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This book is available either individually, or as part of the specially-priced Arguments of the Philosphers Collection.

This book is available either individually, or as part of the specially-priced Arguments of the Philosphers Collection.

Hamlyn D: Schopenhauer - Arg Phil

Schopenhauer - Arg Phil

1 Introduction 2 The Fourfold Root 3 Schopenhauer and Kant 4 The World as Representation 5 The World as Will 7 Ethics 8 Aspects of Human Life 9 Conclusion

International development has risen dramatically up both the political agenda in recent years. As the utopian myth of a global free market underpinned by the relentless spread of liberal democracy perishes in Iraq or is submerged under the floods brought on by climate change, politicians and churches pin more and more of their hopes for the world on international development. Proceeding from the premise that the 'work of political theology is to shed light from the Christian faith upon the intricate challenge of thinking about living in late-modern Western society' (O'Donovan) this book aims to understand the aspirations, purposes and practices of international development from the perspective and commitments of Christian faith. It aims to educate Christians and citizens in the practical reasonableness required for international development, based upon a recovery of traditional practices of charity.

International development has risen dramatically up both the political agenda in recent years. As the utopian myth of a global free market underpinned by the relentless spread of liberal democracy perishes in Iraq or is submerged under the floods brought on by climate change, politicians and churches pin more and more of their hopes for the world on international development.  Proceeding from the premise that the 'work of political theology is to shed light from the Christian faith upon the intricate challenge of thinking about living in late-modern Western society' (O'Donovan)  this book aims to understand the aspirations, purposes and practices of international development from the perspective and commitments of Christian faith. It aims to educate Christians and citizens in the practical reasonableness required for international development, based upon a recovery of traditional practices of charity.

Theological Reflections on International Development

After Charity

In some cases in the US, offenders have been made to take anti-psychotic drugs in order to restore competence to stand trial, or even to receive punishment. If such neurointerventions can change a person's behaviour can they be used to treat and more controversially, predict and prevent crime? Once a fantasy portrayed in films such as Minority Report such questions are fast-becoming fundamental ones for policy, law and ethics. This is the first book to introduce and explain the fundamental concepts, problems and debates around neuroscience, ethics and crime. After a helpful introduction the authors examine the following topics: Criminal justice, harm and the problem of punishment: why punish? Cognitive and behavioural neuroscience: a short introductionReading minds: can brain scans replace lie detector tests and predict reoffending?Neuroscientific assessments of competency Compulsory neurointerventions: can changing the brain be used to increase empathy and reduce violent urges?Voluntary neurointervention: is it wrong to administer neurointerventions even if the offender agrees to receive the neurointervention?Neuroscience, free will and moral responsibilityBroader issues in criminal justice, including the justification of criminal punishment and the role of moral intuitions in decision-making. Additional features, such as chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary make this an excellent resource for students of philosophy and those in related disciplines such as philosophy, criminology, law and criminal justice.

In some cases in the US, offenders have been made to take anti-psychotic drugs in order to restore competence to stand trial, or even to receive punishment. If such neurointerventions can change a person's behaviour can they be used to treat and more controversially, predict and prevent crime? Once a fantasy portrayed in films such as Minority Report such questions are fast-becoming fundamental ones for policy, law and ethics. This is the first book to introduce and explain the fundamental concepts, problems and debates around neuroscience, ethics and crime. After a helpful introduction the authors examine the following topics:<ul> <li>Criminal justice, harm and the problem of punishment: why punish? </li> <li>Cognitive and behavioural neuroscience: a short introduction</li> <li>Reading minds: can brain scans replace lie detector tests and predict reoffending?</li> <li>Neuroscientific assessments of competency </li> <li>Compulsory neurointerventions: can changing the brain be used to increase empathy and reduce violent urges?</li> <li>Voluntary neurointervention: is it wrong to administer neurointerventions even if the offender agrees to receive the neurointervention?</li> <li>Neuroscience, free will and moral responsibility</li> <li>Broader issues in criminal justice, including the justification of criminal punishment and the role of moral intuitions in decision-making.</li> </ul>Additional features, such as chapter summaries, annotated further reading and a glossary make this an excellent resource for students of philosophy and those in related disciplines such as philosophy, criminology, law and criminal justice.

An Introduction

Neuroscience, Ethics, and Criminal Punishment

Routledge Studies in Evangelicalism

This book is the first major study of the constellation of evangelists, mission halls, tent revivals, children's clubs, Bible institutes, musicians, advertising strategies, publishing enterprises, and philanthropic activity that constituted a vibrant substratum of British Evangelical Christianity between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries. This populist Protestant subculture has been well-charted in North America but virtually ignored in Britain. This lacuna is part due to a common assumption that secularization? corroded traditional religious communities during this era. By contrast, this book argues that this panoply of pan-denominational affinities and endeavours in fact represented an adaptation of the British Evangelical Protestant tradition to the age of mass democracy. In exploring the beliefs, worship and spirituality, gender roles, mission networks, revival events, material culture, and social protocols and taboos of popular Evangelicalism, the book presents a religious movement well-attuned to an age of popular politics, metropolitan culture, demotic advertising, and mass entertainment.

This book is the first major study of the constellation of evangelists, mission halls, tent revivals, children’s clubs, Bible institutes, musicians, advertising strategies, publishing enterprises, and philanthropic activity that constituted a vibrant substratum of British Evangelical Christianity between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries. This populist Protestant subculture has been well-charted in North America but virtually ignored in Britain. This lacuna is part due to a common assumption that secularization corroded traditional religious communities during this era. By contrast, this book argues that this panoply of pan-denominational affinities and endeavours in fact represented an adaptation of the British Evangelical Protestant tradition to the age of mass democracy. In exploring the beliefs, worship and spirituality, gender roles, mission networks, revival events, material culture, and social protocols and taboos of popular Evangelicalism, the book presents a religious movement well-attuned to an age of popular politics, metropolitan culture, demotic advertising, and mass entertainment.

Popular Evangelicalism in the Age of Mass Democracy

From the transatlantic revivals of the 1730s and 1740s through to the tumultuous years of the Napoleonic Wars, evangelicals thought a great deal about church history and the relationship of the past with recent events. In this ground-breaking study, Darren Schmidt considers the emergence and development of evangelical Protestantism in the North Atlantic context during the long eighteenth century, through the lens of history-writing by evangelicals themselves. Considering the writings of prominent early evangelicals such as Jonathan Edwards, John Newton and John Wesley, along with lesser known historians with evangelical connections, the volume asks why these individuals, amidst busy lives of pastoral ministry, study, and guidance to a fledgling religious movement, would devote their attention to the pages of the past. In so doing, Schmidt draws out new and intriguing connections between evangelicalism and the wider enlightenment world.

From the transatlantic revivals of the 1730s and 1740s through to the tumultuous years of the Napoleonic Wars, evangelicals thought a great deal about church history and the relationship of the past with recent events. In this ground-breaking study, Darren Schmidt considers the emergence and development of evangelical Protestantism in the North Atlantic context during the long eighteenth century, through the lens of history-writing by evangelicals themselves. Considering the writings of prominent early evangelicals such as Jonathan Edwards, John Newton and John Wesley, along with lesser known historians with evangelical connections, the volume asks why these individuals, amidst busy lives of pastoral ministry, study, and guidance to a fledgling religious movement, would devote their attention to the pages of the past. In so doing, Schmidt draws out new and intriguing connections between evangelicalism and the wider enlightenment world.

Evangelical History-Writing and the Construction of Identity, 1735-1810

Routledge Methodist Studies Series

This book examines two main themes which had national significance in eighteenth-century British Methodism. First, the interaction between the two distinct theological expressions of Methodism; Calvinist and Arminian. The 'parting of the ways' marks the first major split in Methodism as the differences of theological understanding changed into the demarcation of religious organisations. The core of the book will feature a series of case-studies which explore Calvinist and Arminian Methodists in a number of key locations, where competition and even religious take-over bids were used by John Wesley's movement to gain religious dominance. Secondly, the book explores the nature of John Wesley's leadership of his movement, and especially how the competition between the Calvinist and Arminian strands of Methodism made it necessary for Wesley to change the way he exercised his leadership and authority. This will be examined through Wesley's role as connexional leader and his relationships with individual preachers and society members. Hart also explores both the reasons his leadership changed over the period of the study and the impact these changes had in the local context. The book will explore how these changes were made necessary by the increasing size of his 'Connexion' and the attendant changes in the application of Wesleyan discipline especially on the itinerant preachers. Whilst much has been written about Wesleyanism, and more specifically about John Wesley as a religious leader, and there is now an increase of interest in George Whitefield and the Calvinist branch of Methodism. This book is unique in examining how the two affected each other at the local level. The book shows that, however united were the leaders of early Methodism even in their theological diversity, in promoting evangelical revival their unity was not strong enough to hold together the religious movements they founded.

This book examines two main themes which had national significance in eighteenth-century British Methodism. First, the interaction between the two distinct theological expressions of Methodism; Calvinist and Arminian. The ’parting of the ways’ marks the first major split in Methodism as the differences of theological understanding changed into the demarcation of religious organisations. The core of the book will feature a series of case-studies which explore Calvinist and Arminian Methodists in a number of key locations, where competition and even religious take-over bids were used  by John Wesley’s movement to gain religious dominance. Secondly, the book explores the nature of John Wesley’s leadership of his movement, and especially how the competition between the Calvinist and Arminian strands of Methodism made it necessary for Wesley to change the way he exercised his leadership and authority. This will be examined through Wesley’s role as connexional leader and his relationships with individual preachers and society members. Hart also explores both the reasons his leadership changed over the period of the study and the impact these changes had in the local context. The book will explore how these changes were made necessary by the increasing size of his ’Connexion’ and the attendant changes in the application of Wesleyan discipline especially on the itinerant preachers.    Whilst much has been written about Wesleyanism, and more specifically about John Wesley as a religious leader, and there is now an increase of interest in George Whitefield and the Calvinist branch of Methodism. This book is unique in examining how the two affected each other at the local level. The book shows that, however united were the leaders of early Methodism even in their theological diversity, in promoting evangelical revival their unity was not strong enough to hold together the religious movements they founded.

Calvinist and Arminian Theology in Eighteenth-century British Methodism

The book seeks to move forward debates on postsecularity as conceived by Habermas et.al. which recognise that, contrary to secular expectations, religion persists. The study is unique in exploring the irruptions (external breakthroughs) that unsettle secularisation and which give rise to postsecularisation. This shift has rendered sociology vulnerable to some unexpected theological considerations, some of which are explored in the study. Topics considered in the study, which make it accessible, include: dilemmas of naming; emotions and the visual; martyrdom and theodicy. Each of these has irruptive properties that force sociology to reconsider its theological debts. Postsecularity has become a fashionable term, but one which needs to be fleshed out and this study grasps a moment of opportunity to do so, which renders it original.

The book seeks to move forward debates on postsecularity as conceived by Habermas et.al. which recognise that, contrary to secular expectations, religion persists. The study is unique in exploring the irruptions (external breakthroughs) that unsettle secularisation and which give rise to postsecularisation. This shift has rendered sociology vulnerable to some unexpected theological considerations, some of which are explored in the study. Topics considered in the study, which make it accessible, include: dilemmas of naming; emotions and the visual; martyrdom and theodicy. Each of these has irruptive properties that force sociology to reconsider its theological debts. Postsecularity has become a fashionable term, but one which needs to be fleshed out and this study grasps a moment of opportunity to do so, which renders it original.

Postsecularity and Sociology

Existentialism: An Introduction is a unique and contemporary textbook that goes beyond the traditional treatment of this important philosophical movement. Aiming to offer a more diverse understanding of existential thought this textbook asks questions such as, what is existence? What does it mean to be human? Can existence be justified? What is mental illness in existential terms? What is reality? by examining existential thought throughout history in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas. Features such as chapter summaries, further reading, examples and a comprehensive glossary make this the ideal textbook for students approaching the topic of existentialism for the first time.

What is existence? What is philosophy? What does it mean to be human? Can existence be justified? What is mental illness in existential terms? What role does power play in the existential concept of freedom? What is reality? Existentialism: An Introduction is a unique and contemporary textbook that goes beyond the traditional treatment of this important philosophical movement. The textbook starts by introducing the reader to key themes and then moves on to discuss specific debates in the field. Lewis Gordon aims to offer a diverse understanding of existential thought from throughout history by discussing developments and debates in Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas. Key movements examined include:<ul> <li>Existential pragmatism</li> <li>Existential feminism</li> <li>Africana and black existentialism</li> <li>Existential Marxism</li> <li>Conservatism</li> <li>Liberalism</li> <li>Hermeneutical existentialism</li> <li>Queer theory</li> </ul>With lively examples, chapter summaries and further reading throughout this outstanding textbook equips the reader with a thorough knowledge of existentialism, ideal for students approaching the subject for the first time.

A Global Introduction

Existentialism

Global Ethics

How have the major philosophical traditions addressed global gender issues? How do gendered power dynamics privilege some voices over others? How do states and other political actors respond to major global gender issues? What is the position of transgender persons in world politics? How do gender norms and power dynamics shape the ways in which the global economy produces or reinforces socio-economic inequities? What role do gender norms play in the context of war and conflict? How do gender norms influence international human rights laws?Global Gender: Ethical and Political Issues provides readers with the analytical tools to better understand the suppositions that underlie the debates about such questions, as well as advances its own reasoned and informed ethical analyses of these topics. The book engages different normative approaches from the fields of ethics, political theory, sociology and international relations and uses them to examine a set of international case studies on the subjects of human trafficking, female infanticide and the role of gender in war and conflict.

How have the major philosophical traditions addressed global gender issues? How do gendered power dynamics privilege some voices over others? How do states and other political actors respond to major global gender issues? What is the position of transgender persons in world politics? How do gender norms and power dynamics shape the ways in which the global economy produces or reinforces socio-economic inequities? What role do gender norms play in the context of war and conflict? How do gender norms influence international human rights laws?Global Gender: Ethical and Political Issues provides readers with the analytical tools to better understand the suppositions that underlie the debates about such questions, as well as advances its own reasoned and informed ethical analyses of these topics. The book engages different normative approaches from the fields of ethics, political theory, sociology and international relations and uses them to examine a set of international case studies on the subjects of human trafficking, female infanticide and the role of gender in war and conflict.

Ethical and Political Issues

Global Gender

In many European states, multiculturalism has recently come under attack, being openly questioned by many in both the public and political spaces as being in 'crisis'. Prompting many of these attacks have been incidents or events - typically interpreted as 'controversies' - that have involved or centred on issues relating to Muslims or Islam. Having ramifications in the social, cultural or political spaces, many have seen these controversies as accentuating the 'problem' of Muslims and Islam. Focusing on a number of these 'crises' and 'controversies', this book seeks to to interrogate the theories of Islamophobia through the lens of a series of different 'crises and controversies' that have involved - or have been perceived as involving - Muslims or Islam. This book critically engages these 'crises and controversies' through the framework of the definitions, theories and concepts explored in the author's earlier book Islamophobia? (Ashgate, 2010). Allen's latest boo sets out to: better understand where, how and why the responses of both the right, left and centre of the European political spectrum are seemingly converging in views and attitudes towards Muslims and Islam; contribute additional knowledge to the still relatively under-researched yet extremely timely phenomenon of Islamophobia and anti-Muslim hatred; and consider how this links to and affects attitudes and expressions manifested in the public and social spaces. Employing a largely thematic approach, this book focuses on the linked impacts of a range of different controversies that have occurred at the local, national and regional levels. These include: Invasion and Islamification - Eurabia and the Islamic Invasion; Physical and Material - minarets and mosques; Culture and 'Our Way of Life' - between us and them; Values and Freedoms - veils, hijabs and niqabs; Speech and Offence - cartoons and caricatures; Terrorism and Threat - 'home-grown bombers' to exter

In many European states, multiculturalism has recently come under attack, being openly questioned by many in both the public and political spaces as being in ’crisis’. Prompting many of these attacks have been incidents or events - typically interpreted as ’controversies’ - that have involved or centred on issues relating to Muslims or Islam. Having ramifications in the social, cultural or political spaces, many have seen these controversies as accentuating the ’problem’ of Muslims and Islam. Focusing on a number of these ’crises’ and ’controversies’, this book seeks to interrogate the theories of Islamophobia through the lens of a series of different ’crises and controversies’ that have involved - or have been perceived as involving - Muslims or Islam.   This book critically engages these ’crises and controversies’ through the framework of the definitions, theories and concepts explored in the author’s earlier book Islamophobia (Ashgate, 2010). Allen’s latest book sets out to: better understand where, how and why the responses of both the right, left and centre of the European political spectrum are seemingly converging in views and attitudes towards Muslims and Islam; contribute additional knowledge to the still relatively under-researched yet extremely timely phenomenon of Islamophobia and anti-Muslim hatred; and consider how this links to and affects attitudes and expressions manifested in the public and social spaces. Employing a largely thematic approach, this book focuses on the linked impacts of a range of different controversies that have occurred at the local, national and regional levels. These include: Invasion and Islamification - Eurabia and the Islamic Invasion; Physical and Material - minarets and mosques; Culture and ’Our Way of Life’ - between us and them; Values and Freedoms - veils, hijabs and niqabs; Speech and Offence - cartoons and caricatures; Terrorism and Threat - ’home-grown bombers’ to externa

Crises & Controversies in Contemporary Europe

New Perspectives on Islamophobia

In Action, Thought, and Society

An Introduction to Collective Intentionality

This book provides an introduction to the cultural and intellectual exchanges and conflicts between Islam and Christianity since the seventh century. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the rich history of active cultural contact between Islam and Christianity in Europe and the Middle East, despite periods of conflict since the Arab Conquest of Byzantium. The book highlights the positive traditions of cultural and political partnership that resulted in the exchange of vital religious and philosophical ideas and values. Such partnerships not only introduced the Arabs to the great monuments of Greek philosophy, science and medicine, but also ensured the cultural recurrence of Greek culture, culminating in the Latin Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century.

This book provides an introduction to the cultural and intellectual exchanges and conflicts between Islam and Christianity since the seventh century. The purpose of this study is to illustrate the rich history of active cultural contact between Islam and Christianity in Europe and the Middle East, despite periods of conflict since the Arab Conquest of Byzantium. The book highlights the positive traditions of cultural and political partnership that resulted in the exchange of vital religious and philosophical ideas and values. Such partnerships not only introduced the Arabs to the great monuments of Greek philosophy, science and medicine, but also ensured the cultural recurrence of Greek culture, culminating in the Latin Renaissance of the fourteenth and fifteenth century.

Historical Encounter of Civilizations: Islam, Christianity and the West

Climate change-possibly the most pressing and difficult problem facing life on earth today-raises a series of questions that are fundamentally philosophical in nature. Some are: --Is skeptcism about climate change warranted? --Why does scientific consensus about global warming matter? --Who should pay-those who are causing the most damage or those who will bear the greatest burden-to mitigate the effects of climate change? Scientists and policy makers who grapple with these questions need the insights and contexts a philosophical analysis offers. And students and researchers in philosophy need to better know the scientific literature and political issues before offering ethical and philosophical commentary. With formal graduate training in the study of atmospheric science, a Ph.D. in philosophy, and a publication and teaching record that bridges the two areas, Wendy Parker adroitly addresses these and similar questions in, Understanding Climate Change: Science, Philosophy, and Policy. The book brings together a body of scattered research on these issues, but also breaks new ground, providing for a wide range of students and researchers a firmer footing on which to understand fully the scientific and policy issues related to climate change. The book is the first of its kind: a synoptic and coherent account-written for students and scholars in the humanities and the sciences--of the most salient philosophical issues related to our changing global climate.

Climate change—possibly the most pressing and difficult problem facing life on earth today—raises a series of questions that are fundamentally philosophical in nature. Some are: --Is skeptcism about climate change warranted? --Why does scientific consensus about global warming matter? --Who should pay—those who are causing the most damage or those who will bear the greatest burden—to mitigate the effects of climate change? Scientists and policy makers who grapple with these questions need the insights and contexts a philosophical analysis offers. And students and researchers in philosophy need to better know the scientific literature and political issues before offering ethical and philosophical commentary. With formal graduate training in the study of atmospheric science, a Ph.D. in philosophy, and a publication and teaching record that bridges the two areas, Wendy Parker adroitly addresses these and similar questions in, Understanding Climate Change: Science, Philosophy, and Policy. The book brings together a body of scattered research on these issues, but also breaks new ground, providing for a wide range of students and researchers a firmer footing on which to understand fully the scientific and policy issues related to climate change. The book is the first of its kind: a synoptic and coherent account—written for students and scholars in the humanities and the sciences--of the most salient philosophical issues related to our changing global climate.

Science, Ethics, and Policy

Understanding Climate Change

Schopenhauer - Arg Phil

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