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Debating Law

Heinze Eric: Debating Hate Speech

Debating Hate Speech

Debating Autonomy

'Debating Law' is a new series that gives scholarly experts the opportunity to offer contrasting perspectives on significant topics of contemporary, general interest. In this second volume of the series, Conor Gearty argues that for rights to work effectively in the wider promotion of social justice, they need to be kept as far away as possible from the courts. He acknowledges the value of rights language in legal and political debate and accepts that human rights are not solely civil and political, with social rights language clearly having a progressive, emancipatory dimension. However he says that lawyers - even well-intentioned lawyers - damage the achievability of the kind of radical transformation in the priorities of states that a genuine commitment to social rights surely necessitates. Virginia Mantouvalou argues that social rights, defined as entitlements to the satisfaction of basic needs, are as essential for the well-being of the individual and the community as long-established civil and political rights. The real challenge, she suggests, is how best to give effect to social rights. Drawing on examples from around the world, she argues for their 'legalisation', and examines the role of courts and the role of legislatures in this process, both at a national and a international level.

Debating Social Rights

Human and Non-Human Targets in Armed Conflicts

Philip Bobbitt's seminal contribution, Constitutional Fate, first described the six fundamental forms of interpretive argument and showed how these operated to legitmate judicial review. In Constitutional Intepretation he takes up the remainder of this project: how are we to decide which forms should govern when, in hard cases, the differing methods of interpretation yield different results? How do forms of constitutional argument that maintain legitimacy also thereby ensure justice? This classic work is a layman's primer by which a student can learn to analyze constiutional problems from a legal point of view.

Constitutional Interpretation Revised Edition

Cambridge Studies in Constitutional Law

Prevention of an erosion of the rule of law is of utmost importance for democracy, because once autocratization begins, only one in five democracies manage to avert breakdown. This book offers a means of protecting the rule of law and counteracting its misuse for illiberal purpose. It analyses inherent anomalies that occur in so-called consolidated democracies, and the responses where the rule of law is seriously undermined. Only by identifying legal imperfections and addressing them, can crises of liberal democracies be avoided. András Sajó provides new theoretical and practical perspectives on legal positivism and legal interpretation. Making the rule of law more robust and its restoration successful requires an innovative, more militant approach to the rule of law. This book proves that unorthodox legal solutions can satisfy rule of law expectations. Otherwise, legality becomes a suicide pact for democracy. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

Legal Imperfection and What To Do About It

Militant Rule of Law

Beiträge zum Organisationsverfassungsrecht OrgVR

Jerome Schröder explores the proportionality claim for parliamentary elections at the federal and state level enshrined in the Constitution and uses this standard to assess the use of various technical electoral elements that have a disproportional effect. Case law and large parts of the legal literature interpret the principle of electoral equality as dependent on the electoral system. Accordingly, the requirement of equal success value of votes applies only in a proportional representation system. The author rejects the view that the principle of electoral equality governing elections to the Bundestag under Article 38 paragraph 1 of the Constitution implies - regardless of the particular electoral system - a proportionality requirement in the form of equal success value. Via Article 28 paragraph 1 sentence 2 of the Constitution, this requirement ultimately also applies in an equivalent manner to elections to the state parliaments.
 

 The technical electoral element that gradually distorts proportionality most strongly is the electoral threshold, whose disproportional effect can be justified by the constitutional principle of the functioning of the parliament. Overhang and compensatory systems that do not provide for full compensation distort proportionality less strongly than the electoral threshold. By contrast, proportionality distortions that arise - in the case of allocating overhang seats - from the partial or non-allocation of compensatory seats cannot be justified by the constitutional principle of the functioning of the parliament. The same applies to proportionality distortions resulting from the use of seat allocation methods. Since the Sainte-Laguë/Schepers method has been shown to be optimal with respect to success value, the d'Hondt method proves insufficient in light of the requirement of equal success value regardless of the electoral system and is therefore unconstitutional.

Proportionalität im Wahlrecht

This book provides an insightful, thought-provoking study of one of the world's most important courts. The European Court of Justice has had a transformative effect on EU Law but this has not been without controversy. This book explores criticisms levelled against the Court, examining whether concerns over judicial activism, unconventional interpretative methods, conflicts with national courts, and over-reach are justified. Drawing on the expertise of leading commentators, it offers various perspectives from across the spectrum of EU Law. The contributions included in the volume go beyond a legal analysis seeking to provide an understanding of the political and social context in which the Court operates and the wider impact of its judgments.

The European Court of Justice and its Critics

Themes and Perspectives

The Basic Structure Doctrine in Malaysia

Substantive Cases

Landmark Cases in EU Law, Volume 2

Human Rights Law in Perspective

Proportionality Under the UK Human Rights Act

Do private actors have constitutional duties? While traditionally only government actors are responsible for upholding constitutional rights, courts and constitution-makers increasingly do assign constitutional duties to private actors as well. Therefore, a landlord may have constitutional duties to their tenants, and a sports club may even have duties to its fans. This book argues that this phenomenon of applying rights 'horizontally' can be understood through the lens of republican political theory. Themes echoing such concepts as the common good and civic duty from republican thought recur in discourses surrounding horizontal application. Bambrick traces republican themes in debates from the United States, India, Germany, South Africa, and the European Union. While these contexts have vastly different histories and aspirations, constitutional actors in each place have considered the horizontal application of rights and, in doing so, have made republican arguments.

A Comparative Inquiry

Constitutionalizing the Private Sphere

What is tradition in American constitutional law, and what is its enduring appeal in American culture? In The Constitution of Practice, Marc O. DeGirolami presents and defends his theory of constitutional law, one rooted in our political, legal, and cultural experience. He argues that constitutional traditions are the ways in which we manifest, give concrete form to, and transmit political excellence across time. He explains how traditions also bind us to one another, strengthening the civic affection necessary to a democratic republic. Responding to several criticisms, the author discusses the relationship of constitutional method and American politics, evaluating traditionalism's political adhesion and its prospects in the coming decades. At a time when Americans increasingly do not trust their institutions, DeGirolami explores how a traditionalist approach to the Constitution can begin to repair the disaffection that many now feel for their legal institutions.

On Law and Tradition

The Constitution of Practice

Money in political campaigns is a subject of endless current interest and enormous consequence for American democracy. Beginning in 1976, in Buckley v. Valeo, the Supreme Court established a framework for public campaign regulation that declared that money constitutes "speech" and that the only constitutional basis upon which the government can regulate money was to prohibit corruption or the appearance of corruption. The Court then defined corruption narrowly and held that direct "contributions" to candidates could be limited on that basis but that "expenditures," by political candidates and others, could not. Over time as the role of money became more and more serious in politics the Court in a number of decisions seemed to be turning more willing to accept regulation. But in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, the new conservative Supreme Court sharply turned against permitting regulation, including of corporations. Today that regime of nearly full protection for anyone spending virtually any amount of money for or against candidates and issues remains securely in place. The question, after a half century of this system, is whether this interpretation of the First Amendment is sound or not. If yes, then what are the justifications and what will be the consequences? If not, then what are alternative interpretations and what would the world be like under each one? The contributors, all scholars and experts in this area, give their interpretations and proposals.

Fifty Years of Supreme Court Decisions and Campaign Finance Reforms

Money, Politics, and the First Amendment

This book examines how constitutional courts can sustainably contribute to advancing democratic norms in hybrid regimes, i.e. regimes that are neither fully democratic nor fully authoritarian. Using a comparative approach analysing cases from across the globe, particularly from Hong Kong, Pakistan, and Uganda, Julius Yam makes the case that courts can assume a democracy-enhancing role to mitigate the problems arising from hybrid regimes. The book reveals the challenges faced by courts in performing such a role. It also proposes a adjudicative framework that systematically integrates principled judging with judicial strategy, and suggests non-adjudicative techniques that judges can adopt to reinforce democracy. While theoretical in substance, this book is informed by empirical studies and draws on a wide range of disciplines, including law, political science, sociology and psychology. The book will be a key resource to judges, academics, and practitioners who are interested in the study of democracy and courts. Its insights are particularly pertinent in an age of democratic backsliding and resurgence of authoritarianism. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

Principles and Strategies in Hybrid Regimes

Judging for Democracy

Debating Hate Speech

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