The Protection of the Rights of Pre-trial Detainees in Cameroon. A Legal Perspective

Academic Paper from the year 2024 in the subject Law - Public Law / Constitutional Law / Basic Rights, University of Buea, language: English, abstract: This article delves into the longstanding issue of pre-trial detention, tracing its origins back to the colonial era in Cameroon, where individuals were held in custody pending trial outcomes. It examines the extent to which pre-trial detainees' rights are safeguarded in Cameroon, revealing significant violations within the current legal framework. Notably, the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC) of Cameroon falls short in adequately protecting the right to bail, leaving its discretion to the courts. Employing qualitative research methodology, the study conducts a comprehensive doctrinal analysis of conventions, statutes, and cases. Findings indicate that while Cameroon's Constitution and CPC offer certain protections, these provisions are deemed insufficient, calling for reform. The study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Cameroon's legal system in upholding prisoners' rights. In clarifying the term "pre-trial," the article underscores its global prevalence across Europe and Africa, encompassing diverse demographics—from first-time offenders to the mentally ill and career criminals. The history of pre-trial detention in Cameroon is rooted in colonial practices, where detainees were coerced into administrative labor. Post-World War I, there emerged heightened awareness of human dignity, catalyzing initiatives like the League of Nations' International Penal and Penitentiary Commission, which advocated for proper detainee treatment. Subsequently, the United Nations inherited this mission, emphasizing human dignity through international legal instruments, which are analyzed in the study. Three justifications for pre-trial detention are outlined: reasonable belief in the alleged perpetrator's guilt, flight risk, and potential obstruction of justice. Fundamental human rights, including liberty, are emphasized, with acknowledgment of widespread unlawful arrests, lack of legal counsel, and inhumane treatment in many countries. This article underscores the urgent need to reform Cameroon's legal framework, advocating for amendments to clarify ambiguous provisions, define undefined terms, and bolster lacking safeguards. By addressing these deficiencies, the study aims to enhance protections for pre-trial detainees and uphold fundamental rights within Cameroon's justice system.