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Mitchell P: Gaskell and the Law

Gaskell and the Law

Studies in the History of Law and Justice

This book explores the comparability of conflict resolution mechanisms in East Asian and European traditional societies by focusing on Martin Dinges' concept of "Use of Justice," which is a working concept that focuses on the behavior of ordinary people in selecting and using various conflict resolution tools, not limited to courts. The study of early modern history in Europe has gained a new framework with this working concept, moving beyond the traditional framework of institutional history to focus on the actions of the parties to the conflict.The volume is divided into three parts. Parts I and II consist of individual studies based on archive researches. The authors, who are well versed in the various types of courts and regional records, use statistics and specific cases to show the actual images of the users of justice, their interaction with the authorities and the diverse ways in which justice was used by the people. Building on the empirical research of the first two parts, Part III develops various theoretical and methodological considerations of East-West comparability in analysing the research findings of Parts I and II. In this part (III) one can find reflections on whether or how comparability in "Use of Justice" research can be ensured, in which the inventor of the concept also participates.

A New Approach for an East-West Comparison

Use of Justice in Traditional Societies

Ius Romanum

In Late Antiquity, private individuals could acquire land or other assets through acts of the emperor or the administration. These often originated from confiscations, e.g. of estates without heirs (
 bona vacantia
 , 
 caduca
 ), the property of convicted criminals (
 bona damnatorum
 ), or ownerless slaves (
 vaga mancipia
 ). Since the 
 fiscus
 was often unable to make economically effective use of these assets, and the emperor was under political pressure to reward influential individuals, they were frequently transferred - sometimes for payment, but often free of charge. In this context, a procedure developed whereby beneficiaries could petition for an imperial grant by means of a 
 petitio
 .
 

 By analysing Late Antique imperial constitutions, the study examines this procedure, as well as the private-law status of the recipients. The analysis shows that they generally acquired ownership - even where the assets had not belonged to the 
 fiscus
 . As Roman law in principle did not allow acquisition in good faith from a non-owner, this form of acquisition is best understood as one effected by sovereign act.
 

 At the same time, it becomes clear that Late Antique emperors established nuanced and carefully considered rules and sought to achieve a fair balance of interests. A decline in legal culture, as suggested by the theory of so-called Late Antique vulgar law, cannot be observed.

Rechtserwerb durch kaiserliche Eigentumszuweisung in der Spätantike

Liberalitas legibus et aequitate subnixa

This book explores the fascinating backstories and unexpected sequels of bigamous marriages from the 17th century to the present day. A woman remarries after hearing that her husband has drowned, only for him to turn up alive and well. Is she now a criminal? A deserted husband, unable to afford a divorce, finds happiness in a new union. How many did the same? A conman advertises for a wife and then disappears with her lifesavings; he has already done the same to many other women. How was he brought to justice? These are just a few of the hundreds of bigamous remarriages put under the microscope in Double Lives. As a companion volume to Double Trouble: Bigamy and the Law in England and Wales, 1604-2024, this book goes behind the law reports to reconstruct the stories of those involved. Drawing on archival sources, pamphlets, newspapers, census data, parish registers, divorce petitions and family histories, it shows the different forms that bigamy might take - accidental, consensual, deceptive or exploitative - and how bigamists' stories in turn helped to shape the law. Double Lives shows how bigamy should not be dismissed as a comical or victimless crime. Every case had its own complex mix of desire and deception, and, all too often, heartbreak for someone.

Stories of Bigamy in England and Wales, 1604-2024

Double Lives

Constitutionalism in Latin America and the Caribbean

This book offers the first in-depth analysis in English of the practical dynamics of the constitutional recognition of Indigenous justice and legal pluralism in Bolivia. The 2009 Bolivian Constitution was an extraordinary attempt to wrestle the notion of the nation-state away from its European origins to imagine a new form of statehood that fully embeds Indigeneity. This turn to plurinational constitutionalism, in which Indigenous peoples and their traditions are taken to constitute one of the central pillars of the state, recognised Indigenous justice as wholly autonomous from and equal to 'ordinary' justice. The book unpacks what plurinationality stands for in this context, whether it truly brought about the transformation of social relations, and whether plurinational constitutionalism could be a viable model for other states. It showcases the many interesting and innovative aspects of the Bolivian model, which could be adapted by other countries aiming to implement the right to self-determination of Indigenous peoples more fully. At the same time, the promise of Indigenous justice and plurinational constitutionalism in Bolivia remains partially unfulfilled, for reasons that reflect a combination of local challenges and tensions inherent to the concept of plurinationalism. This book will be of interest to academics, students, practitioners and policymakers working in comparative constitutional law, Latin American studies, legal anthropology, Indigenous studies, and legal pluralism. It suggests a path for reimagining notions such as the rule of law and sovereignty as foundations for a society truer to Indigenous peoples and, more generally, to all its citizens.

Indigenous Justice in Bolivia and the Limits of Plurinational Constitutionalism

This book traces the legal creation of National Parks in England and Wales, considering how statute and case law shaped the different provisions within the National Park and Access to the Countryside Act 1949. National parks are often associated with hiking, holidaying, and nature but they are rarely perceived as legal spaces. Yet national parks in England and Wales only exist through the legal processes contained within the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, a piece of legislation which is internationally unique in how it defines what a national park is. In celebrating the 75th Anniversary of the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949, the book examines the legally unique nature of national parks in England and Wales, exploring why these spaces were created in a legally distinct way. In doing so, the book takes the reader on a journey through the ever-evolving landscapes of planning law, administrative law, and property law in the 19th and 20th centuries, providing a new perspective on the enactment of national parks legislation. In presenting the National Parks and Access to the Countryside Act 1949 as part of a wider system of legal change, the book encourages the reader to think differently about national parks, emphasising the inherently legal nature of these spaces. This book is the perfect companion for any reader seeking to understand how national parks in England and Wales legally came to be.

Defining a Landscape

The Legal Creation of National Parks in England and Wales

This book offers the first detailed study of women's legal status in early modern Liège, an otherwise largely overlooked case in European legal history. It follows women across the course of their lives, from birth to widowhood, to show how their legal position and control over property shifted over time, depending on their social status and place within the family. Drawing on a substantial body of wills and marriage contracts from notarial practice, it moves beyond traditional sources to show how the law actually worked in everyday practice, and who took part in its creation. By bringing all these elements together, this book offers a nuanced picture of how law and gender interacted in early modern Europe.

Women's Legal Status Between Customary Law, Notarial Practice and Ius Commune (16th-17th Century)

Women and the Law in Early Modern Liège

For the first time available from Penguin Classics U.S., a new translation for one of the greatest writers of twentieth-century France A Penguin Classic Claudine lives in a large house with a rose-filled garden and a vegetable patch smelling of tomato leaves and apricots. Beyond her house is the village, where traveling performers stop for the night and wedding feasts take place under a bright summer moon. Inside her house are Mama, who loves animals, Papa, who lost his leg in the war, and a library full of forbidden and irresistible books . . . Based on Colette’s own early life, Claudine’s House is a rich and enchanting depiction of childhood, animals, flowers, trees, books, families, and love in late-nineteenth-century France. Penguin Classics is the leading publisher of classic literature in the English-speaking world, representing a global bookshelf of the best works throughout history and across genres and disciplines. Readers trust the series to provide authoritative texts enhanced by introductions and notes by distinguished scholars and contemporary authors, as well as up-to-date translations by award-winning translators.

For the first time available from Penguin Classics U.S., a new translation for one of the greatest writers of twentieth-century France A Penguin Classic Claudine lives in a large house with a rose-filled garden and a vegetable patch smelling of tomato leaves and apricots. Beyond her house is the village, where traveling performers stop for the night and wedding feasts take place under a bright summer moon. Inside her house are Mama, who loves animals, Papa, who lost his leg in the war, and a library full of forbidden and irresistible books . . . Based on Colette’s own early life, Claudine’s House is a rich and enchanting depiction of childhood, animals, flowers, trees, books, families, and love in late-nineteenth-century France.

Claudine's House

Anthem Critical Introductions

A history of immigration law as a legal discipline: how it has been constrained and unconstrained by developments in migration policy, international law, constitutional law and legal theory.

An Intellectual History of Migration Law and Policy c.1535-2020

In 1532, James V instituted the College of Justice, an incorporated group of expert lawyers and administrators who were to exercise supreme Scottish civil jurisdiction. Why did he decide to do that? This book argues that the scheme was informed by a powerful sense of the role that an incorporated body of expert lawyers might serve in articulating a just law for the realm. The new institution also more fully defined the relationship between the king and his supreme judges, reflecting contemporary European thought. Furthermore, the new College of Justice was meant to have a significant role in connection with the government of the Scottish Catholic Church on the eve of the Reformation. ​​​​​​​ This account of the institution of the College of Justice serves as a case study of the powerful role of lawyers in state formation during the Renaissance. It will also be of interest to those who wish to understand the origins of a court that remains part of the Scottish legal landscape to this day.

Government and Governance in Renaissance Scotland

The College of Justice

Studies in Australian Law, Politics and History

This book lays out a roadmap for establishing common law recognition of Aboriginal customary law in Australia. Currently, Aboriginal customary law is recognised in limited circumstances through native title, which applies only to rights and interests over traditional lands or waters. This book argues that, if a carefully constructed claim is accepted by an Australian Court, Aboriginal customary law could potentially be recognised across a wide range of legal areas, including criminal law, family law, succession, environmental law, and criminal procedure. Importantly, this would also afford legal recognition to organic Indigenous governance structures. It also proposes a roadmap for establishing a hybrid equitable-constitutional fiduciary obligation that the Crown would owe Indigenous Australians. This could provide valuable protections to Indigenous rights and societies from impositions made by legislatures and executives purporting to exercise powers under the 
 Australian Constitution. Distinctive in its approach, this volume is among the first post-2020 works to explore a common law pathway for recognising and furthering the rights of Indigenous societies, governance systems, and legal frameworks, at a time when most scholarship has focused on express constitutional recognition or recognition via treaties and agreements (notably in Victoria).
 The book builds on the landmark High Court decision in 
 Love v Commonwealth 
 (2020), where the Court recognised that Aboriginal Australians, owing to their enduring connection to country, could not be considered ‘aliens’ under the 
 Constitution
 . While 
 Love 
 initially addressed alienage and constitutional protections, this work argues that its reasoning opens the door to broader common law recognition of Indigenous Australians’ rights, laws, and governance structures, beyond the scope of native title.
 Through careful legal analysis and a proposed claims framework, this book contributes to an emergent body of scholarship exploring the legal consequences of recognizing Aboriginal Australians’ enduring connection to country, offering a path toward meaningful expansion of Indigenous legal recognition in Australia, and bringing Australian law closer to the more progressive Indigenous rights doctrines of common law North America.

Strategising Opportunities for Future Indigenous Rights Test Litigation

Law, Love and Australia’s Unfinished Retreat from Terra Nullius

This book examines the Royal Commissions on Patent (1864) and Copyright (1878) by exploring the people, procedures, and politics behind into intellectual property reform of the late nineteenth century. In examining copyright and patent law from the ground up, commission members were necessarily forced to grapple with fundamental questions about the nature of property itself. Commissioners' views on the nature and purpose of copyright and patent influenced their views on how far the rights should extend-in time, geography, and scope. Close analysis of the Commissions provides insight into our own debates about the nature of intellectual property and provide a model for future attempts at law reform. The book is a contribution to the history not only of intellectual property law but also of royal commissions in the nineteenth century. The author gives a well-rounded picture of developments in thought about intellectual property as a whole in the period, which are still critical in the way we understand and approach the subject today.

This monograph examines the Royal Commissions on Patent (1864) and Copyright (1878) by exploring the people, procedures, and politics behind these in-depth inquiries into intellectual property reform of the latter half of the nineteenth century, and by placing them within their historical and ideological context. In examining copyright and patent law from the ground up, commission members were necessarily forced to grapple with fundamental questions about the nature of property itself. Commissioners’ views on the nature and purpose of copyright and patent influenced their views on how far the rights should extend—in time, geography, and scope. Close analysis of the Commissions provides insight into our own debates about the nature of intellectual property and provide a model for future attempts at law reform. The book is a contribution to the history not only of intellectual property law but also of royal commissions in the nineteenth century.

The author gives a well-rounded picture of developments in thought about intellectual property as a whole in the period, which are still critical in the way we understand and approach the subject today.

The Royal Commissions on Patent and Copyright

Intellectual Property and Victorian Inquiry

Constitutional Systems of the World

The Constitution of Switzerland

Gaskell and the Law

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