU Law explores the most important and well-known EU law cases in two volumes. These volumes show how the European Court of Justice has played a fundamental role in the construction of the European Union in the past 70 years. Many EU 'landmark' cases have been controversial, yet no-one can deny that they have been essential in defining the Union legal order as we find it today. Volume 2 explores the 'substantive' cases that have shaped the Union's internal market, its competition law as well as its internal and external policies. Each of the twenty cases within this volume is placed in its historical and doctrinal context, and each chapter also presents the history of its reception by the Court and academia.

Substantive Cases

Landmark Cases in EU Law, Volume 2

This is the second part of a 2-volume set which presents an in-depth investigation into the canon of constitutionally conforming interpretation. This second volume builds upon the insights of the first volume, which includes national reports on the use of constitutional interpretation. In Volume 2, the analysis is extended beyond the national context, discussing its application in the supranational and international contexts, including in EU law and the domestic use of international law. It presents several critical perspectives, challenging the legitimacy of constitutionally conforming interpretation, and looks at the invisible constitution, constitutional amendments, and the impact of legalism. The volume is rounded off by three comparative analyses, which formulate universally applicable insights. Together with Volume 1, this book fills an important gap in legal scholarship and sets the stage for cross-national discourse on this critical legal method.

Volume 2: Connections and Analysis

Constitutionally Conforming Interpretation - Comparative Perspectives

Harnessing Open Source Evidence in Kenya

Accountability for Human Rights Violations

Liberty of Conscience

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