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McMillen M: Frederick Fraley, Schuylkill
Navigation to Philadelphia Plan

Frederick Fraley, Schuylkill Navigation to Philadelphia Plan

After the Panic of 1837, the Locks &amp; Canals machine shop had little work; it was to be sold or converted to a twist mill. The L&amp;C treasurer, Patrick Tracy Jackson, strove to keep the shop busy pending sale or conversion. An 1841 plea to Jackson from Elihu Chauncey, president of the Philadelphia &amp; Reading railroad, seemed salvation. Despite incomplete infrastructure, the P&amp;R would begin operating in 1842. It urgently needed coal cars and locomotives to carry anthracite from Pennsylvania fields to Philadelphia. But its financial situation was dire, its debt in default, its assets being seized by sheriffs. It struggled to borrow. Its bridges suffered arson; its trains were derailed. Statutory completion deadlines loomed. Despite the risks, L&amp;C built P&amp;R cars and engines.There were conditions to award of the teased building contracts. Chauncey wanted L&amp;C to make loans to the P&amp;R. L&amp;C had no interest in lending. Jackson sought P&amp;R equity enabling participation in two infant industries: railroads and coal. Chauncey concocted a surreptitious scheme to acquire P&amp;R stock from the Bank of the United States for sale to L&amp;C, thereby diminishing the bank's power over the P&amp;R.Nine months later, the P&amp;R and L&amp;C entered into the 1842 Running Gear Contract for running gear for wood jimmies. Developing a financial structure for the locomotives transaction consumed a year: the Engines Contract for locomotives and coal cars was signed in 1843. For the contracts, Jackson developed unique financial structures to protect L&amp;C, as builder and financier, while allowing P&amp;R use of the equipment for revenue generation. How could L&amp;C sell equipment to, and ensure receipt and retention of payments from, an insolvent railroad (the P&amp;R) that had not yet, or had only recently, commenced operations, during a severe economic depression or other adverse financial circumstances?The transaction went badly. Neither Jackson nor the P&amp;R anticipated new iron coal cars or Baldwin's flexible beam truck: they rendered small L&amp;C engines inadequate. Builders of large engines were paid; L&amp;C received little. Payment defaults were continuous (for years), diminishing L&amp;C's ability to sell the machine shop.This is a story of desperation, debt, and default: of balancing on the brink of bankruptcy. Jackson began with payment admonitions, eventually including favonian, then whetted, threats of resort to legal remedies. L&amp;C acquired P&amp;R stock and bonds and aligned with P&amp;R stockholders and bond holders. His focus expanded beyond the equipment debt to the P&amp;R's financial health, especially elimination of floating debt. In 1845, L&amp;C and P&amp;R bond holders initiated one of the first audits of managerial custodianship in U.S. corporate history. A Pennsylvania law was enacted allowing bond holders voting rights on a parity with stockholders.When further efforts at suasion and blandishment failed, Jackson sought legal advice from the eminent Philadelphia lawyer Horace Binney. Binney and Jackson developed an elegant four-step plan to take control of the trusts and debt under the Rolling Stock Contracts and neutralize the P&amp;R. The plan derived from contract terms, threats of legal remedies (including personal liability for trustees), and extra-legal mechanisms. Within two months, L&amp;C took control of the remedies relating to the P&amp;R debt from the trustees, neutralized the P&amp;R, and forced a P&amp;R financial restructuring. Its value enhanced, L&amp;C rid itself of the P&amp;R debt. But more was needed.

Patrick Tracy Jackson, Philadelphia & Reading

'Combines brilliant storytelling with rich and deeply researched evidence . . . essential reading for anyone seeking a global history that reexamines the past on a massive scale' - Caroline Elkins, Pulitzer Prize-winning author of Imperial Reckoning and Legacy of Violence 'Synoptic in its reach, overwhelming in its detail, The Killing Age leaves one feeling like Jonathan Swift's Gulliver, who came to prefer the company of peaceable horses to membership of humankind' - J. M. Coetzee, Nobel Prize-winning author of Disgrace -------------------- A bold, trailblazing history that asks: what if the movements that built the modern world - the Enlightenment, democracy, the Industrial Revolution - were more catastrophic than we ever imagined? In this radical rethinking of modernity, Professor Clifton Crais argues that the era between 1750 and the early 1900s - seen by many as the birth of the Anthropocene - should instead be known as the Mortecene: the Age of Killing. Killing brought the world together and tore it apart, as violence and commerce converged to create a new and terrible world order that drove the growth of global capitalism. Profiteering warlords left a trail of devastation across Africa, Asia, and the Americas, committing mass-scale slaughter of humans and animals, and sparking an environmental crisis that remains the most pressing threat facing the world today. Drawing on decades of scholarship and a range of new sources, The Killing Age turns our vision of past and present on its head, illuminating the Mortecene in all its horror: how it has shaped who we are, what we value, what we fear, and the precarious planet we must now confront. 'Crais obliges us to confront the naked reality of a modern world order spawned from the barrel of a gun . . . This is a courageous and highly readable work' - David Wengrow, co-author of The Dawn of Everything

How Violence Made the Modern World

The Killing Age

A gripping, “rollicking” (John Carreyrou, New York Times bestselling author of Bad Blood) biography of Jay Gould, the greatest of the 19th-century robber barons, whose brilliance, greed, and bare-knuckled tactics made him richer than Rockefeller and led Wall Street to institute its first financial reforms. Had Jay Gould put his name on a university or concert hall, he would undoubtedly have been a household name today. The son of a poor farmer whose early life was marked by tragedy, Gould saw money as the means to give his family a better life…even if, to do so, he had to pull a fast one on everyone else. After entering Wall Street at the age of twenty-four, he quickly became notorious when he paralyzed the economy and nearly toppled President Ulysses S. Grant in the Black Friday market collapse of 1869 in an attempt to corner the market on gold—an event that remains among the darkest days in Wall Street history. Through clever financial maneuvers, he gained control over one of every six miles of the country’s rapidly expanding network for railroad tracks—coming close to creating the first truly transcontinental railroad and making himself one of the richest men in America. American Rascal shows Gould’s complex, quirky character. He was at once praised for his brilliance by Rockefeller and Vanderbilt and condemned for forever destroying American business values by Mark Twain. He lived a colorful life, trading jokes with Thomas Edison, figuring Thomas Nast’s best sketches, paying Boss Tweed’s bail, and commuting to work in a 200-foot yacht. Gould thrived in an expanding, industrial economy in which authorities tolerated inside trading and stock price manipulation because they believed regulation would stifle the progress. But by taking these practices to new levels, Gould showed how unbridled capitalism was, in fact, dangerous for the American economy. This “gripping biography” (Fortune) explores how Gould’s audacious exploitation of economic freedom triggered the first public demands for financial reforms—a call that still resonates today.

A gripping, “rollicking” (John Carreyrou,&nbsp;New York Times&nbsp;bestselling author of&nbsp;Bad Blood) biography of Jay Gould, the greatest of the 19th-century robber barons, whose brilliance, greed, and bare-knuckled tactics made him richer than Rockefeller and led Wall Street to institute its first financial reforms. Had Jay Gould put his name on a university or concert hall, he would undoubtedly have been a household name today. The son of a poor farmer whose early life was marked by tragedy, Gould saw money as the means to give his family a better life…even if, to do so, he had to pull a fast one on everyone else. After entering Wall Street at the age of twenty-four, he quickly became notorious when he paralyzed the economy and nearly toppled President Ulysses S. Grant in the Black Friday market collapse of 1869 in an attempt to corner the market on gold—an event that remains among the darkest days in Wall Street history. Through clever financial maneuvers, he gained control over one of every six miles of the country’s rapidly expanding network for railroad tracks—coming close to creating the first truly transcontinental railroad and making himself one of the richest men in America. American Rascal&nbsp;shows Gould’s complex, quirky character. He was at once praised for his brilliance by Rockefeller and Vanderbilt and condemned for forever destroying American business values by Mark Twain. He lived a colorful life, trading jokes with Thomas Edison, figuring Thomas Nast’s best sketches, paying Boss Tweed’s bail, and commuting to work in a 200-foot yacht. Gould thrived in an expanding, industrial economy in which authorities tolerated inside trading and stock price manipulation because they believed regulation would stifle the progress. But by taking these practices to new levels, Gould showed how unbridled capitalism was, in fact, dangerous for the American economy. This “gripping biography” (Fortune) explores how Gould’s audacious exploitation of economic freedom triggered the first public demands for financial reforms—a call that still resonates today.

How Jay Gould Built Wall Street's Biggest Fortune

American Rascal

From an acclaimed financial historian comes the first ever biography of Jay Gould, the greatest of the 19th century robber barons, whose brilliance, greed, and bare-knuckled tactics made him richer than Rockefeller and led Wall Street to rethink its free-for-all culture and institute its first financial reforms.

From an acclaimed financial historian comes the first ever biography of Jay Gould, the greatest of the 19th century robber barons, whose brilliance, greed, and bare-knuckled tactics made him richer than Rockefeller and led Wall Street to rethink its free-for-all culture and institute its first financial reforms.

&lt;b&gt;Explore history's titans of finance, and their lasting global impact&lt;/b&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Heroes and Villains of Finance&lt;/i&gt; is a fascinating dive into the history of money as an institution, highlighting the fifty most significant figures that, rightly or wrongly, are responsible for the financial landscape we live in today. From philosophers and bankers to fraudsters and academics, this book provides a striking introduction to the most remarkable characters in the history of finance. Their impact reaches far beyond the financial system itself, and has helped shape the course of human history. The economic systems of today would look very differently if it weren't for these innovators, thought leaders, storytellers, and rebels, and this captivating examination takes you inside their stories to understand their thinking, their background, their perspective, and their inspiration.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;People both inside and outside the world of finance are perpetually curious about the larger-than-life characters who built, shaped, and continue to populate the industry. Their actions, both positive and negative, are responsible for what we understand as finance today. This book provides a glimpse into the events and motivations that contributed to the industry's evolution.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Learn how the Knights Templar became the first banking institution&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Examine the Rothschild family's pioneering use of financial instruments in order to safeguard their wealth from distrusting European monarchs&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Study the origins and evolution of the Ponzi scheme&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Realise how Reaganomics still affects the U.S. economy today&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;The finance industry is always in the public eye, and it's one of the few places where the actions of a few — or even a single person — can ripple throughout large populations. &lt;i&gt;Heroes and Villains of Finance&lt;/i&gt; gives you a closer look at the biggest names that had the biggest impact, for better or worse.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"This book is a marvellous introduction to a gallery of fascinating figures from the world of Big Money. The author has chosen a brilliant collection of crooks, entrepreneurs, philosophers, economists and bankers. These highly readable short lives provide an excellent education to any reader who wants to understand the personalities who shaped today's world of investment"&lt;br /&gt;—&lt;b&gt;Luke Johnson&lt;/b&gt;, Chairman of Risk Capital Partners, former chairman of Pizza Express and Channel 4 Television, Financial Times columnist and author of &lt;i&gt;Start It Up&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"&lt;i&gt;Heroes and Villains of Finance&lt;/i&gt; provides a fascinating and insightful guide to the personalities and developments that have transformed finance and continue to do so. Anyone trying to understand where finance is now, how it got there and where it might go should read this book" &lt;br /&gt;—&lt;b&gt;Dr Stephen Davies&lt;/b&gt;, Institute of Economic Affairs  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"An exciting, informative ride through the big ideas and even bigger personalities that have shaped the world of finance." &lt;br /&gt;—&lt;b&gt;Sam Bowman&lt;/b&gt;, The Adam Smith Institute  &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;"This delightful book provides a punchy reminder that, whilst we should rightly celebrate the longevity of the vision of the heroes of finance like Adam Smith, the potential downsides of financial innovation have always been with us which we are inclined to forget"&lt;br /&gt;—&lt;b&gt;Professor Mike Wright&lt;/b&gt;, Professor of Entrepreneurship at Imperial College London and ranked #1 worldwide for publications in academic entrepreneurship&lt;/p&gt;

Adam Baldwin

The 50 Most Colourful Characters in The History of Finance

Heroes and Villains of Finance

&lt;b&gt;The compiled works of the man behind the evolution of quantitative finance&lt;/b&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Finance, Economics, and Mathematics&lt;/i&gt; is the complete Vasicek reference work, including published and unpublished work and interviews with the man himself. The name Oldrich A. Vasicek is synonymous with cutting-edge research in the finance fields, and this book comes straight from the source to bring you the undiluted mother lode of quant wisdom from one of the founders of the field. From his early work in yield curve dynamics, to the mean-reverting short-rate model, to his thoughts on derivatives pricing, to his work on credit risk, to his most recent research on the economics of interest rates, this book represents the life's work of an industry leader. Going beyond the papers, you'll also find the more personal side inspirational as Vasicek talks about the academics and professionals who made lasting impressions and collaborated, debated, and ultimately helped spawn some of his greatest thinking. &lt;p&gt;Oldrich Vasicek has won virtually every important award and prize for his groundbreaking research in quantitative finance. You've followed his work for years; this book puts it all in a single volume to give you the definitive reference you'll turn to again and again. &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Explore Vasicek's insights on topics he helped create&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Discover his research and ideas that have gone unpublished—until now&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Understand yield curves and the Vasicek model from the source himself&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Gain a reference collection of some of the most influential work in quantitative finance&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;Vasicek's research is the foundation of one of the most important innovations in finance. Quants around the world have been influenced by his ideas, and his status as thought leader is cemented in the annals of finance history. &lt;i&gt;Finance, Economics, and Mathematics&lt;/i&gt; is the definitive Vasicek reference every finance professional needs.

Oldrich A. Vasicek

Robert C. Merton

Finance, Economics, and Mathematics

Wiley Finance

&lt;b&gt;Applying the Lessons of History to Understanding Fraud Today and Tomorrow&lt;/b&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;Financial Stability&lt;/i&gt; provides a roadmap by which the world can anticipate and avoid future financial disruptions. This unique discussion of past and present financial events offers new insights that explain economic, political, and legal antecedents of financial crises in Western markets. With a detailed discussion of the history of finance, this book shows modern investors and finance professionals how to learn from past successes and failures to gauge future market threats.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Readers will gain new insight into the antecedents of todays financial markets and the political economy that surrounds them. Armed with this knowledge, they will be able to craft a strategy that steers away from financial disorder and toward maximum stability. Coverage includes discussion of capital, forecasting, and political reaction, and past, present, and future applications within all realms of business. The companion website offers additional data and research, providing a complete resource for those seeking a better understanding of the risk at hand.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;As the world struggles to emerge from the latest financial crisis, professionals in finance, the law and other disciplines, and the people they advise, are searching for understanding to avoid future crises. &lt;i&gt;Financial Stability&lt;/i&gt; argues that the best lessons are learned from our own mistakes, and that the ability to look ahead depends upon our willingness to look back. Readers will:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Review the historical laws, practices, and outcomes that shaped the modern day financial markets of the great western economies&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Understand the theory of financial stability, the roles of law and transparency, and the importance of action to punish fraud in order to prevent future contagion&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Work through the theoretical proofs in terms of math, law, accounting, economics, philosophy, and international trade&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Build a strategy for the future with consideration toward needs, sources, balance, and learning from past mistakes&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;Everywhere around the globe, at all points in history, financial crises have always been rooted in the confluence of politics, finance, and law. &lt;i&gt;Financial Stability&lt;/i&gt; puts the latest global financial crisis in perspective, highlighting the lessons we have already learned, and those we need to internalize today.&lt;/p&gt;

Frederick L. Feldkamp

R. Christopher Whalen

Fraud, Confidence and the Wealth of Nations

Financial Stability

Applying the Lessons of History to Understanding Fraud Today and Tomorrow

Financial Stability provides a roadmap by which the world can anticipate and avoid future financial disruptions. This unique discussion of past and present financial events offers new insights that explain economic, political, and legal antecedents of financial crises in Western markets. With a detailed discussion of the history of finance, this book shows modern investors and finance professionals how to learn from past successes and failures to gauge future market threats.

Readers will gain new insight into the antecedents of todays financial markets and the political economy that surrounds them. Armed with this knowledge, they will be able to craft a strategy that steers away from financial disorder and toward maximum stability. Coverage includes discussion of capital, forecasting, and political reaction, and past, present, and future applications within all realms of business. The companion website offers additional data and research, providing a complete resource for those seeking a better understanding of the risk at hand.

As the world struggles to emerge from the latest financial crisis, professionals in finance, the law and other disciplines, and the people they advise, are searching for understanding to avoid future crises. Financial Stability argues that the best lessons are learned from our own mistakes, and that the ability to look ahead depends upon our willingness to look back. Readers will:
* Review the historical laws, practices, and outcomes that shaped the modern day financial markets of the great western economies
* Understand the theory of financial stability, the roles of law and transparency, and the importance of action to punish fraud in order to prevent future contagion
* Work through the theoretical proofs in terms of math, law, accounting, economics, philosophy, and international trade
* Build a strategy for the future with consideration toward needs, sources, balance, and learning from past mistakes

Everywhere around the globe, at all points in history, financial crises have always been rooted in the confluence of politics, finance, and law. Financial Stability puts the latest global financial crisis in perspective, highlighting the lessons we have already learned, and those we need to internalize today.

Applying the Lessons of History to Understanding Fraud Today and Tomorrow    Financial Stability provides a roadmap by which the world can anticipate and avoid future financial disruptions.

Financial Stability, + Website

Frederick Fraley, Schuylkill Navigation to Philadelphia Plan

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