Together the Dacians and the Getae were the creators of the largest unified power of ancient Europe outside of the Roman Empire, yet each was colonized and integrated into the Roman imperial system differently. Unlike the short-lived but intense Roman experience of the Dacians, the Getae met first Greek colonists, followed by Roman integration in stages over many years. This volume utilizes high-resolution GIS mapping, remote sensing data, and aerial and satellite imagery to demonstrate changes to the landscape and to reconsider human settlement in antiquity. It provides a fresh investigation of the evolution of urbanization and developments in local economy, as well as long-term changes in material culture, social behavior, and identity over more than a thousand years. The Getae offers a realistic appreciation of the character of Roman military occupation and participation of provincial subjects in the Roman imperial system.