In these times of climate change, the effects of climatic conditions on the composition of building materials, components and structures are coming to the fore alongside the use of resource-efficient materials. Of particular importance is the role of thermal insulation in structural physics. Approaches such as reducing heat influx, using design features to prevent interior cooling in low outdoor temperatures, and the choice of materials can reduce the need for energy-intensive air conditioning. This volume looks at various objectives of thermal insulation, grounded in principles of structural physics, materials science, and structural design.