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Brummer A: The Pirates of Private Equity
/ LF

The Pirates of Private Equity

How one industry is wrecking businesses, harming consumers and undermining the world’s financial markets

A revelatory financial history showing that today's massive Islamic finance industry was preceded by decades of Muslim interest banking across Eurasia and Africa. Since the 1970s, the now multi-trillion-dollar Islamic finance industry has offered interest-free banking to Muslims around the world. Its proponents maintain that Islamic law strictly forbids all forms of financial interest. Many academic accounts echo this perspective, assuming that before the 1970s, Muslims either avoided interest banking out of deep-seated religious hostility or practiced it in defiance of religious stricture. Yet as Michael O'Sullivan argues, these narratives overlook rich traditions of Muslim interest banking that preceded Islamic finance. In the early twentieth century, the first modern Muslim-owned interest banks appeared across Eurasia and Africa-from India to the Ottoman Empire, Tsarist Russia, Habsburg Bosnia, Tunisia, Egypt, Iran, Palestine, and Indonesia. Viewed as a solution to Muslim economic distress, these banks intensified debates among Muslims about both the Islamic legal tradition and acceptable economic practices. While interest banks raised suspicions among some Islamic legal scholars, others explicitly defended their legality and encouraged Muslim entrepreneurs. Ultimately, O'Sullivan shows that the Islamic finance industry's commitment to interest-free banking was a product of contingency as much as principle. It was a combination of bank failures, high rates of indebtedness, and changing religious interpretations that eventually led many Muslims to reject interest banking and demand a replacement more commensurate with an "Islamic economy." Even so, the religious debates inaugurated by the first Muslim interest banks persist to this day. A vibrant portrait of economic life in the so-called peripheries of capital, The Borrower's Refuge is a major contribution to the global history of finance.

Muslim Interest Banking Before Islamic Finance

The Borrower’s Refuge

Economics is vital, but its labyrinth of equations can make it feel disconnected from the real world. Enter a powerful tool: the metaphor.From longtime economics journalist Peter Coy comes an approachable and fun guide to the metaphors that unlock its power. With nearly 500 alphabetized entries, complemented by playful illustrations, Economics Without Numbers demystifies concepts, exploring their origins, the truths they express, and where they fall short. The result is a delightful and original primer on economic ideas and history that's perfect for students and anyone who wants to understand what makes the world go 'round.Coy has spent decades collecting these vivid metaphors. From "trickle-down economics" (the idea that making the rich richer will help the poor) to "inductivist turkey" (a parable about the perils of assuming that a trend will persist without knowing its cause), Coy brings economics to life.

An A-to-Z Guide for the Rest of Us

Economics without Numbers

Darkside
 Economics is a book about a different use of economics - as a weapon to coerce other economies or to defend them from coercion. There is intense interest in economic warfare which is much in the headlines today, but it has a long history of use and abuse.
The weapons covered include sanctions, embargoes, tariffs, technology restrictions, investment policy, financial tools and some other new instruments based on AI and crypto. We look at the history of these practices, explain how they work and estimate their effects, from the point of view of the aggressor, the target or other small countries. This includes strategic games, weapons retaliation, resilience-building, chokepoint mapping and supply chain management.
These tools often have negative economic effects, but they continue to be a central part of both diplomatic and military strategy, and they are happening in the trade wars all around us. Economists, policy-makers, students, the media and the informed public all need to understand them better. The radical ideas and intriguing stories in this short book will help them.

The Art of Economic Warfare

Darkside Economics

Markets, Platforms, and Ecologies

Economization

Shortlisted for the Financial Times and Schroders Business Book of the Year Award How 1,000 years of global history show why technological and economic progress is often followed by stagnation and even collapse In How Progress Ends, Carl Benedikt Frey challenges the conventional belief that economic and technological progress is inevitable. For most of human history, stagnation was the norm, and even today progress and prosperity in the world's largest, most advanced economies--the United States and China--have fallen short of expectations. To appreciate why we cannot depend on any AI-fueled great leap forward, Frey offers a remarkable and fascinating journey across the globe, spanning the past 1,000 years, to explain why some societies flourish and others fail in the wake of rapid technological change. By examining key historical moments--from the rise of the steam engine to the dawn of AI--Frey shows why technological shifts have shaped, and sometimes destabilized, entire civilizations. He explores why some leading technological powers of the past--such as Song China, the Dutch Republic, and Victorian Britain--ultimately lost their innovative edge, why some modern nations such as Japan had periods of rapid growth followed by stagnation, and why planned economies like the Soviet Union collapsed after brief surges of progress. Frey uncovers a recurring tension in history: while decentralization fosters the exploration of new technologies, bureaucracy is crucial for scaling them. When institutions fail to adapt to technological change, stagnation inevitably follows. Only by carefully balancing decentralization and bureaucracy can nations innovate and grow over the long term--findings that have worrying implications for the United States, Europe, China, and other economies today. Through a rich narrative that weaves together history, economics, and technology, How Progress Ends reveals that managing the future requires us to draw the right lessons from the past.

Technology, Innovation, and the Fate of Nations

How Progress Ends

A challenge to incentivization as a dominant framework for understanding and governing people From corporate management and consumer behavior to public health and climate policy, incentives are widely treated as a neutral and effective way to shape how people act. In this book, Guus Dix shows that incentives are not simple policy nudges; they lull us into a passive understanding of ourselves as being merely responsive to changes others make to our environment. They foster a politics of incremental tweaks to a socially and ecologically destructive economic system that we are expected to accept without question. Dix argues that it is time to challenge the reign of incentives in contemporary science and public life. Dix traces the evolution of the incentive, from the engineering of performance charts and rewards for factory workers to combating gridlock at Britain’s National Health Service. He describes the function of incentives under socialism, theories of adjustment incentives developed at the Harvard Business School to manage employees, and incentivizing whole economies—both socialist and capitalist. He shows that incentivization is a distinct way of wielding power. Incentives have become part of a quasi-universal governing philosophy that keeps us from addressing such major issues as poverty and the climate crisis. Finally, Dix analyzes the limits of incentivization, arguing that being governed by incentives keeps us from considering government policies that have the potential to bring about meaningful and transformative change.

A Critical History of a Powerful Idea

Incentives

Dictatorship of Big Capital

Critical and Post-Keynesian Perspectives

A History of Modern Macroeconomics

Late medieval Bruges was a commercial hub that connected Hanseatic, English, Scottish, Portuguese, Spanish, Aragonese, and Italian traders. This book focuses on the conflict resolution of the aldermen and how merchants operated within this legal framework. The key question being whether Bruges was a city of justice. Although this was sometimes claimed by travellers, a lot of merchants confronted with the practicalities of conflict resolution in Bruges, disagreed. Fieremans analyses how customary law, institutional frameworks, and commerce intersected and were challenged by the aldermen's pursuit of justice. By clarifying the working of the aldermen, it advances our knowledge of the basic mechanisms of a late medieval law court and the evolution of the law courts of late medieval Flanders. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, the book focuses on the interplay between commerce and justice, explores the diverse merchant communities, and considers the potential lessons it offers for understanding both historical and modern markets. It sheds light on the pragmatic legal culture of Bruges and the legal mechanisms that partially regulate commerce.

Foreign Merchants in a City of Justice

Law, Leverage, and Litigation in Late Medieval Bruges

Routledge Revivals

In a purely national context, the budget represents the main instrument through which a government can implement its policies. The size and character of the budget reflect the underlying political, social and economic values of the country concerned. Students need only look to the European Union (formerly European Community (EC)) Budget to survey the progress made in forging common policies and to catalogue the difficulties that can limit rapid integration.Originally published in 1980, this study explains how the EC Budget developed in the 20th century and why it remained so rudimentary. Both national and community institutions are locked into the complex problems of jointly managing substantial financial resources. There have been awkward political dilemmas over the allocation of money to particular sectors and over its distribution to individual member states, some of which are wealthier than others. This generated acute political disagreements about financing and contributions, notably between the UK and European partners.Budgetary Politics provides a comprehensive survey of the background to these problems and explores their implications. It remains a key work for students of the history, politics and economics of the European Union, the policy process, public finance and integration and international relations.

The Finances of the European Communities

Budgetary Politics

21st Century Progressivism and the Original Schools of Pragmatism and Institutional Economics

Self, Society, and Economy

The Pirates of Private Equity

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