Economies of the Modern World

Economies of the Modern World: Systems, Sectors, Indicators and Sustainable Transformation offers an accessible, interdisciplinary exploration of how modern economies function, evolve, and respond to global change. Covering economic foundations, major economic systems, industries, trade, finance, energy, natural resources, and development indicators, the book connects traditional economics with emerging transformations driven by artificial intelligence, automation, digital platforms, renewable energy, and sustainability. It also examines green, circular, blue, and net-zero economies alongside globalization, defence, conflict, and the space economy. Through clear explanations, comparative perspectives, tables, and illustrations, this comprehensive guide equips students, researchers, policymakers, educators, and general readers to understand economic performance, structural change, resilience, and pathways toward inclusive and sustainable development.