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María Adelaida Ceballos Bedoya

Los mercados de carbono: retos de la capacidad institucional y judicialización de los conflictos socioambientales en Colombia

Aus der Reihe: e-fellows.net stipendiaten-wissen

Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Economics - Case Scenarios, grade: 2, University of Bayreuth (Economics), language: English, abstract: Climate change is one of the world's major challenges to overcome. After the 2015 Paris Agreement, 196 countries around the globe agreed to undertake policy measures for keeping the average rise of global temperature below 2° Celsius by 2050. The main goal of this global governance framework is to help the parties mobilize financial resources and mitigate the effects of climate change. Under the agreement, every country must regularly report its contributions to emission reductions.

The governmental budgets worldwide will not be sufficient to finance the necessary climate change mitigation and adaptation infrastructure projects. On the one hand, there exists a large investment gap in developing countries of around 530 billion United States dollar (USD) that need to be invested by 2030 solely in the energy sector to meet the countries’ sustainable infrastructure needs. Since the urbanization rate is rapidly increasing, especially cities in emerging economies urgently need large amounts of capital. On the other hand, large institutional investors are increasingly introducing Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria in their investment decisions and incorporating ‘green’ mandates in their statutes. One potential instrument to meet policymaker’s and investor’s needs are green bonds (GBs).

Therefore, this research aims to investigate the market barriers for municipal green bonds (MGBs) in Colombia. Since the topic has a niche character, the research method is based on a literature review and three experts’ interviews to add an insightful perspective of market practitioners. The structural barriers identified as obstacles to market development were macroeconomic variables that limit the access to capital markets, political variables such as corruption, conflicts, rivalries between parties and cortoplacismo as well as market skepticism to-wards new financial instruments and ‘green’ topics. Additionally, some specific market barriers of the green bonds market are significantly high transaction costs, lack of technical knowledge, dependence on external market actors, liquidity, and greenwashing risk. The last chapter of this master thesis presents policy recommendations for three key market actors: Colombian municipalities, the central government, and multilateral development banks.

María Torres

A market analysis of the opportunities, requisites, and challenges of the municipal green bonds market in Colombia

Should Colombian Cities Issue Green Bonds?

Es innegable el valor que ha tomado la sociedad de la información y del conocimiento para el progreso de los países en temas de competitividad e innovación (Nonaka y Takeuchi, 1999; Donate y Gaudamillas, 2009); y se ha constituido en preocupación de investigadores, indagar el avance en la gestión del conocimiento y como ha afectado a la innovación.&#13;
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Según Fudenberg, Drew y Tirole (1995) las organizaciones innovan y generan nuevas tecnologías con el fin de generar ventajas competitivas. Para Lazonick &amp; Prencipe (2005) y Malaver y Vargas (2007) la innovación se establece como un proceso de aprendizaje, donde el rol del ser humano determina las capacidades innovadoras, lo que posteriormente se agrega a la dimensión social; y más recientemente De Jong, Chesbrough, Vanhaverbeke &amp; West (2008) así como otros estudiosos del tema, hablan de innovación abierta la cual consiste en unir tanto las ideas internas como externas en los sistemas de innovación con el fin de crear valor (Citado por Velásquez &amp; Salgado, 2018).&#13;
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El referente teórico de la gestión del conocimiento involucra dinámicas organizacionales, el liderazgo, el aprendizaje, las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (Stankosky, Calabrase y Baldanza, 1999), además de teorías de la organización que permiten entender el origen y desarrollo de este tema de vanguardia; comprendiendo que la gestión del conocimiento enmarca aquellas acciones y herramientas para dirigir un entorno el cual se convoca a contribuir, desarrollar, exteriorizar y fortalecer el conocimiento al interior de las organizaciones (Valero, López &amp; Pirela, 2017).

Sandra Cristina Riascos Erazo

Adriana Aguilera Castro

Madurez de la gestión del conocimiento y su relación con la innovación en Pymes de Colombia

Jurisprudencia

Sebastián Senior Serrano

Análisis desde el páramo de Santurbán en el municipio de Cácota

Desarrollo y participación en los páramos de Colombia

Administración

Félix Oscar Socorro Márquez

Gloria Marlene Díaz Muñoz

Iliana Páez Gabriunas

Mario Ernesto Martínez Avella

Alejandro J Useche

Yonni Ángel Cuero Acosta

Gabriel Turbay Bernal*

Lina María Echeverri Cañas

Álvaro Ramírez Restrepo

Norbey Amaya

Merlin Patricia Grueso Hinestroza

Giuseppe Vanoni

Paula Díaz Márquez

Michael Méndez Carrillo

Juan Fernando Giraldo

Mauricio Sanabria

Giovanni Efraín Reyes Ortiz

aproximaciones a la teoría  y la práctica de este campo

La estrategia organizacional

Inspired Traveller's Guides

Discover the destinations that have inspired the world’s greatest art, cinema, food, novels and music.Pure armchair travel, this book is for anyone with a sense of wanderlust and curiosity: immerse yourself in 100 places that have inspired a remarkable cultural environment.In Paris, visit the labyrinth streets of Victor Hugo’s Les Misérables&nbsp;and the charming streets of Montmartre, the backdrop of Amélie; in New York visit Brooklyn, home of Spike Lee’s Do the Right Thing and Jean-Michel Basquiat’s stomping ground round the East Village. Split by continent, and with fascinating text and charming hand-drawn illustrations for each entry, this is the ultimate atlas of 100 cultural places every armchair traveller needs to know about.

Our World in 100 Cultural Places

The Inspired Traveller

Sandra Cristina Riascos

Álvaro Enríquez Martínez

Oscar Martin Rosero Sarasty

Oscar Martin Rosero Ecoe Ediciones

Condiciones, dimensiones y modelos de éxito

Gestión del conocimiento en empresas

“T.J. English hits the bullseye again. This is true crime writing at its most gripping and immediate — a riveting epic about crooked cops, lawyers, prosecutors, judges, and politicians who corrupted a continent and got snow to flow out of the tropics. The Last Kilo is a revelation.” —Nicholas Pileggi, author of Goodfellas and CasinoFrom true-crime legend T. J. English, the epic, behind-the-scenes saga of “Los Muchachos,” one of the most successful cocaine trafficking organizations in American history—a story of glitz, glamour, and organized crime set against the notorious 1980s Miami drug war.Despite what Scarface might lead one to believe, violence was not the dominant characteristic of the cocaine business. It was corruption: the dirty cops, agents, lawyers, judges, and politicians who made the drug world go round. And no one managed that carousel of dangerous players in the South Florida underworld better than Willy Falcon.A Cuban exile whose family escaped Fidel Castro’s Cuba when he was eleven years old, Falcon, as a teenager, became active in the anti-Castro movement. He began smuggling cocaine into the U.S. as a way to raise money to buy arms for the Contras in Central America. This counter-revolutionary activity led directly to Willy’s genesis as a narco. He and his partners built an extraordinary international organization from the ground up. Los Muchachos, the syndicate founded by Falcon, thrived as a major cocaine distribution network in the U.S. from the late 1970’s into the early 1990’s. At their height, Los Muchachos made more than a hundred million dollars a year. At the same time, Willy, his brother Tavy Falcon, and partner Sal Magluta became famous as championship powerboat racers.Cocaine, used by everyone from A-list celebrities to lawyers and people in law enforcement, came to define the Cocaine Cowboys era, and for a time, Willy Falcon and those like him—major suppliers, of whom there were only a few—became stars in their own right. They were the deliverers of good times, at least until the downside of persistent cocaine use became apparent: delusions of grandeur, psychological addiction, financial ruin. Thus, the War on Drugs was born, and federal authorities came after Falcon and his crew with a vengeance. Willy found himself on the run, his marriage and family life in shambles, the halcyon days of boat races and lavish trips to Vegas and parties at the Mutiny night club seemingly a distant memory.T. J. English has been granted unprecedented access to the inner workings of Los Muchachos, sitting down with Willy Falcon and his associates for many lengthy interviews, and revealing never-before-understood details about drug trafficking and money laundering. A classic of true-crime writing from a master of the genre,&nbsp;The Last Kilo&nbsp;traces the rise and fall of a true cocaine empire—and the lives left in its wake.Go beyond the myth of the Cocaine Cowboys and discover the real story of the Miami drug war:<ul><li>A True Crime Saga: Follow the rise of Willy Falcon and Sal Magluta, championship powerboat racers who secretly built one of America’s most successful cocaine empires.</li><li>Unprecedented Access: Drawn from groundbreaking, exclusive interviews with Willy Falcon himself, revealing the inner workings of his multibillion-dollar operation for the first time.</li><li>From Freedom Fighters to Narcos: Uncover the shocking connection between the cocaine trade and the anti-Castro movement.</li><li>Corruption, Not Carnage: Discover why dirty cops, crooked lawyers, and powerful politicians—not just violence—were the true engines of the 1980s drug trade.</li>
</ul>

Willy Falcon and the Cocaine Empire That Seduced America

The Last Kilo

Political Science and International Studies (R0)

Marcos Alan Ferreira

Historical Developments and Impacts in South America

Criminal Non-State Actors

Leyes

La Constitución para la Confederación Granadina de 1858 representa un hito en la historia política de la región que hoy conocemos como Colombia. Redactada y promulgada por el Senado y la Cámara de Representantes de la Nueva Granada, esta Constitución surgió del Acto Legislativo del 10 de febrero de 1858, que reformó y añadió al Artículo 57 de la Constitución previa. El documento establecía la estructura política de la Confederación Granadina, una entidad federal compuesta por los Estados de Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Panamá y Santander.
Promulgada bajo la protección de "Dios Omnipotente, Autor y Supremo Legislador del Universo", la Constitución del 22 de mayo de 1858 delineó las bases para una nación soberana, libre e independiente, confederada a perpetuidad bajo el nombre de "Confederación Granadina". Este documento legal fue crucial en definir los límites territoriales de la Confederación, que correspondían a los del Virreinato de Nueva Granada en 1810, y estableció las relaciones fronterizas con Venezuela, Guatemala, Brasil y Ecuador.
La Constitución también definió la ciudadanía en la Confederación Granadina, estableciendo que eran granadinos todos los nacidos en el territorio confederado, los hijos de granadinos nacidos en el extranjero, los naturalizados y aquellos que, aunque no cumplieran con estos criterios, tuvieran las cualidades de granadinos según la Constitución de 1853. Además, se precisó quiénes eran considerados granadinos de nacimiento, incluyendo a los colombianos que habían prestado servicios al gobierno nacional.
Otro aspecto importante de la Constitución era la definición de los derechos y responsabilidades de los ciudadanos. Se estableció que los ciudadanos aptos para votar o ser elegidos para cargos públicos eran los varones granadinos mayores de 21 años, así como los menores de esa edad si estaban o habían estado casados. La ciudadanía podía suspenderse solo en caso de condena criminal o por enajenación mental.
Esta Constitución, aunque reemplazada posteriormente por la Constitución política de los Estados Unidos de Colombia de 1863, fue un paso significativo hacia la consolidación del federalismo en la región y marcó un periodo importante en la evolución constitucional y política de Colombia. Su promulgación fue un reflejo de los cambios sociales y políticos que se estaban produciendo en el país y en la región durante el siglo XIX.

Constitución para la Confederación Granadina de 1858

A NEW STATESMAN BOOK OF THE YEAR 2023 SHORTLISTED FOR THE KITSCHIES RED TENTACLE AWARD 2023 'Stylish, beautiful and strange' Jessie Greengrass As featured on BBC Open Book: 'poses questions about whether we can love AI and whether AI could love us ... I couldn't help but develop a soft spot for Mother' -- Johny Pitts Lena has always lived in the jungle with Mother. There they look after a holiday home in surroundings that burst with colour and crawl with danger. Lena's only other friend is Isabella, who once visited regularly with her wealthy parents and security drone, Anton. But Isabella and her family haven't been seen in years. Mother is not like other mothers. She gets angry when Lena draws her with a face. When Lena challenges her to portray herself, she paints a tiny yellow dot surrounded by swirling black. She is a bastion of light, she says, against an army of darkness. Outside, rebels are fighting to take over the country. Mother is determined nothing will change inside the security fence, nothing to threaten her bond with Lena, or endanger the family. But there are secrets that need to emerge. How did Lena end up here? And what has happened to the family who no longer visit? What has Mother been planning, and what is gathering around them to change their lives forever?

Los mercados de carbono: retos de la capacidad institucional y judicialización de los conflictos socioambientales en Colombia

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