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Political Science and International Studies (R0)

Federico Lorenzo Ramaioli

Juridical Perspectives between Islam and the West

A Tale of Two Worlds

INTRODUCTION:THE WEST AND ISLAM: JURIDICAL CATEGORIES IN A TRANSITIONAL GLOBAL SCENARIO.- CHAPTER I: SOVEREIGNTY AND UNIVERSALISM AFTER WESTPHALIA .- CHAPTER II: THE LEVIATHAN AND THE CALIPH BETWEEN AUTHORITY AND LAW.- CHAPTER III: LAW, SHARĪʿA AND HUMAN REASON.- CHAPTER IV: SPIRITUAL COMMAND AND TEMPORAL RULE.-&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;CHAPTER V: ENTERING INTO A DIALOG: FROM THEORY TO PRACTICE.- CONCLUSION: NEW JURIDICAL INSTRUMENTS FOR A NEW WORLD.

Constitutional Systems of the World

Following the successful formula of the series, this book offers an introductory but authoritative overview to the Constitution of Bangladesh. It looks at the shape and working of the Constitution, while introducing the reader to it key stakeholders. It sets out the features unique to the Bangladeshi situation and the specific challenges that rise. With the opening key words and end of chapter further reading recommendations, this is the ideal starting point for students if this fascinating state and its governing framework.

Following the successful formula of the series, this book offers an introductory but authoritative overview to the Constitution of Bangladesh. It looks at the shape and working of the Constitution, while introducing the reader to it key stakeholders. It sets out the features unique to the Bangladeshi situation and the specific challenges that rise. With the opening key words and end of chapter further reading recommendations, this is the ideal starting point for students if this fascinating state and its governing framework.

A Contextual Analysis

The Constitution of Bangladesh

This book explores the foundations of the principle of altruism and its relationship to the criminal law, examining the contrasting justifications for the duty of easy rescue and the duty of tolerance, both of which are based on altruism. Since the days of Lord Macaulay and James FitzJames Stephen, it has been said that English law does not usually punish omissions, and that altruistic duties are incompatible with the spirit of the common law. This book aims to show that this is not an accurate description of English criminal law, and that there is a strong case to be made for the opposite understanding, based on principles advanced by authors such as Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill and others. By analysing the duty of easy rescue - which imposes on individuals a duty to take steps to rescue a person in danger if this can be done without risk to the rescuer, or at least a duty to call the emergency services - and by comparing it with the well-known duties arising in cases of extreme necessity, it can be shown that altruism has plenty to say in different parts of the criminal law. Having established the case for criminalising the failure to provide a simple rescue, a detailed analysis is made of the form that this criminalisation should take, bearing in mind the basic principles of English law and considering the strengths and weaknesses of the duty of easy rescue as it is formulated in various continental systems, including the German, French, Spanish and Italian criminal codes.

Duties of Rescue and Tolerance

Altruism and the Criminal Law

Studies in Australian Law, Politics and History

This book lays out a roadmap for establishing common law recognition of Aboriginal customary law in Australia. Currently, Aboriginal customary law is recognised in limited circumstances through native title, which applies only to rights and interests over traditional lands or waters. This book argues that, if a carefully constructed claim is accepted by an Australian Court, Aboriginal customary law could potentially be recognised across a wide range of legal areas, including criminal law, family law, succession, environmental law, and criminal procedure. Importantly, this would also afford legal recognition to organic Indigenous governance structures. It also proposes a roadmap for establishing a hybrid equitable-constitutional fiduciary obligation that the Crown would owe Indigenous Australians. This could provide valuable protections to Indigenous rights and societies from impositions made by legislatures and executives purporting to exercise powers under the 
 Australian Constitution. Distinctive in its approach, this volume is among the first post-2020 works to explore a common law pathway for recognising and furthering the rights of Indigenous societies, governance systems, and legal frameworks, at a time when most scholarship has focused on express constitutional recognition or recognition via treaties and agreements (notably in Victoria).
 The book builds on the landmark High Court decision in 
 Love v Commonwealth 
 (2020), where the Court recognised that Aboriginal Australians, owing to their enduring connection to country, could not be considered ‘aliens’ under the 
 Constitution
 . While 
 Love 
 initially addressed alienage and constitutional protections, this work argues that its reasoning opens the door to broader common law recognition of Indigenous Australians’ rights, laws, and governance structures, beyond the scope of native title.
 Through careful legal analysis and a proposed claims framework, this book contributes to an emergent body of scholarship exploring the legal consequences of recognizing Aboriginal Australians’ enduring connection to country, offering a path toward meaningful expansion of Indigenous legal recognition in Australia, and bringing Australian law closer to the more progressive Indigenous rights doctrines of common law North America.

Strategising Opportunities for Future Indigenous Rights Test Litigation

Law, Love and Australia’s Unfinished Retreat from Terra Nullius

Law and Philosophy Library

International law operates under persistent normative fragmentation: specialised regimes have produced a decentralised body of norms prone to conflict. For many international lawyers, however, the debate now appears settled, buried by the International Law Commission’s work on systemic integration and the turn to regime interaction and normative pluralism. But the ghosts of fragmentation are revenants: they return precisely when the matter is believed to be settled. The triple planetary crisis of climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution has made the haunting plain, revealing that the fractures once discussed as technical problems of consistency are symptoms of a deeper condition: a world whose ecological, legal, and political orders do not align. This book investigates how consistency is possible within a fragmented order.Rather than surveying the responses of international legal scholarship, the book offers a rational reconstruction of the concept of consistency in international law, making explicit the implicit logical structures through which legal actors reason. The book distinguishes facts, norms, and reasons as the building blocks of legal argumentation and shows how legal actors can derive statement-consistent conclusions even where the underlying norm-set is itself norm-inconsistent.International law, on this account, sustains itself not by eliminating inconsistency but by reasoning through it. Conflict avoidance operates upstream through meta-norms that affect validity and the conditions of applicability; where it fails, priority reasoning and reason-based argumentation determine which norm applies. The consistency achieved is local, provisional, and plural, but it is genuine, disciplined by constraints and accountable to the requirement of justification. The framework does not prescribe which priorities legal actors should adopt but it clarifies the grammar of the practice that instead makes these determinations. The book argues, however, that incorporating planetary boundaries as legal constraints would narrow the space of admissible outcomes in ways decisive for the planetary crisis.

International Law under the Planetary Crisis

Ordering the Fragments

The law codes in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region are a well-crafted blend of civil and Islamic law in which civil law principles do not violate Islamic provisions. Yet, common law principles derived either from English common law or Islamic customary usages remain unidentified and thus ignored. Here, this complex scenario is rectified through a comparative analysis of the primary data (e.g. cases, statutes and arbitral award decisions), adding common law and uncodified Islamic custom to MENA law codes. The purpose of this comparative analysis is to allow common legal principles found in civil, common and Islamic law to be distilled in order to create a new, harmonised international commercial arbitration law code (HICALC) or uniform Arab arbitration law (UAAL) for adoption in the MENA region, where these principles already greatly influence the legal systems and can be readily assimilated into a harmonised or uniform code. The work demonstrates that this new code would lead to improved arbitral award enforcement in the MENA.

The law codes in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region are a well-crafted blend of civil and Islamic law in which civil law principles do not violate Islamic provisions. Yet, common law principles derived either from English common law or Islamic customary usages remain unidentified and thus ignored. Here, this complex scenario is rectified through a comparative analysis of the primary data (e.g. cases, statutes and arbitral award decisions), adding common law and uncodified Islamic custom to MENA law codes. The purpose of this comparative analysis is to allow common legal principles found in civil, common and Islamic law to be distilled in order to create a new, harmonised international commercial arbitration law code (HICALC) or uniform Arab arbitration law (UAAL) for adoption in the MENA region, where these principles already greatly influence the legal systems and can be readily assimilated into a harmonised or uniform code. The work demonstrates that this new code would leadto improved arbitral award enforcement in the MENA.

A Model Harmonised International Arbitration Law Code for the Middle East and North Africa

This book explores the historical, comparative and global dimensions of the constitutional phenomenon. From the origins of constitutionalism to the diverse trajectories of North American and European constitutionalism, the book considers pivotal moments in the emergence and evolution of formal Constitutions as the main structure of constitutional governance. It presents a critical inquiry into the realities that lie beneath the surface of formal constitutional documents. From the struggles for democratic governance in Latin America to Asia's delicate balance between tradition and modernity and Africa's post-colonial arrangements, the book poses a critical query: amidst the promises of democratic ideals, do formal Constitutions always translate into effective governance? What are the lessons of 'facade' Constitutions on the tension between formal documents and the realities of governance? The book explores the past and present of constitutional governance in the first quarter of the 21st century and offers insights on the future of constitutionalism. By assessing the normative quality of Constitutions and exploring the intrinsic link between them and representation, it offers an understanding of the essence and trajectories of constitutional thought and practice. The Rise of Constitutionalism is a must-read for anyone fascinated by the enduring legacy and evolving nature of the constitutional phenomenon.

A Global Perspective

The Rise of Constitutionalism

Before the Cradle to Beyond the Grave

Technology, Health, and Law in Life and Death

Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice

The contemporary significance of the subject “Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action” is indisputable. In periods of social polarization, conflict and crisis, it is imperative that the obligation of our societies to protect and promote social rights is addressed and acknowledged. It is also necessary to recognize the way in which social rights are jeopardized by inequalities that impede the cultivation of robust social relationships and to document instances of the implementation of affirmative actions in this scenario. The aims of this work are as follows: firstly, to establish general topics (part I); secondly, to undertake more specific investigations within the primary topic (part II); and thirdly, to address the challenges posed by the technological transition currently taking place in society, which has significant consequences for social rights, (in)equality, and affirmative action (part III). The study is organized into three sections corresponding to these targets. For the purposes of this study, the analysis will commence, in the Part I of this book, at the genesis of the debates, as outlined in the chapter concerning the old and the new forms of racism. This contribution is followed by a chapter on the growing recognition of intersectional discrimination in European and global human rights frameworks and by another on structural discrimination and the function of the law against unjust enrichment. To further explore and expand upon the subjects addressed in the preceding chapters, the final chapter of Part I of this book delves into the topic of affirmative action in the United States. The second part of this work is dedicated primarily to specific forms of affirmative action, thereby deepening the discussion initiated in the first part of this book. The initial topic examines the way in which the pandemic has impacted specific social groups and led to the emergence of health disparities in the UK. The subsequent chapter is devoted to an examination of the alterations in the benefits of minimum income support in Brazil in recent years. The fourth chapter undertakes a detailed investigation of a specific affirmative action program for children and adolescents with the objective of reducing violence in urban areas. The final chapter conducts an analysis of ageing, public policies and inclusion in Brazil. The third and final section is dedicated to an examination of the challenges faced by our technological societies. The field of “Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action” is set to be impacted by the regulation of artificial intelligence, the increasing digitalization of activities, and the development of new tools designed to enhance the efficiency of the social state. The initial chapter of the concluding section deals with the regulation of artificial intelligence in Brazil and the impacts of neurotechnology. The second study examines conservative digitalization and structural inequalities in Latin American information societies, while the final study focuses on the emergence of the social digital state and the use of instruments that produce inequality and discrimination.

The contemporary significance of the subject “Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action” is indisputable. In periods of social polarization, conflict and crisis, it is imperative that the obligation of our societies to protect and promote social rights is addressed and acknowledged. It is also necessary to recognize the way in which social rights are jeopardized by inequalities that impede the cultivation of robust social relationships and to document instances of the implementation of affirmative actions in this scenario. The aims of this work are as follows: firstly, to establish general topics (part I); secondly, to undertake more specific investigations within the primary topic (part II); and thirdly, to address the challenges posed by the technological transition currently taking place in society, which has significant consequences for social rights, (in)equality, and affirmative action (part III). The study is organized into three sections corresponding to these targets. For the purposes of this study, the analysis will commence, in the Part I of this book, at the genesis of the debates, as outlined in the chapter concerning the old and the new forms of racism. This contribution is followed by a chapter on the growing recognition of intersectional discrimination in European and global human rights frameworks and by another on structural discrimination and the function of the law against unjust enrichment. To further explore and expand upon the subjects addressed in the preceding chapters, the final chapter of Part I of this book delves into the topic of affirmative action in the United States. The second part of this work is dedicated primarily to specific forms of affirmative action, thereby deepening the discussion initiated in the first part of this book. The initial topic examines the way in which the pandemic has impacted specific social groups and led to the emergence of health disparities in the UK. The subsequent chapter is devoted to an examination of the alterations in the benefits of minimum income support in Brazil in recent years. The fourth chapter undertakes a detailed investigation of a specific affirmative action program for children and adolescents with the objective of reducing violence in urban areas. The final chapter conducts an analysis of ageing, public policies and inclusion in Brazil. The third and final section is dedicated to an examination of the challenges faced by our technological societies. The field of “Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action” is set to be impacted by the regulation of artificial intelligence, the increasing digitalization of activities, and the development of new tools designed to enhance the efficiency of the social state. The initial chapter of the concluding section deals with the regulation of artificial intelligence in Brazil and the impacts of neurotechnology. The second study examines conservative digitalization and structural inequalities in Latin American information societies, while the final study focuses on the emergence of the social digital state and the use of instruments that produce inequality and discrimination.

Social Rights, Inequalities and Affirmative Action

This volume is the first in-depth collection to explore the impact of language on the field of comparative constitutional law. It addresses the epistemological and conceptual implications of English as the lingua franca. In this regard, it considers the global influence of Anglophone jurisdictions in orienting the discourse through the identification of concepts, designs and ideas that warrant engagement and exploration outside of those origin jurisdictions. In doing so, the book underscores that language is not a neutral device but can produce hegemonic pressures and expectations. It further makes the role of language in conducting comparative constitutional law explicit, so that its users can be more deliberate in their selection of foreign materials and are made conscious of the limitations of their findings due to language barriers. The book calls for a reckoning with the rich constitutional vocabulary that non-Anglophone jurisdictions have to offer to ensure a more holistic approach to the creation of knowledge. It also emphasises the need for the contextualised study of constitutional phenomena to appreciate how these are shaped by linguistic choices. In addition to raising awareness about language's significance as an epistemological, conceptual and methodological device, the volume also puts forward constructive tools and techniques to harness language's potential, making it an indispensable resource for scholars, students, lawmakers and judges.

Questioning Hegemonies

The Language of Comparative Constitutional Law

Pandemics, Power, and Parliaments

Asia in Times of Crisis

Transfer of Proceedings in Criminal Matters

Judicial Systems of the World

The Israeli judiciary stands as one of the most respected institutions of the country's democratic system—yet also one of its most contested. Its structure, functions, and constitutional foundations shape debates on governance, rights, and the rule of law. This book offers a detailed analysis of the judiciary's historical development, its guiding legal principles, and the challenges it faces in a rapidly evolving legal and political landscape.

Tracing its historical development and the legal principles that underpin its operation, The Judicial System of Israel explores the constitutional and statutory framework that shapes judicial practice. It examines fundamental concepts such as due process and open justice, the jurisdiction of courts and tribunals, and the unique role of the Supreme Court. Readers will gain insight into the sources of law applied by the courts, the character of the legal profession, and the principles of legal culture and process.

Beyond its foundational analysis, the book explores the realities of judicial work, ethics, and discipline, while confronting the challenges posed by a rapidly changing world. From technological innovation to proposals for institutional reform, it considers what the future may hold for the judicial system of Israel. Offering fresh insights into these pressing issues, it is essential reading for scholars, practitioners, and anyone interested in comparative law and democratic governance.

The Judicial System of Israel

Juridical Perspectives between Islam and the West

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