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Economics and Finance (R0)

Edmund Li Sheng

A Recent History of Global Imbalances

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;Chapter 1: Cause of Global Imbalances.- Chapter 2: Deindustrialization and Offshore Outsourcing&lt;!-- [if supportFields]&gt;&lt;span
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field-end'&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;in the United States.- Chapter 3: Theoretical Explanation and Empirical Analysis of Offshore Outsourcing.- Chapter 4: A Global Economy for the Future.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The book examines South Korea's evolving role in the global economic legal framework by analyzing how this developed nation navigates complex trade relationships, shapes international norms, and addresses emerging challenges in a rapidly changing world order.Through detailed case studies of South Korea's economic diplomacy with major partners, it traces the country's strategic transition from adhering to GATT rules to becoming a leader in regional free trade agreements. It also explores South Korea's innovative methods of integrating sustainability and digitalization into its trade policy. The book provides a clear understanding of how a developed Asian economy balances domestic priorities with international obligations. By investigating the causal mechanisms behind its policy choices, the book assesses the strengths and weaknesses of South Korea's strategies as an influential middle power, and their global impact.This book will be of interest to scholars and policymakers in international economic law, comparative law, international trade and investment law, particularly those interested in Asian perspectives on global economic governance.

International Economic Law in a Developed Korea

This book studies how international law is evolving to meet the challenges of the digital age. This book tries to answer this question by presenting a detailed analysis of how international law is responding or failing to respond to the digital economy.

The author investigates how leading countries with advanced digital economic systems, including the regulation of cryptocurrencies or digital trade and E-commerce in the European Union, China, and USA, have approached these issues. Taking the WTO and the UN as examples, the book examines the efforts made by these international institutions to retrofit traditional legal structures for a world increasingly defined by the internet. Can global trade rules designed for physical goods be applied to digital products and services? How can global institutions facilitate cooperation between countries with drastically different levels of technological development? These questions shape the discussion.

The approach used in this book does not only focus on the laws but also the growing technological world. The digital world is more dynamic than it is possible to regulate it through laws that may take a lot of time to be adopted and enforced. Some laws were drafted many years ago and may now be incomplete and full of loopholes and ambiguities. By mixing legal research with real-world examples, this book aims to provide practical insights into how international law can progress to address these issues at the front. This book provides the reader with a valuable understanding of the digital economy and its relationship with international law by integrating comparative legal analysis with insights regarding contemporary global economic conditions. The author has looked at laws and regulations, examined case studies, and critically assessed how international law might (or might not) be the solution to the challenges of globalization in the digital age.

This book studies how international law is evolving to meet the challenges of the digital age. This book tries to answer this question by presenting a detailed analysis of how international law is responding or failing to respond to the digital economy.The author investigates how leading countries with advanced digital economic systems, including the regulation of cryptocurrencies or digital trade and E-commerce in the European Union, China, and USA, have approached these issues. Taking the WTO and the UN as examples, the book examines the efforts made by these international institutions to retrofit traditional legal structures for a world increasingly defined by the internet. Can global trade rules designed for physical goods be applied to digital products and services? How can global institutions facilitate cooperation between countries with drastically different levels of technological development? These questions shape the discussion.The approach used in this book does not only focus on the laws but also the growing technological world. The digital world is more dynamic than it is possible to regulate it through laws that may take a lot of time to be adopted and enforced. Some laws were drafted many years ago and may now be incomplete and full of loopholes and ambiguities. By mixing legal research with real-world examples, this book aims to provide practical insights into how international law can progress to address these issues at the front. This book provides the reader with a valuable understanding of the digital economy and its relationship with international law by integrating comparative legal analysis with insights regarding contemporary global economic conditions. The author has looked at laws and regulations, examined case studies, and critically assessed how international law might (or might not) be the solution to the challenges of globalization in the digital age.

Exploring the New Horizons of International Law Concerning Globalization of Economy

Accounting, Finance, Sustainability, Governance & Fraud: Theory and Application

This book examines the field of financial cooperation and regulation along the Belt and Road. By evaluating the relevant theories, investigating the different sectors and analysing the practices of the individual country case studies, the book presents a well-rounded portrait of the topic.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The book draws from experiences of different jurisdictions and provides a thorough and comprehensive study of different sectors, such as banking, bond, transportation finance, professionals, and others. The&nbsp;chapter authors’ in-depth experience provides both an academic's and practitioner’s view into the variety of topics explored.&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;This book is beneficial to undergraduate and postgraduate students, academics, financial professional, as well as law enforcement agencies and financial regulators who are interested in financial regulatory issues that have arisen as a result of China's Belt and Road Initiative.

This book examines the field of financial cooperation and regulation along the Belt and Road. By evaluating the relevant theories, investigating the different sectors and analysing the practices of the individual country case studies, the book presents a well-rounded portrait of the topic. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;The book draws from experiences of different jurisdictions and provides a thorough and comprehensive study of different sectors, such as banking, bond, transportation finance, professionals, and others. The&nbsp;chapter authors’ in-depth experience provides both an academic's and practitioner’s view into the variety of topics explored.&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;This book is beneficial to undergraduate and postgraduate students, academics, financial professional, as well as law enforcement agencies and financial regulators who are interested in financial regulatory issues that have arisen as a result of China's Belt and Road Initiative.

Along the Belt and Road

Financial Cooperation and Regulation

Makers of the Modern World

Peasants

Global Governance

This book examines the transformative changes in international corporate taxation from 2008 to 2021, culminating in the landmark October 2021 Agreement that fundamentally altered multinational business taxation.The study analyses how the 2008 Financial Crisis and 2020 COVID-19 pandemic catalysed reform through G-20 and OECD initiatives, resulting in a two-pillar framework with conditional mismatch rules and a 15% minimum Effective Corporate Tax Rate applied country-by-country.Through empirical, comparative, and meta-historical analysis, the author reveals the decisive influence of the Transnational Tax Policy Community (TTPC) as agenda-setter, adviser, and gatekeeper. Despite the TTPC's significant role, the research demonstrates that domestic politics substantially impact implementation and enforcement outcomes.The work introduces a Dynamic Model of Corporate Tax Governance that not only explains recent revolutionary changes but also predicts future developments in global tax governance, illuminating the ongoing tension between multilateral cooperation and state sovereignty in international taxation.

Crisis, Consensus, and Revolution

Global Corporate Tax Governance

Advances in Japanese Business and Economics

This book clarifies the cause and effect of Japan’s “Lost Three Decades”. By analyzing factors such as exchange rates, industrial structure, internal migration, and the labor market, and in part comparing them with those of the U.S. economy, it offers new insights into the significant structural transformations that have occurred in the Japanese economy. It particularly highlights the different performance between the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors as a cause of the prolonged stagnation. The asset price bubble of the 1980s and the strong yen in the 1990s altered the employment structure of the export-driven manufacturing sector, drawing laborers to the service sector. The resulting allocation of resources to the low-productivity service sector has delayed economic recovery. It also discusses problems of an excess concentration in the Tokyo Metropolitan area. This book not only identifies structural change in the Japanese economy but also provides a practical framework for a differential productivity economic growth model. The studies offer a fresh understanding of Japan’s economic transformation, with implications that can be directly applied to real-world economic scenarios, making it a valuable resource for economists, researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in the dynamics of the Japanese economy.

This book clarifies the cause and effect of Japan’s “Lost Three Decades”. By analyzing factors such as exchange rates, industrial structure, internal migration, and the labor market, and in part comparing them with those of the U.S. economy, it offers new insights into the significant structural transformations that have occurred in the Japanese economy. It particularly highlights the different performance between the manufacturing and non-manufacturing sectors as a cause of the prolonged stagnation. The asset price bubble of the 1980s and the strong yen in the 1990s altered the employment structure of the export-driven manufacturing sector, drawing laborers to the service sector. The resulting allocation of resources to the low-productivity service sector has delayed economic recovery. It also discusses problems of an excess concentration in the Tokyo Metropolitan area. This book not only identifies structural change in the Japanese economy but also provides a practical framework for a differential productivity economic growth model. The studies offer a fresh understanding of Japan’s economic transformation, with implications that can be directly applied to real-world economic scenarios, making it a valuable resource for economists, researchers, policymakers, and anyone interested in the dynamics of the Japanese economy.

On the Structural Transformation of the Japanese Economy 1985-2023

China Perspectives

This book systematically examines how the digitalization of global value chains (GVCs) has driven the high-quality development of China's manufacturing industry. It reveals the intrinsic mechanisms and pathways through which digital technologies reshape the international division of labor and promote industrial upgrading.Integrating theory with empirical analysis, the book establishes an innovative measurement framework for GVC digitalization. Using data from China's manufacturing sectors from 2000 to 2020, the book evaluates the quality of industrial development across five dimensions: innovation, coordination, green development, openness, and sharing. The book provides an in-depth analysis of the characteristics, challenges, and multidimensional impacts of Chinese manufacturing's integration into digital GVCs. Using rigorous econometric models, the study demonstrates that digitalization primarily advances high-quality manufacturing development through three channels: reducing transaction costs, fostering technological innovation, and optimizing resource allocation. Finally, the book proposes strategic pathways and policy implications targeted to China's manufacturing industry, offering a solid theoretical foundation and decision-making reference for achieving value chain upgrading and structural optimization in the digital era.This book will be valuable for scholars and policymakers in the fields of the digital economy, global value chains, international trade, and industrial economics, as well as for university students and industry professionals.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license

Case Studies from the Chinese Industry

Digitization of the Global Value Chain and High-Quality Development

There is always a dark side, and taxation in its international dimension is no less. Pecunia, being the cash, drives it more than philosophical principles like justice or solidarity. International taxpayers, whether individuals or corporations, do not feel the same obligations vis à vis the society where they temporarily live, work and produce their wealth as if they would feel if they were permanently integrated in a country. The reader of this textbook will be conducted within the technicalities of international taxation by way of an original perspective on philosophy, politics and economics (PPE) affording (i) who has the right to exercise the power to tax by examining the criteria to determine the jurisdiction to tax both in the worldwide and territorial system, (ii) how to exercise the power to tax, through tax return or withholding tax, (iii) what to tax among active and passive income within inbound and outbound taxation, (iv) how much to tax through the transfer pricing, (v) international taxation as part of international law, (vi) international tax treaties, and finally (vii) the BEPS projects that represent the very last evolution in the field. Scandals, leaks as a James Bond movie, aggressive tax planning techniques and related case law, involving high-net-worth individuals as well as multinational corporations, bring the reader to discover that each single State belonging to the international community acts as a chess player before the international tax chessboard observing as pieces its own economy, its own society, and balancing any tax policy decision with possible reactions of domestic taxpayers that could move away, those foreign taxpayers that could decide to move in, and possible retaliations from other States.
The ambition is to get the reader convinced that, as the Sicilian Tancredi Falconeri warns his uncle Don Fabrizio Corbera, Prince of Salina, in the masterpiece book "The Leopard" of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, "everything must change because everything remains as it is", and only exploring what is behind the stage of international taxation clarifies how this important piece of social science really works.

There is always a dark side, and taxation in its international dimension is no less. Pecunia, being the cash, drives it more than philosophical principles like justice or solidarity. International taxpayers, whether individuals or corporations, do not feel the same obligations vis à vis the society where they temporarily live, work and produce their wealth as if they would feel if they were permanently integrated in a country. The reader of this textbook will be conducted within the technicalities of international taxation by way of an original perspective on philosophy, politics and economics (PPE) affording (i) who has the right to exercise the power to tax by examining the criteria to determine the jurisdiction to tax both in the worldwide and territorial system, (ii) how to exercise the power to tax, through tax return or withholding tax, (iii) what to tax among active and passive income within inbound and outbound taxation, (iv) how much to tax through the transfer pricing, (v) international taxation as part of international law, (vi) international tax treaties, and finally (vii) the BEPS projects that represent the very last evolution in the field. Scandals, leaks as a James Bond movie, aggressive tax planning techniques and related case law, involving high-net-worth individuals as well as multinational corporations, bring the reader to discover that each single State belonging to the international community acts as a chess player before the international tax chessboard observing as pieces its own economy, its own society, and balancing any tax policy decision with possible reactions of domestic taxpayers that could move away, those foreign taxpayers that could decide to move in, and possible retaliations from other States.
 
 The ambition is to get the reader convinced that, as the Sicilian Tancredi Falconeri warns his uncle Don Fabrizio Corbera, Prince of Salina, in the masterpiece book “The Leopard” of Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa, “everything must change because everything remains as it is”, and only exploring what is behind the stage of international taxation clarifies how this important piece of social science really works.

Pecunia non olet

The Dark Side of International Tax Law

Cambridge Elements in International Economics

The Trade Story of the MENA Region

Breaking or Building Bridges?

In Understanding International Trade, Reto Foellmi and Stefan Legge provide a clear, structured, and profound introduction to the theory of international trade. Designed for students and practitioners with an interest in global economics, the book explains why nations trade, how trade affects welfare and income distribution, and what determines the patterns and volume of global trade flows. Starting with the earliest trade models, such as Ricardo's theory of comparative advantage, the book walks through a range of foundational and advanced models, seeking a deep understanding while avoiding technical overload. It includes the Heckscher-Ohlin framework, specific-factors models, the Dornbusch-Fischer-Samuelson and the Eaton-Kortum model. It then transitions to modern trade theory, covering increasing returns to scale, monopolistic competition, and firm-level heterogeneity as in the Krugman and Melitz models. Each model is presented with a clear setup, graphical illustrations, and economic intuition, allowing readers to understand the underlying mechanisms as well as policy implications. The book emphasizes both the theoretical and empirical relevance of trade models. It explains how trade costs, productivity differences, and endowment structures influence trade flows, and introduces tools like the gravity equation for analyzing real-world data. While it focuses on real trade in goods, it also touches on factor mobility and the role of institutions in shaping trade outcomes. A comprehensive yet approachable guide with exercises at the end of each chapter, this book offers a better understanding of the logic, structure, and real-world relevance of international trade theory.

Insights from Trade Theory

Understanding International Trade

European Yearbook of International Economic Law

EYIEL Monographs - Studies in European and International Economic Law

This book provides a critical examination of the deficiencies in decent work within global supply chains. It explicitly identifies and discusses the core elements of decent work as defined by the International Labour Organisation's (ILO) decent work agenda, while underscoring the essential international human and labour rights principles that are integral to achieving these standards. The study firmly asserts that multinational enterprises (MNEs) have a pivotal role in advancing decent work initiatives. However, it is undeniable that many of these enterprises frequently fail to comply with established decent work standards. MNEs have gained stronger international influence, and they are able to move their businesses to countries with low cost of labour and less regulations. This phenomenon weakens the governments of host nations as they are keen to promote foreign direct investment in order to reduce unemployment and to ensure economic growth. As a result, the host nations are encouraged to set laws that will attract MNEs at the expense of human and core labour rights. As a result, MNEs are not held accountable in respect of alleged abuses of human and labour rights.
This book recommends regulatory reforms, which will empower the ILO to intervene to prevent human and labour rights violations by MNEs and where such violations occur, to at least provide effective remedies to vulnerable employees.

Compliance with Decent Work Standards by Multinational Enterprises

This book examines the Chinese vocational education system—an arena of growing significance in China’s economic transformation. Over the past few decades, the central government has moved to decentralize a traditionally school-based skill development system, embracing a more market-oriented model that incorporates substantial employer involvement. This shift has produced a highly decentralized system centered on targeted training partnerships between schools and firms. These collaborations, further institutionalized by a series of reforms associated with the Made in China 2025 initiative, have helped alleviate skilled labor shortages and sustain the competitiveness of China’s industrial sector globally. Yet, this book argues that neither a centralized, school-led model nor a decentralized, employer-driven approach has established the ideal institutional foundations necessary for sustainable workforce upskilling. This provocative study explores the future of skills development in China and identifies critical reforms needed to build a labor force capable of sustaining the country’s economic trajectory in the decades ahead.

This book examines the Chinese vocational education system—an arena of growing significance in China’s economic transformation. Over the past few decades, the central government has moved to decentralize a traditionally school-based skill development system, embracing a more market-oriented model that incorporates substantial employer involvement. This shift has produced a highly decentralized system centered on targeted training partnerships between schools and firms. These collaborations, further institutionalized by a series of reforms associated with the 
 Made in China 2025
 initiative, have helped alleviate skilled labor shortages and sustain the competitiveness of China’s industrial sector globally. Yet, this book argues that neither a centralized, school-led model nor a decentralized, employer-driven approach has established the ideal institutional foundations necessary for sustainable workforce upskilling. This provocative study explores the future of skills development in China and identifies critical reforms needed to build a labor force capable of sustaining the country’s economic trajectory in the decades ahead.

An Institutional Dilemma in China's Vocational Education System

Upskilling the Chinese workforce?

A Recent History of Global Imbalances

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