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Political Science and International Studies (R0)

Marie von Engelhardt

International Development Organizations and Fragile States

Law and Disorder

&lt;p&gt;Chapter 1. Introduction: Fragile states as a phenomenon beyond law.- Chapter 2. Fragile States – The Discrepancy between Empirical and Juridical Statehood.- Chapter 3. Development Cooperation with Fragile States – From Discourse to Action.- Chapter 4. The Law of Development Cooperation – Interlude on the Nature of Rules and Substance of Analysis.- Chapter 5. The World Bank’s Rules for Engaging with Fragile States.- Chapter 6. A Comparison with the African Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank, and the European Union.- Chapter 7. Formalizing Fragile States? Of Emerging Patterns and the Potentials and Perils of Regulation.- Chapter 8. Conclusion: Beyond the field of development cooperation.&lt;/p&gt;

Routledge Perspectives on Development

First Published in 2010. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor &amp; Francis, an informa company.

Since colonial times, the developing world has served as a ‘resource hinterland’ for the global capitalist system. In recent years, this relationship has again returned to centre stage. Across the globe, a broad range of natural resources are being drawn into market-led modes of environmental governance. Pressures on natural resources in the developing world have become especially acute as escalating mineral and energy demands from the so-called BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China), and the continuing US quest for non-Islamic oil and strategic minerals have made Third World resources increasingly significant in global markets. Such a geopolitical shift in global resource interests would suggest that there is an urgent need to reconsider the impacts of ‘neo-colonial’ transnational practices in the context of natural resource-extraction industries. As local issues become linked to global political and economic forces, a ‘second scramble’ for natural resources in Africa, Asia and Latin America, initiated by powerful transnational corporations (TNCs) and other actors, threatens to undermine country policies for sustainable resource extraction, and sustainable development more broadly.This timely text will introduce readers to the key issues surrounding reform and expansion of the extractive industries in developing countries, highlighting the consequences of recent developments in the sector to development in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Material will draw on a variety of case studies from across the developing world, focusing on both large-scale and small-scale resource extraction. In addition to providing a comprehensive critique of neo-liberal agendas, and more specifically, the role of the World Bank and multinational mining corporations in developing countries, the book will engage with a number of debates that have recently transpired around such key issues as the role of mineral resources in perpetuating civil violence, the ‘scramble’ for Third World oil, the need for ‘good governance’ and corporate social responsibility, and the rise of artisanal mining as an alternative livelihood.In an era where neo-liberal principles have become the dominant ideology propelling the extension of markets and the use and regulation of natural resources in the developing world, this text fills the pressing need for a synthesis that can draw together a range of complex, but inter-related issues. By exploring contemporary theoretical debates, examining current policies, and drawing on the author’s extensive field-based research, this book will shed new light on environment-development questions raised within the extractive industries.

Natural Resource Extraction and Development

This volume, Climate Change and Children's Rights in Zimbabwe: Toward Social Policy-Based Interventions, provides a comprehensive examination of the intersection between climate change and children's rights in Zimbabwe, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable nations. It brings together diverse perspectives from sociology, law, development studies, anthropology, economics, and environmental sciences to challenge conventional approaches that treat children as passive victims of climate impacts. The book interrogates climate vulnerability through multiple dimensions, from legal frameworks and theoretical foundations to sectoral impacts and innovative adaptation strategies, showcasing transformative pathways for child-centred climate action that recognises children as rights-holders and active agents of change.\
The book outlines critical aspects and issues that must be understood and addressed to protect and advance children's rights in the face of accelerating environmental change. Attention is given to both persistent structural inequalities and innovative opportunities for building resilience through rights-based, gender-transformative, and community-grounded approaches. Through case studies spanning diverse districts, including Lupane, Bikita, Mbire, Chivi, Mashonaland Central, Gutu, Goromonzi, Zvimba, and others, it highlights how climate impacts manifest differently across Zimbabwe's varied ecological and socio-economic landscapes, affecting children's health, education, nutrition, protection, and overall well-being. It provides foundational perspectives into climate justice imperatives, multispecies justice frameworks, legal and policy gaps, and opportunities for transformative social policy that centres children's agency and Indigenous knowledge systems. The book is of interest to researchers, climate justice scholars, child rights advocates, development practitioners, humanitarian organisations, and policymakers committed to implementing more effective, equitable, and contextually appropriate climate responses that place children's rights at the centre of all climate action across Zimbabwe and the broader African continent.
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This volume, 
 Climate Change and Children's Rights in Zimbabwe: Toward Social Policy-Based Interventions, 
 provides a comprehensive examination of the intersection between climate change and children's rights in Zimbabwe, one of the world's most climate-vulnerable nations. It brings together diverse perspectives from sociology, law, development studies, anthropology, economics, and environmental sciences to challenge conventional approaches that treat children as passive victims of climate impacts. The book interrogates climate vulnerability through multiple dimensions, from legal frameworks and theoretical foundations to sectoral impacts and innovative adaptation strategies, showcasing transformative pathways for child-centred climate action that recognises children as rights-holders and active agents of change. The book outlines critical aspects and issues that must be understood and addressed to protect and advance children's rights in the face of accelerating environmental change. Attention is given to both persistent structural inequalities and innovative opportunities for building resilience through rights-based, gender-transformative, and community-grounded approaches. Through case studies spanning diverse districts, including Lupane, Bikita, Mbire, Chivi, Mashonaland Central, Gutu, Goromonzi, Zvimba, and others, it highlights how climate impacts manifest differently across Zimbabwe's varied ecological and socio-economic landscapes, affecting children's health, education, nutrition, protection, and overall well-being. It provides foundational perspectives into climate justice imperatives, multispecies justice frameworks, legal and policy gaps, and opportunities for transformative social policy that centres children's agency and Indigenous knowledge systems. The book is of interest to researchers, climate justice scholars, child rights advocates, development practitioners, humanitarian organisations, and policymakers committed to implementing more effective, equitable, and contextually appropriate climate responses that place children's rights at the centre of all climate action across Zimbabwe and the broader African continent.&nbsp;

Toward Social Policy-Based Interventions

Climate Change and Children's Rights in Zimbabwe

There are many ideas about how the world should change to improve the lot of large portions of the population and many individuals, groups and organisations who are trying to put those ideas into practice. Development: The Basics is an absorbing introduction to those policies, practices and players in human development and addresses key questions including: Is development simply about alleviating poverty? Do development ideas work best at the global or local level? How can we achieve the goal of sustainable development? Do the outcomes always match the intentions?Featuring examples drawn from around the world, a glossary, timelines and suggestions for further reading this book is the ideal starting point for those new to the study of development.

There are many ideas about how the world should change to improve the lot of large portions of the population and many individuals, groups and organisations who are trying to put those ideas into practice. Development: The Basics is an absorbing introduction to those policies, practices and players in human development and addresses key questions including:<ul> <li>Is development simply about alleviating poverty?</li> <li>Do development ideas work best at the global or local level?</li> <li>How can we achieve the goal of sustainable development?</li> <li>Do the outcomes always match the intentions?</li> </ul>Featuring examples drawn from around the world, a glossary, timelines and suggestions for further reading this book is the ideal starting point for those new to the study of development.

Development: The Basics

The dominant discourse views the Indian economy's transformation over several decades as a progression towards a grand, unified, and dynamic market economy. Critiquing this discourse, The Nonfarm Economy illustrates the prevalence and intensification of 'structural dualism'. Using both theoretical and empirical perspectives, Bhattacharjee, Chakrabarti, and Rajeev analyse the origins of this persistence and the deepening of a dualistic developmental pattern. By studying the Indian rural economy and parts of the rural Global South, they demonstrate how the contemporary capital-centric growth process itself has induced the intensification of dualism, alongside factors such as population growth and land fragmentation. Only a limited segment of the impoverished population can integrate with the expanding circuits of capital using their skills, resources, and networks; a large mass of people is thus pushed towards dispossession and exclusion. The book further examines the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on this development pattern, demonstrating how it has intensified the phenomenon of structural dualism. Contrary to the current prescriptions fixated on formal sector growth and policies extending government support, the authors posit a labour-focused (cluster-based) development model and offer constructive policy recommendations for achieving inclusive growth.

Continuity and Change in Rural India

The Nonfarm Economy

This book summarizes the history, system, and current situation of microfinance in Cambodia, examining how microfinance institutions have evolved from the 1990s to the present day. It then looks at the remaining challenges for financial inclusion, and the future directions for microfinance institutions in the country.The book begins with an overview of the microfinance sector in Cambodia, covering key events, the regulatory framework, and key stakeholders. It evaluates the role of microfinance institutions in poverty reduction, as well as the current state of financial literacy amongst microfinance borrowers. Reviewing key policies such as the 2017 interest rate ceiling imposed by the National Bank of Cambodia, as well as government measures and programmes aimed at improving household financial literacy and protecting borrowers, the book provides readers with evidence-based insights into current developments and prospects in Cambodia's microfinance sector. The role and impact of FinTech on Cambodia's microfinance sector is also explored.Providing a comprehensive picture of the reality of microfinance in Cambodia, this book will interest students, researchers, and policymakers concerned with economic development in Southeast Asia.

Development, Role, and Prospects

Microfinance in Cambodia

CRESC

Shanghai actively uses culture to promote itself as a global city. This book explores how this has been conceived and pursued, and what questions it raises for notions of 'culture' and 'economy' as understood in the West. If theoretical work around the 'cultural economy' has problematized these two, this book locates these debates empirically in a non-western metropolis.

Shanghai actively uses culture to promote itself as a global city. This book explores how this has been conceived and pursued, and what questions it raises for notions of ‘culture’ and ‘economy’ as understood in the West. If theoretical work around the ‘cultural economy’ has problematized these two, this book locates these debates empirically in a non-western metropolis.

Red Creative: Culture and Modernity in China

Palgrave Insights into Apocalypse Economics

This book reassesses classic Marxist theories of finance capital and uneven development in the context of the present intensified process of financialization and the accentuation of combined and accelerating uneven development. In particular, the work of Hilferding and Luxemburg is discussed and re-framed in light of both the contributions of Marx and more recent engagements by David Harvey and Neil Smith. The book explores the case of South Africa in particular in light of the combination of a rapidly financializing yet crisis-ridden South African political economy on the one hand and intensifying social inequality and political conflict on the other.&nbsp;It explores a series of strategies and possibilities that might open up trajectories for change and transformation with particular attention paid to the promises and constraints of the de-growth movement and intersectional class struggle, which will appeal to political economists, researchers, and students alongside those studying South Africa specifically. Patrick Bond is a political economist and professor at the University of Johannesburg, South Africa. He spent more than two decades teaching at the Wits University School of Governance in Johannesburg and the University of KwaZulu-Natal Centre for Civil Society in Durban. During the late 1980s he pursued doctoral studies in economic geography at Johns Hopkins University, while learning politics in the anti-apartheid, labour, student and community movements. In 1994 and 1996, he worked in the Reconstruction and Development Ministry in President Nelson Mandela’s office, drafting the democratic government’s first White Paper and a dozen other major policy documents. He appears more than 100 times a year on South African and international broadcast media, and usually gives more than 50 guest lectures annually.

Financial Volatility, Deep Capitalist Crisis and Super-Exploitation in South Africa and the World

Extreme Uneven Development

Routledge Studies in Health in Africa

Over the past 30 years, an ever-expanding community of global health actors have been intervening in the poorest parts of the world with the aim of combatting disease and improving health outcomes. While many global health programmes in the Global South have been successful in saving lives, their successes have often been compromised by poor coordination, inefficiency and a lack of alignment with national priorities.This book outlines the deep historical and political dimensions of this fragmentation, using rural Zambia as a case study. In the name of global health, different actors produce and circulate radically different stories about how to improve health. These narratives not only contribute to a fragmented landscape of health provision but also create more subtle and pervasive forms of fragmentation in the everyday lives of health workers, patients and government officials. Based on long-term ethnographic fieldwork in rural Zambia, this book examines three different global health interventions driven by differing stories of salvation, community and experimentation. Tracing the longer history of these stories, the book shows how they have failed to account for the realities of life in rural Zambia.Providing an innovative and nuanced analysis of global health that challenges the idea of fragmentation as simply a technical problem, this book will be an important read for researchers of global health and African studies.

Saviourism, Community, and Experimentation in Zambia

Global Health in Fragments

Sustainable Development Goals Series

This book is open access, What makes people competent at work? This question is becoming complicated with the emergence of new technologies and the hastened pace of global economic exchanges. While there is less consensus about what people should know and be able to do to be rewarded in the workplace, the discussion about skills and competencies becomes even hotter among those who express concern about the gaps between the demands and supplies of "skilled" workforces.
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Given this situation, one of the main objectives of this book is to clarify the true nature of often-discussed "skills gaps", using the cases of manufacturing workers in the Global South. Instead of discussing the issues based on a broad, ambiguous understanding of human abilities, after an extensive, cross-disciplinary review of the literature and theorization, the book proposes a detailed classification of cognitive, non-cognitive (including socio-emotional skills and personality traits), and technical abilities. Then, it presents both contextually relevant and generalizable explanations about relationships among them. By doing so, the volume offers insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking ideas to reform their human resources development policies and practices.
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The second objective of the volume is to propose the analytical perspective of Realist-Constructivism, using the "skills gaps" analysis as the empirical case, to demonstrate its theoretical, conceptual, and practical capacities to overcome the dichotomy between induction and deduction through abductive reasoning with a set of instruments to collect data that enable such analysis.
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Empirical surveys, using a set of questionnaires and skills assessment we developed, were conducted in four countries in the Global South: Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, and Pakistan. With Realist-Constructivism, we can consider work-related competencies in close relation to the specific workplace requirements and culture, while situating them within broader industrial, economic, and regulatory frameworks. Our methods and instruments enable us to link the subjective epistemologies of competencies among individuals in the micro-ecologies of the workplace with the ontological realities of labor market opportunities and evaluations.

This book is open access, What makes people competent at work? This question is becoming complicated with the emergence of new technologies and the hastened pace of global economic exchanges. While there is less consensus about what people should know and be able to do to be rewarded in the workplace, the discussion about skills and competencies becomes even hotter among those who express concern about the gaps between the demands and supplies of "skilled" workforces.&nbsp;Given this situation, one of the main objectives of this book is to clarify the true nature of often-discussed "skills gaps", using the cases of manufacturing workers in the Global South. Instead of discussing the issues based on a broad, ambiguous understanding of human abilities, after an extensive, cross-disciplinary review of the literature and theorization, the book proposes a detailed classification of cognitive, non-cognitive (including socio-emotional skills and personality traits), and technical abilities. Then, it presents both contextually relevant and generalizable explanations about relationships among them. By doing so, the volume offers insights for policymakers and practitioners seeking ideas to reform their human resources development policies and practices.&nbsp;The second objective of the volume is to propose the analytical perspective of Realist-Constructivism, using the "skills gaps" analysis as the empirical case, to demonstrate its theoretical, conceptual, and practical capacities to overcome the dichotomy between induction and deduction through abductive reasoning with a set of instruments to collect data that enable such analysis.&nbsp;Empirical surveys, using a set of questionnaires and skills assessment we developed, were conducted in four countries in the Global South: Ethiopia, Ghana, South Africa, and Pakistan. With Realist-Constructivism, we can consider work-related competencies in close relation to the specific workplace requirements and culture, while situating them within broader industrial, economic, and regulatory frameworks. Our methods and instruments enable us to link the subjective epistemologies of competencies among individuals in the micro-ecologies of the workplace with the ontological realities of labor market opportunities and evaluations.

A Realist-Constructivism Analysis of Work Competencies in the Global South

Mitigating the “Skills Gaps”

Sustainability has become a highly important policy framework for tourism, and the ideals of sustainable development are guiding tourism developers in their planning thinking. This book provides a thorough overview of the key discussions that are focusing on setting the limits to growth in tourism development in local-global nexus. The key focus is on sustainable tourism with a further aim to rethink critically the idea of sustainability in tourism and its relations to carrying capacity, responsibility and other potential frameworks. International and case studies and examples are integrated throughout. This is essential reading for Tourism students.

Identifying the Limits to Growth in Tourism Development

Governing Tourism for Sustainability

Regions and Cities

Throughout the twentieth century, planning and planners were central to our understanding of cities and regions. Today, however, planning is facing powerful challenges - professionally, intellectually, practically - in ways arguably not seen before. Recent developments and trends are raising fundamental questions about how we plan regions. Planning is no longer solely the domain of professional planners but has been opened up to a diverse group of actors, each with their own interests. The study of cities and regions was traditionally taught in planning schools and geography departments, but this link with place and space disciplines is being steadily eroded as research increasingly takes place in and through interdisciplinary research institutes.Against this backdrop, Regions in Evolution provides the first comprehensive account of a hitherto untold history of regions and planning. Told through the unique lens of regional studies, the authors bring to light the role of key individuals, groups and disciplines in shaping research agendas and debate. It reveals voices which were marginalised, planning ideas which were lost, approaches that keep coming back and challenges that persist. Believing passionately in the values and purpose of regional planning, while sceptical of the one-size-fits-all institutional form that Regional Planning often adopts, the authors develop an argument for planning regional futures based on a multitude of approaches, methods and strategies that might still require someone to make sense of it all.

A History of Regional Planning

Regions in Evolution

Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems

This volume would prove to be a beneficial textbook option for economics faculties wishing to offer a PhD level course on quantitative developmental economics or applied economics. This reference volume offers a gentle introduction to various state-of-the-art mathematical and econometric modelling techniques with detailed applications. Each chapter, written by experienced scholars, describe a particular quantitative method for economic modelling and policy analysis. The chapters not only cover the theoretical foundations in a student-friendly language but also provide step-by-step guide to computational aspects. Real-world applications, given in each chapter, focus on the socio-economic conditions and well-being of people in the developing economies and middle-income countries.

Quantitative Methods for Applied Development Economics and Policy Analysis

International Development Organizations and Fragile States

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