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Seminar paper from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , language: English, abstract:

Yang Liu

Margin of Conservatism for Long-run Average Default Rate

Master's Thesis from the year 2020 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: Very Good, , course: MBA - FINANCE, language: English, abstract: The Ethiopian banking system is very much behind in the adoption of financial innovations compared to the rest of the world, however, the Ethiopian financial sector cannot remain an exception in expanding the use of the modern banking. The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of financial innovations on the profitability growth of commercial banks in Ethiopia.The specific objectives were to examine the effect of product innovation, bank specific factors and macro-economic factors on profitability growth in commercial banks. The study were used quantitative research, secondary data, and data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics and employed purposive sampling technique to select 12 banks for the study in the periods from 2016 to 2019. Multiple regression with the aid of STATA 14 software was used to examine in this study.

Abdihakeem Omer

The effect of financial innovations on profitability of commercial banks of Ethiopia

Master's Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1, , language: English, abstract: The purpose of this research is to forecast the following day's closing price for a specific share of a company in the stock market using the "Hidden Markov Model". In this paper, the "Hidden Markov Model" is used to predict some of the stocks of interconnected airline markets. The researchers have developed the "Hidden Markov Model" for forecasting time series. As a result of its ability to model dynamic systems, this model is widely used for therecognition of model and problem classifications. In this article, the researchers examined trends in the historical data set. They inserted the appropriate neighboring prices to the datasets and predicted the next day's exchange. Data collection was secondary. The secondary market was collected from Southwest Airlines for 1.5 years (approximately) from September 17, 2002, to December 16, 2004. The observations of the input data are continuous rather than discrete. The sample size is 4 airline firms (British Airlines, Delta Airlines, Southwest Airlines, and Ryanair Holdings Ltd.)The NIFTY IT index captures the performance of the Indian Information Technology (IT) companies. The NIFTY IT index consists of 10 companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). The IT sector in India has been recording tremendous growth over the years, where it accounts for a growth rate of 7.5 percent per annum. Time series analysis is a statistical tool that can be used in forecasting the prices of financial assets. In the current study, the NIFTY IT index was forecasted from past data collected over a 10 year period spanning from 2011 to 2020. An ARIMA model is fit and used to forecast the NIFTY IT index. Forecasted values were different from actual prices, suggesting that more influencing independent variables must be include, to improve the model accuracy.

Rajveer Rawlin

Dhanya ML

Forecasting India's NIFTY IT Index

Scientific Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , language: English, abstract: The information age is increasingly replacing the industrial age - this has greatly increased the importance of information for a successful and sustainable competitive advantage. This brings with it very far-reaching and complex challenges for companies.  On the one hand, very large amounts of data will have to be processed and, on the other hand, the question arises as to how these data are to be processed - the focus here is on the issue of digitising work processes in operational banking business (corporate and retail banking) and their effects on the real banking workplace. International information - also known as global information channels - is causing the economic significance of material value creation to decline - the immaterial significance of value creation is thus steadily increasing. For only the right information, which must be made available at all times and geared to the company/bank, will pose a challenge that can result in the creation of value in the work process in the respective areas of the bank.  This means that the intangible value added is transferred in the form of a transfer of data into so-called business information, thus leading to additional earnings. This business information must be exploited in and from electronic media in such a way that customer contacts can arise from it, information about it can be created and, for example, added value can be created for the bank customer as a service or for sale.  The Internet and digitalisation are unconditional electronic supports that are revolutionising the banking sector. So-called FinTechs, companies which, with technical innovations in the financial services sector, will fundamentally change banking transactions with customers - this is also happening with the demands on the workplaces of bank employees.  The FinTech sector (Financial Technology) is extremely innovative and has accordingly built up a dynamic and fast-moving environment. Digitalisation and the Internet with its social and business media have a significant role to play in the working environment of banks.

Maged Hassanien

An analysis in the digital  Banking sector with focus: Customer

Digitisation and its impact on business processes in the banking sector

Master's Thesis from the year 2023 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, Addis Ababa University (School of Commerce), course: Business Leadership, language: English, abstract: This research project was aimed to describe the challenge and opportunities of agent banking adoption in Ethiopian banking industry. In order to achieve the objective of this study and answer the research questions the researcher adopted descriptive research design and mixed research approach. A total of sixty-five (65) questionnaires were distributed of which 53 questionnaires were distributed to Awash Bank East Addis Ababa Region Staffs, Awash Bank Digital Banking Directorate at Head Office and 12 questionnaires were administered to Awash Bank Agents found in East Addis Ababa Region or District. Purposely sampled method was applied to select the respondents and the researcher received sixty-three (63) responses from (65) questionnaires.

Tesfaye Asalfew

Challenges and Opportunities of Agent Banking in Ethiopia. A Case Study of Awash Bank

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2022 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , course: Islamic Economics Banking and Finance, language: English, abstract: This study aims to examine the performance of the Islamic window in four Ethiopian conventional banks, the banks are chosen based on their financial statements which ranked this four higher than others with an Islamic Window in terms of their net profit. The four include Commercial Bank of Ethiopia, Cooperative Bank of Oromia, Bank of Abyssinia and Awash Bank. The government of Ethiopia permitted the interest free banking service in 2013 and fully fledged Islamic Banks in 2019. Between 2013 and 2019 ten commercial banks open Islamic window and operate side by side with other conventional services. The study of this paper therefore asses the growth of this Islamic window and performance based on deposits attracted, financing operated and investment overtaken. The study would aim to use descriptive analysis based on mainly report of the four banks chosen and also other relevant gathered sources.

Guyo Golicha Huqa

The Performance of Islamic Window in Ethiopian Conventional Banks that Operate an Interest Free Banking Service

Scientific Essay from the year 2018 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , language: English, abstract: This paper deals with cartels with a focus on the banking sector. This will be explained or examined using the case study of the Lombard Club (banking cartel in Austria around 1995). The second chapter uses industrial economics to provide the basis for understanding restric-tions of competition, as well as cartels, supplier concentration, barriers to entry and their effects on the market. In the third chapter, this market, which is imperfect because of betting restrictions, is exa-mined and analysed more specifically for the banking sector. Here the restrictive cooperation between banks and its effects on the market are described.The fourth chapter examines the Austrian situation in the 1990s (beginning of cartel forma-tions and cartel agreements (including the formation of the Lombard Club). Here the situation on the financial market in 1990 is analysed. Furthermore, statements are made on competition and market concentration. The theories developed previously are used as a basis for this.The fifth chapter focuses on the Lombard Club and its structures and facts about the cartel. It analyses the distortive measures of the so-called Club of Bankers in Austria in order to show how the measures have affected the Austrian banking market. The theoretical foundations previously elaborated will also serve as a basic understanding in this context.The sixth chapter provides a summary of this topic and a conclusion with an outlook on the cartel situation in Austria and the EU.

Banking cartels investigated using the Lombard Club case study

Bachelorarbeit aus dem Jahr 2021 im Fachbereich BWL - Investition und Finanzierung, Note: 1,0, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Die Zielsetzung dieser Arbeit ist die Evaluierung der Bedeutung des Volatilitätsindexes als Indikator für Handelsstrategien am amerikanischen Aktienmarkt. Im Fokus steht die Forschungsfrage, inwieweit durch den Einsatz des Volatilitätsindexes eine risikoadjustierte Mehrrendite gegenüber einer buy and hold Strategie erzielt werden kann.Zur umfassenden Einordnung werden zu Beginn die kapitalmarkttheoretischen Grundlagen erörtert, unter deren Bezugnahme die Ausgangspunkte des VIX als Quelle von Handelsstrategien beschrieben werden. Ziel der darauffolgenden Forschungsmethodik ist die Validierung des statistischen Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Volatilitätsindex und dem amerikanischen Aktienmarkt sowie die Entwicklung von Handelsstrategien mit unterschiedlichen Auslösern auf dem Fundament des Angstbarometers. Anhand der kennzahlenbasierten Empirie werden die Ergebnisse auf eine risikoadjustierte Mehrrendite im Vergleich zur Benchmark geprüft.Die statistische Analyse im Rahmen dieser Arbeit beweist eine deutlich negative Korrelation der Variablen, sowie gute Renditeprognosen bei dem Einsatz von VIX-Änderungsraten als Regressoren. Die anschließende Gesamtbetrachtung der Market Timing Varianten präsentiert eine Unerreichbarkeit reiner Mehrrenditen im Vergleich zum Markt. Die risikoadjustierte Auswertung hingegen bestätigt die statistischen Ergebnisse, indem die Erfolge der relativen VIX-Änderungsraten als Indikatoren einer Market Timing Strategie präsentiert werden. Daraus resultierend wird Investoren empfohlen ihren Fokus für erfolgreiche Anlageentscheidungen besser auf die Veränderungen des Volatilitätsindexes zu richten anstelle dessen absoluten Werten.

Hendrik Merschformann

Theoretische Einordnung und empirische Überprüfung

Die Volatilität als Indikator für Handelsstrategien am amerikanischen Aktienmarkt

Fachbuch aus dem Jahr 2022 im Fachbereich BWL - Offline-Marketing und Online-Marketing, Note: 1,7, , Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Um potenzielle Kunden zu ermutigen, den letzten Schritt zum Kauf zu tätigen, müssen einige Anpassungen der E-Commerce-Strategie unternommen werden. Dafür muss jedoch zuerst analysiert werden, aus welchen Gründen die Webseitenbesucher die Käufe nicht abschließen. Ziel dieser Fallstudie ist es, dies herauszufinden sowie die Kennzahlen zu einer Warenkorbanalyse zu erläutern, welche zur Untersuchung des Problems von CAMP-ING.com beisteuern. Um die Conversion Rate zu erhöhen, werden Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung des Online-Shops durchgegangen, um die Warenkorbabbrüche zu minimieren und in wiederkehrende Kunden zu verwandeln.Nicht alle Warenkorb-Klicks führen im Onlinehandel zu einem Kaufabschluss, dies ist ein alltägliches Phänomen. Es führt zu einem Warenkorbabbruch, sobald Artikel oder Dienstleistungen in den virtuellen Warenkorb gelegt werden, jedoch danach der Bestellvorgang nicht mit einer Bezahlung abgeschlossen wird. Laut einer Studie von Baymard Institute liegt die durchschnittliche Abbruchrate des Warenkorbs bei 69,82 Prozent.Dieses Phänomen spiegelt sich auch bei CAMP-ING.com wider. CAMP-ING.com ist ein deutscher Online-Händler, welcher Campingausrüstung wie Zelte, Schlafsäcke, Outdoor-Möbel, Küchenzubehör, Outdoor-Bekleidung und Rucksäcke bzw. Taschen verkauft. Der Online-Shop ist sehr erfolgreich, die Produktqualität ist hervorragend und die Kunden, die bei CAMP-ING.com einkaufen, sind sehr zufrieden. Trotz allem hat CAMP-ING.com festgestellt, dass die Umsätze im eigenen Online-Shop leicht zurücklaufen. Nach langen Untersuchungen hat der Business-Analyst des Unternehmens den Grund dafür herausgefunden. Auch bei CAMP-ING.com legen viele Seitenbesucher Produkte in den Warenkorb, ohne den Kauf abzuschließen und die Warenkorbabbruchsrate steigt weiter an.

Vermeidung von Warenkorbabbrüchen und Steigerung der Conversion Rate für einen Online-Shop

Bachelor Thesis from the year 2021 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: 1,3, University of Frankfurt (Main) (House of Finance), language: English, abstract: This thesis makes use of statistical methods such as the Pearson’s Chi-squared analysis to find significant deviations in the first significant digit distributions in the historical transaction record of selected regulated crypto exchanges compared to Benford’s Law. The analysis of trade size clustering behavior at key round numbers is used in order to detect possible signs of washtrading, followed by the volume spike analysis, where the correlation between the four exchanges in terms of rise and fall of their volume is carefully observed.Aloosh and Li (2019) and Lin et al. (2021) suggest a divergence between regulated and unregulated exchanges in regards to the washtrading activity, in the sense that most regulated exchanges seemed to confirm most statistical analysis while many unregulated crypto exchanges have shown signs of significant violations.Opposed to these findings, the focus will lie on regulated crypto exchanges only, for which partly abnormal patterns are in fact found, at least regarding the first significant digit distribution. Furthermore, the various regulatory frameworks for the selected exchanges are illustrated, consisting of Gemini, Bitstamp, Kraken and Zaif. The centre of attention will then shift to showing off possible incentives for the various parties to engage in washtrading in the first place. The thesis lays out how these activities distort exchange ratings and the connected metrics as well as aid in creating illegal schemes such as pump and dumps.

Philipp Zeyer

Crypto Washtrading. Empirical Evidence and Measures to Reduce Washtrading

Studienarbeit aus dem Jahr 2016 im Fachbereich VWL - Makroökonomie, allgemein, Note: 1,3, AKAD University, ehem. AKAD Fachhochschule Stuttgart, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, das Modell des Homo oeconomicus zu erläutern und auf die Kritik dieses Modells einzugehen. Dabei wird zunächst das Modell des Homo oeconomicus erläutert und der Bezug zum Konzept der vollständigen Rationalität hergestellt. Im Anschluss wird das reale Verhalten von Menschen im Hinblick auf den Homo oeconomicus untersucht. Dazu werden Experimente herangezogen, um zu analysieren, ob sich die Menschen tatsächlich nach diesem Muster verhalten. Zum Schluss werden noch mögliche alternative Konzepte erläutert.Um die komplexen Handlungsvorgänge des menschlichen Verhaltens in Bezug auf die marktwirtschaftlichen Tätigkeiten zu analysieren und zu verstehen, bedurfte es einer Modellierung der zentralen Verhaltensannahmen. Mit dem Modell des Homo oeconomicus, dem Nutzenmaximierer, der rational in Bezug auf seine eigne Zielfunktion handelt, entstand ein Instrument zum Betrachten und Analysieren des menschlichen Verhaltens. Damit kann sowohl das beobachtete Verhalten beschrieben werden als auch das Zu-künftige prognostiziert.

Artur Janke

Das Menschenbild des Homo oeconomicus. Kritik und Alternativen

Essay from the year 2022 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, grade: A, , course: Islamic banking, language: English, abstract: Green sukuk is a form of Islamic green finance  that helps in mobilisation of funds for  green projects. Like conventional sukuk, green sukuk is an asset-based security based on sharia laws and is used mostly in Muslim majority countries to mobilise finances for infrastructure and large-scale developments (Sekuriti, 2019). It is a low-risk, guaranteed return for the investor. These programs provide solutions in areas where financial inclusion is low, as they minimise risk. For instance, they help governments and local authorities to implement sustainable projects or projects aimed at combating climate change such as renewable energy and waste management projects. The use of Sukuk also reduces debt levels by promoting economic security and equality. According to Ng (2015), Sukuk can be restructured to help in the attainment of sustainable development goals by integrating contemporary innovations in financial technology. Consistent with this argument, the OECD (2020) proposed the introduction of the incentive-compatible Sukuk masharakah model in the development of green bonds.

Mourine Atsien

Islamic Green Bonds. Islamic Green Markets (Green Sukuk)

Master's Thesis from the year 2023 in the subject Business economics - Banking, Stock Exchanges, Insurance, Accounting, , language: English, abstract: The main objective of this study was to examine the determinants of non-performing loans in the case of the Development Bank of Ethiopia, Bahir Dar District. Descriptive and explanatory research designs were employed. The study uses both a quantitative and qualitative research approach. The study also uses both primary and secondary data sources. The primary source was collected from all 125 employees using questionnaires and interviews conducted with concerned managerial staffs of the district. The secondary source was gathered from DBE manuals, policy and procedure of the bank, NBE directives, bank's T-24 system, loan positions and provisions documents. The data was analyzed and interpreted by using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of SPSS version 22.0 and qualitative analysis like interview and document analysis. The correlation between independent variables (bank specific and External factor) and dependent variables (nonperforming loan) were tested by using person correlation and the casual relation was analyzed by using linear multiple regression analysis. The finding of the study indicate that credit assessment, project monitoring, credit appraisal, bank top management, political and social instability, availability of infrastructure, collateral strength and market factor are significant factors for occurrence of non-performing loans. However, credit term and condition and lending interest rate are insignificant factor for the occurrence of non-performing loans. Finally, the study recommends the district should perform proper selection of customers and make appropriate due diligence based on KYC assessments, proper monitoring and follow up as per the schedule, make accurate credit appraisal, granting loans via strong collateral coverage, sound decision made by top management based on policy and procedure of the bank, improve capacity of credit performer by providing relevant training.

Assessing Non-Performing Loans in the Development Bank of Ethiopia, Bahir Dar District. An Analysis of Determinants Using Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches

Margin of Conservatism for Long-run Average Default Rate

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