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Elements of Paleontology

This Element provides a hypothesis-driven look at testing models for diversification in Cambrian echinoderms.

This Element provides a hypothesis-driven look at testing models for diversification in Cambrian echinoderms, fitting and using a joint tree and diversification model to estimate a dated phylogeny of the Cincta (Echinodermata).

Wright A: Testing Character Evolution
Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology

Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology

A case study with Cambrian echinoderms

1. Introduction; 2. Taxonomic Background and Data; 3. Taxonomic Background and Data; 4. Methods; 5. Discussion; 6. Conclusion; Appendix; References.

"This Element reviews the ecologies of skeletal trace-producing interactions on echinoids in modern ecosystems and the recognition of those biogenic traces in the fossil record. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core"--

This Element reviews the ecologies of skeletal trace-producing interactions on echinoids in Modern ecosystems and the recognition of those biogenic traces in the fossil record. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Modern Insights into Ancient Interactions

The Ecology of Biotic Interactions in Echinoids

The extraxial-axial theory (EAT) and universal elemental homology (UEH) are often portrayed as mutually exclusive hypotheses of homology within pentaradiate Echinodermata. EAT describes homology upon the echinoderm bauplan, interpreted through early post-metamorphic growth and growth zones, dividing it into axial regions generally associated with elements of the ambulacral system and extraxial regions that are not. UEH describes the detailed construction of the axial skeleton, dividing it into homologous plates and plate series based on symmetry, early growth, and function. These hypotheses are not in conflict; the latter is rooted in refinement of the former. Some interpretive differences arise because many of the morphologies described from eleutherozoan development are difficult to reconcile with Paleozoic forms. Conversely, many elements described for Paleozoic taxa by UEH, such as the peristomial border plates, are absent in eleutherozoans. This Element recommends these two hypotheses be used together to generate a better understanding of homology across Echinodermata.

The extraxial-axial theory (EAT) and universal elemental homology (UEH) are often portrayed as mutually exclusive hypotheses of homology within pentaradiate Echinodermata. The authors of this Element recommend these two hypotheses be used together to generate a better understanding of homology across Echinodermata.

A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology

Echinoderms have evolved diverse and disparate morphologies throughout the Phanerozoic. Among them, blastozoans, an extinct group of echinoderms that were an important component of Paleozoic marine ecosystems, are primarily subdivided into groups based on the morphology of respiratory structures. However, systematic and phylogenetic research from the past few decades have shown that respiratory structures in blastozoans are not group-defining and they have re-evolved throughout echinoderm evolution. This Element provides a review of the research involving blastozoan respiratory structures, along with research concerning the morphology, paleoecology, and ontogeny of each of the major groupings of blastozoans as it relates to their corresponding respiratory structures. Areas of future research in these groups are also highlighted.

This Element provides a review of the research involving blastozoan respiratory structures, along with research concerning the morphology, paleoecology, and ontogeny of each of the major groupings of blastozoans as it relates to their corresponding respiratory structures.

A Review of Blastozoan Echinoderm Respiratory Structures

The echinoderms are an ideal group to understand evolution from a holistic, interdisciplinary framework. The genetic regulatory networks underpinning development in echinoderms are some of the best known for any model group. Additionally, the echinoderms have an excellent fossil record, elucidating in in detail the evolutionary changes underpinning morphological evolution. In this Element, the echinoderms are discussed as a model group for molecular palaeobiological studies, integrating what is known of their development, genomes, and fossil record. Together, these insights shed light on the molecular and morphological evolution underpinning the vast biodiversity of echinoderms, and the animal kingdom more generally.

In this Element, the echinoderms are discussed as a model group for molecular palaeobiological studies, integrating what is known of their development, genomes, and fossil record.

Molecular Paleobiology of the Echinoderm Skeleton

Fossil crinoids are exceptionally suited to deep-time studies of community paleoecology and niche partitioning. By merging ecomorphological trait and phylogenetic data, this Element summarizes niche occupation and community paleoecology of crinoids from the Bromide fauna of Oklahoma (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician).

Fossil crinoids are exceptionally suited to deep-time studies of community paleoecology and niche partitioning. By merging ecomorphological trait and phylogenetic data, this Element summarizes niche occupation and community paleoecology of crinoids from the Bromide fauna of Oklahoma (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician).

Niche Evolution and Phylogenetic Community Paleoecology of Late Ordovician Crinoids

This Element analyses the use of Instagram as a science education platform, using a paleontology-focused account as a case study.

This Element provides insight into using Instagram as a science education platform by pioneering a set of calculated metrics, using a paleontology-focused account as a case study. The authors conducted year-long analyses of 455 posts and 139 stories that were created as part of an informal science learning project.

Developing Metrics for Instagram as a Natural Science Communication Tool

Follow the Fossils

This Element introduces select destructive and non-destructive tomographic techniques that are routinely applied to fossils and reviews how this work has improved our understanding of the anatomy, function, taphonomy, and phylogeny of fossil echinoderms.

This Element introduces select destructive and non-destructive tomographic techniques that are routinely applied to fossils and reviews how this work has improved our understanding of the anatomy, function, taphonomy, and phylogeny of fossil echinoderms.

Tomographic Techniques For Studying Fossil Echinoderms

Virtual Paleontology

Echinoid taphonomy biases have often impacted the study of echinoid evolution, diversity, and ecology. This Element reviews morphological features, preservation processes, and taphonomic pathways using recent studies and fossil taxa.

Skeletal Morphologies, Environmental Factors, and Preservation Pathways

The Taphonomy of Echinoids

Crinoid Feeding Strategies: New Insights From Subsea Video And Time-Lapse

An ontogenetic series of Deltasuchus motherali helps clarify its niche and resolve a contested part of the crocodyliform family tree.

New material attributable to Deltasuchus motherali, a neosuchian from the Cenomanian of Texas, provides sampling across much of the ontogeny of this species. Detailed descriptions provide information about the paleobiology of this species, particularly with regards to how growth and development affected diet. Overall snout shape became progressively wider and more robust with age, suggesting that dietary shifts from juvenile to adult were not only a matter of size change, but of functional performance as well. These newly described elements provide additional characters upon which to base more robust phylogenetic analyses. The authors provide a revised diagnosis of this species, describing the new material and discussing incidents of apparent ontogenetic variation across the sampled population. The results of the ensuing phylogenetic analyses both situate Deltasuchus within an endemic clade of Appalachian crocodyliforms, separate and diagnosable from goniopholidids and pholidosaurs, herein referred to as Paluxysuchidae. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.

Revealing Ecomorphological Niche Partitioning and Appalachian Endemism in Cenomanian Crocodyliforms

Expanded Sampling Across Ontogeny in Deltasuchus motherali (Neosuchia, Crocodyliformes)

Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) provide paleontologists with analaytical tools for investigating evolutionary tempo and mode in fossil lineages, but integrating them with fossil data can be challenging. This Element presents guides to applying PCMs with fossil taxa as well as example analayses illustrating common applications.

Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) provide paleontologists with analaytical tools for investigating evolutionary tempo and mode in fossil lineages, but integrating them with fossil data can be challenging. This Element presents guides to applying PCMs with fossil taxa as well as example analayses illustrating common applications.

Phylogenetic Comparative Methods: A User's Guide for Paleontologists

Functional Micromorphology of the Echinoderm Skeleton

Understanding Life

Understanding the Tree of Life

Oxford Series in Ecology and Evolution

Aimed at a broad audience of graduate students and researchers in ecology and evolution, this novel creates a persuasive argument that an explicit consideration of history will often lead to a deeper, more nuanced understanding of almost every eco-evolutionary system.

Aimed at a broad audience of graduate students and researchers in ecology and evolution, this novel creates a persuasive argument that an explicit consideration of history will often lead to a deeper, more nuanced understanding of almost every eco-evolutionary system.

Historical Approaches to Ecology and Evolution

Beyond Equilibria

Der biologische Sinn hinter der Vielfalt von Sex, Gender und Geschlecht

Diversität

Books about the origins of humanity dominate bestseller lists, while national newspapers present breathless accounts of new archaeological findings and speculate about what those findings tell us about our earliest ancestors. We are obsessed with prehistory-and, in this respect, our current era is no different from any other in the last three hundred years. In this coruscating work, acclaimed historian Stefanos Geroulanos demonstrates how claims about the earliest humans not only shaped Western intellectual culture, but gave rise to our modern world.
The very idea that there was a human past before recorded history only emerged with the Enlightenment, when European thinkers began to reject faith-based notions of humanity and history in favour of supposedly more empirical ideas about the world. From the "state of nature" and Romantic notions of virtuous German barbarians to theories about Neanderthals, killer apes and a matriarchal paradise where women ruled, Geroulanos captures the sheer variety and strangeness of the ideas that animated many of the major thinkers of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, including Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles Darwin and Karl Marx. Yet as Geroulanos shows, such ideas became, for the most part, the ideological foundations of repressive regimes and globe-spanning empires. Deeming other peoples "savages" allowed for guilt-free violence against them; notions of "killer apes" who were our evolutionary predecessors made war seem natural. The emergence of modern science only accelerated the West's imperialism. The Nazi obsession with race was rooted in archaeological claims about prehistoric IndoGermans; the idea that colonialised peoples could be "bombed back to the Stone Age" was made possible by the technology of flight and the anthropological idea that civilisation advanced in stages.
As Geroulanos argues, accounts of prehistory tell us more about the moment when they are proposed than about the deep past-and if we hope to start improving our future, we would be better off setting aside the search for how it all started. A necessary, timely, indelible account of how the quest for understanding the origins of humanity became the handmaiden of war and empire, The Invention of Prehistory will forever change how we think about the deep past.

Empire, Violence, and Our Obsession with Human Origins

The Invention of Prehistory

Ein Flügelschlag hin zu einem sicheren Rastplatz, ein Sprung in neues Territorium - Fortbewegung scheint selbstverständlich und ist doch entscheidend für das Leben auf der Erde. Die Mobilität der Tiere war für ihre Entwicklung revolutionär und gab ihnen Freiheit: Der Polarfuchs wandert über gefrorene Meere, Schmetterlinge ziehen tausende Kilometer weit und Aale schwimmen auf geheimnisvollen Wegen durch die Ozeane. Doch diese unglaubliche Fähigkeit hat ihren Preis: Sie macht verletzlich. 

Sophia Kimmig nimmt uns mit auf eine packende Reise durch die Welt der Fortbewegung - von Schwimmversuchen über den ersten Schritt an Land bis zu den spektakulären Wanderungen unserer Zeit. Die faszinierende Betrachtung eines der großen Phänomene des Lebens.

Ein Flügelschlag hin zu einem sicheren Rastplatz, ein Sprung in neues Territorium – Fortbewegung scheint selbstverständlich und ist doch entscheidend für das Leben auf der Erde. Die Mobilität der Tiere war für ihre Entwicklung revolutionär und gab ihnen Freiheit: Der Polarfuchs wandert über gefrorene Meere, Schmetterlinge ziehen tausende Kilometer weit und Aale schwimmen auf geheimnisvollen Wegen durch die Ozeane. Doch diese unglaubliche Fähigkeit hat ihren Preis: Sie macht verletzlich. 

Sophia Kimmig nimmt uns mit auf eine packende Reise durch die Welt der Fortbewegung – von Schwimmversuchen über den ersten Schritt an Land bis zu den spektakulären Wanderungen unserer Zeit. Die faszinierende Betrachtung eines der großen Phänomene des Lebens.

Wie Fortbewegung das Leben der Tiere bestimmt

Move!

Routledge Advances in Art and Visual Studies

This volume explores the effect of Darwinian theory on visual culture through analysis of popular graphics, scientific illustration, natural history diorama, as well as the more traditional art historical material such as painting and sculpture. It extends the discussion to examine the lasting impact the theory of evolution has had on the development of art history as an academic discipline.

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution bore a decisive influence on aesthetic thought that was nothing if not diverse. From biological models to European paintings, Darwinian theory offered art historians and artists a rich, evocative lens through which to view the world anew. This volume explores the effect of Darwinian theory on visual culture through analysis of popular graphics, scientific illustration, natural history diorama, as well as the more traditional art historical material such as painting and sculpture. It extends the discussion to examine the lasting impact the theory of evolution has had on the development of art history as an academic discipline.

The Darwin Effect

Evolutionary Theory and Visual Culture

The Hidden Truth of Our Divinity, Power and Destiny

Pure Human

C.H.BECK Wissen

Der Neandertaler gehört zu den geheimnisumwitterten Verwandten des Homo sapiens: War er ein dumpfer, keulenschwingender Kraftprotz oder ein Wesen mit entwickeltem Sozialverhalten und der Fähigkeit zu sprechen, differenziert zu planen und sogar Jenseitsvorstellungen zu entwickeln? Das vorliegende, reich bebilderte Buch informiert kompetent und allgemeinverständlich über Geschichte, Lebensbedingungen und Kultur des Neandertalers.

Der Neandertaler gehört zu den geheimnisumwitterten Verwandten des Homo sapiens: War er ein dumpfer, keulenschwingender Kraftprotz oder ein Wesen mit entwickeltem Sozialverhalten und der Fähigkeit zu sprechen, differenziert zu planen und sogar Jenseitsvorstellungen zu entwickeln? Das vorliegende, reich bebilderte Buch informiert kompetent und allgemeinverständlich über Geschichte, Lebensbedingungen und Kultur des Neandertalers.

Die Neandertaler

Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology

Inhalt

Bibliografische Angaben

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Schlagworte

Inhalt

Bibliografische Angaben

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Schlagworte

Weitere Titel der Reihe: Elements of Paleontology

Weitere Titel zum Thema