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SpringerBriefs in Physics

Macchi A: A Superintense Laser-Plasma
Interaction Theory Primer

A Superintense Laser-Plasma Interaction Theory Primer

Langevin Stochastic Equations: Treatment of Ocean, Planetary Boundary Layer, and Stellar Turbulence

Ferronematics and Living Liquid Crystals

&nbsp;This book presents a previously unpublished theory for predicting the quantitative behavior of a class of dynamical systems when brought into contact with a source of mechanical energy, when both the system and the source are complex. Complex refers to a virtually unbounded number of quantitative parameters being needed for a complete description, the precise values of which are inherently unknowable. The complexity precludes the use of a complete and completely accurate prediction model, necessitating the construction of an effective theory, a mathematical framework for estimating less than complete system behavior while accommodating less than all underlying physical processes. Predicting less, the effective theory does not require&nbsp; a complete system description, but rather only the values of a limited number of global measures, these to be determined by a process of normalizing the theory. &nbsp; In the text, the dynamical system is identified as a meta-mass comprising a grounded housing element containing a large multiplicity of oscillators, and the theory describes the non-Newtonian behavior of the basic element for a virtually inexhaustible class of non-classical mechanical and mechanical/electrical systems. The non-Newtonian behavior of primary interest is an enhanced energetics, referring to the energy transfer between the meta-mass housing element and an external source. Internal energy transfer between the meta-mass housing element and the encapsulated oscillators is the occasion of changes in the external energy transfer, which has no counterpart in Newtonian mechanics. This makes the effective theory essential for designing mechanical and mechanical/electrical devices that exploit the enhanced energetics. Dynamical system complexity brings to the fore mechanical energy source complexity, which otherwise can be ignored. This book presents a tailoring of the effective theory in the face of mechanical energy source complexity, as an alternative toan explicitly energy formulation. &nbsp;

Response of Complex Dynamical Systems to Complex Mechanical Energy Sources

An Algebraic Approach to the Many-Electron Problem

This book introduces the theory behind the incoherent scattering of electromagnetic waves (radar waves) by free electrons—a key technique for studying critical parameters of the Earth’s ionosphere. Starting with scattering by statistically independent electrons, including magnetized cases, the book progressively develops a comprehensive model. This framework is extended to include ‘dressed particles’, accounting for long-range Coulomb interactions between charged particles. A consistent approach to incorporating particle collisions is presented, with an example of charge exchange interactions for illustration. Appendices provide essential background material, ensuring the content is accessible to readers.
Based on lectures delivered at the University of Tromsø, Norway, this book is designed for Masters and PhD students. It assumes a basic understanding of electromagnetism and plasma physics, including plasma waves and electrostatic phenomena. Familiarity with kinetic plasma theory and the collisionless Vlasov equation is beneficial but not mandatory.

Introduction to the Theory of Incoherent Scattering of Radar Waves from Plasmas

This book explores Lieb's Simplified approach to the ground state of systems of interacting bosons. While extensive research has delved into the behavior of interacting bosons, persistent challenges, such as proving Bose-Einstein condensation, remain. Introduced by Lieb in 1963, the Simplified approach has been the object of renewed attention in recent years, revealing surprising and promising results. Notably, this approach provides ground state energy predictions that agree with many-body systems asymptotically at both low and high densities. It further predicts a condensate fraction and correlation function that agree with Bogolyubov theory at low densities, and numerical predictions match quantum Monte Carlo simulations across all densities. This suggests that Lieb's Simplified approach could serve as a potent tool for reimagining the study of interacting bosons.


The book defines Lieb's Simplified approach, discusses its predictions, and presents known analytical and numerical results. It is designed for advanced students and young researchers working in the fields of mathematical physics, quantum many-body physics and Bose-Einstein condensates.

An introduction to Lieb's Simplified approach to the Bose gas

This book provides a modern pedagogical exposition of the mechanical approach to statistical mechanics initiated by Boltzmann with his early works (1866–1871). Despite the later contribution by Helmholtz, Boltzmann himself (1884–1887), Gibbs, P. Hertz, and Einstein, the mechanical approach remained almost unknown to the modern reader, in favour of the celebrated combinatorial approach, developed by Boltzmann himself during his probabilistic turn (1876–1884). The brief constitutes an ideal continuation of a graduate course of classical mechanics and requires knowledge of basic calculus in many dimensions (including differential forms), thermodynamics, and probability theory, besides Hamiltonian mechanics. The cornerstone of the whole presentation is the ergodic hypothesis. Special attention is devoted to Massieu potentials (the Legendre transforms of the entropy) which are most natural in statistical mechanics and also allow for a more direct treatment of the topic of ensemble equivalence. In this second edition, a chapter is added that addresses the long-debated question of how the second law of thermodynamics can be reconciled with mechanics, by taking advantage of modern methods of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics.

Lectures on the Mechanical Foundations of Thermodynamics

This open access book explains geometric quantization from a physicist¿s perspective. After presenting the general formalism, it delves into several examples reflecting current research interests in high-energy physics and condensed matter physics. Applications explore Chern-Simons theory, theta vacuum, the Hall effect, fluid dynamics, and elements of noncommutative geometry.


The content is tailored to appeal to researchers, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates in high-energy physics, particle physics, and mathematical physics. A background in differential geometry and group theory is beneficial for a comprehensive understanding of the discussions.

Geometric Quantization and Applications to Fields and Fluids

This book describes the state-of-the-art in the emerging field of optical trapping of ions, as well as the most recent advances enabling the use of this technique as a versatile tool for novel investigations in atomic physics. The text provides a detailed explanation of the requirements for optical trapping of ions, replete with a protocol for optical ion trapping, including preparation, transfer, and detection.&nbsp;The book also highlights the experimental requirements for extending the presented scheme to optical trapping of linear ion chains.&nbsp;Lastly, this text elaborates on the key features of the described approach, such as the capability to arrange single strongly interacting atoms in scalable, state-selective and wavelength-sized optical potentials without the detrimental impact of driven radiofrequency fields conventionally used to trap ions. The described results demonstrate that the developed methods are suitable for new experimental investigations, most notably in the field of ultracold interaction of ions and atoms, but also in quantum simulations and metrology. The book's practical bent is perfect for anyone&nbsp;attempting to build an experiment related to the field or understand the limitations behind current experiments.

Trapping Single Ions and Coulomb Crystals with Light Fields

This book addresses the basic physical phenomenon of small-angle scattering (SAS) of neutrons, x-rays or light from complex hierarchical nano- and micro-structures. The emphasis is on developing theoretical models for the material structure containing self-similar or fractal clusters. Within the suggested framework, key approaches for extracting structural information from experimental scattering data are investigated and presented in detail. The range of parameters which can be obtained pave the road towards a better understanding of the correlations between geometrical and various physical properties (electrical, magnetic, mechanical, optical, dynamical, transport etc.) in fractal nano- and micro-materials.

Fractal and Multifractal Models for Interpretation of Experimental Data

Small-Angle Scattering (Neutrons, X-Rays, Light) from Complex Systems

This book begins with a brief historical review of the early applications of standard dispersion relations in particle physics. It then presents the modern perspective within the Standard Model, emphasizing the relation of analyticity together with alternative tools applied to strong interactions, such as perturbative and lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD), as well as chiral perturbation theory.The core of the book argues that, in order to improve the prediction of specific hadronic observables, it is often necessary to resort to methods of complex analysis more sophisticated than the simple Cauchy integral. Accordingly, a separate mathematical chapter is devoted to solving several functional analysis optimization problems. Their applications to physical amplitudes and form factors are discussed in the following chapters, which also demonstrate how to merge the analytic approach with statistical analysis tools.Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for researchers working in precision hadronic physics, as well as graduate students who are new to the field.

Functional Analysis and Optimization Methods in Hadron Physics

Quantum Brownian motion represents a paradigmatic model of open quantum system, namely a system inextricably coupled to the surrounding environment. Such a model is largely used in physics, for instance in quantum foundations to approach in a quantitative manner the quantum-to-classical transition, but also for more practical purposes as the estimation of decoherence in quantum optics experiments.

This book presents the main techniques aimed to treat the dynamics of the quantum Brownian particle: Born-Markov master equation, Lindblad equation and Heisenberg equations formalism. Particular attention is given to the interaction between the particle and the bath depends non-linearly on the position of the former. This generalization corresponds to the case in which the bath is not homogeneous. An immediate application is the Bose polaron, specifically an impurity embedded in an ultracold gas.

Extensions and Applications

Quantum Brownian Motion Revisited

Springer Series in Materials Science

This book provides a comprehensive guide to the cutting-edge science and engineering behind the development of flexible batteries. These innovative devices, capable of bending, twisting, and stretching, hold immense potential for applications ranging from wearable electronics to large-scale energy storage systems. The book presents a thorough overview of the essential materials and design principles that underpin flexible battery technology. It explores the latest advancements in electrode materials, electrolytes, and separators, focusing on materials that exhibit exceptional flexibility, high energy density, and excellent rate capability. In addition to materials selection, the book addresses the challenges and opportunities associated with designing and manufacturing flexible batteries. It discusses strategies for creating flexible battery cells that can withstand mechanical deformation, as well as efficient manufacturing processes and performance evaluation methods. By offering a deep understanding of the materials science and engineering principles governing flexible batteries, this book aims to inspire further research and development in this rapidly evolving field. This book is an essential resource for engineers and materials scientists involved in battery development.

Advanced Energy Materials for Flexible Batteries

Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union Symposia and Colloquia

Impressive events of magnetic energy release, such as solar and stellar flares and coronal mass ejections, take place in the atmospheric layers above a star's photosphere. These magnetic-activity events are closely related to the dynamics of subsurface convection zones inside the star. IAU Symposium 365 was devoted to observational and theoretical aspects of solar and stellar hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics, both global and local, including numerical studies. The last few decades have been marked by substantial progress in our understanding of the physics of internal and external processes in the Sun and solar-type stars, but the scientific communities making this progress have not traditionally worked closely together. This symposium, delayed due to the COVID pandemic, brought together specialists in the physics of convection zones and atmospheres, to stimulate the emergence of new ideas and to develop new techniques in this dynamic field of active research.

Dynamics of Solar and Stellar Convection Zones and Atmospheres (IAU S365)

This book covers a great variety of problems on electricity and magnetism described in the textbook, "Electricity and Magnetism", in which superconductors are classified as one kind of magnetic materials. These problems will be helpful for a deeper understanding of the E-B analogy through a comparison between static electric and magnetic phenomena. Additionally, the usefulness of the vector potential is widely introduced. For example, the vector potential is directly used to determine the induced electromotive force.&nbsp;The author provides various exercises that are not covered in the textbook. The Poynting vector is useful for understanding the energy flow into capacitors or transmission lines during a charging process or into resistors during a dissipation process. A comparison between normal conducting and superconducting transmission lines shows a clear difference in the energy flow, although the final stored magnetic energy is the same. The electromagnetic potential of electromagnetic transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves in a waveguide also presents an interesting difference: The electric potential is zero in one case and non-zero in the other case. The reason for such a difference is explored. The relationship between the electric charge and electric current induced on the conductor surface is investigated for an electromagnetic wave in a waveguide or for that reflected on a conductor surface.&nbsp;This exercise book can be used together with the textbook 'Electricity and Magnetism' by the same author.

100 Examples and 400 Exercises

Exercises in Electricity and Magnetism

This textbook provides a rigorous yet accessible introduction to Nonlinear Elasticity aimed at undergraduate students in a compact text. Rooted in concepts from first- and second-year undergraduate Linear Algebra and Calculus (and very little Tensor Algebra), the book touches upon all the fundamental aspects of nonlinear elasticity, from the analysis of deformation and stress, to the constitutive response and modelling of soft solids, to the lab experiments required to obtain their material properties, and to the concepts of equilibrium and energy minimization. Nonlinear Elasticity is an elegant, physics-based, mathematical theory, one usually only available at graduate level to students in advanced studies of engineering, applied mathematics, and theoretical physics. &nbsp;Over the past ten years, the authors developed a classroom-tested pedagogy aimed at narrowing the range of the skills required to approach Nonlinear Elasticity from the perspective of an undergraduate student pursuing a Bachelor of Science or Engineering, as displayed in this book. It concludes with an analysis of several worked examples, spanning a variety of problems of high technical importance and relevance. The book is organized for use as a core text in the classroom or as a self-contained guide of (24 lectures) for independent learning.

Provides a fresh and compact introduction to the theory of Nonlinear Elasticity, rooted in Linear Algebra and Calculus;&nbsp; &nbsp;
Focuses on basic mathematical tools familiar to mid-stage undergraduates, reinforcing concepts with chapter exercises;&nbsp;
Explains concepts of Nonlinear Elasticity required to describe and characterize the mechanical behavior of soft solids.&nbsp;

A Concise Masterclass for Undergraduates

Nonlinear Elasticity

This book, the 15th of 15 related monographs on Cubic Dynamic Systems, discusses crossing and product cubic systems with a crossing-linear and self-quadratic product vector field. The author discusses series of singular equilibriums and hyperbolic-to-hyperbolic-scant flows that are switched through the hyperbolic upper-to-lower saddles and parabola-saddles and circular and hyperbolic upper-to-lower saddles infinite-equilibriums. Series of simple equilibrium and paralleled hyperbolic flows are also discussed, which are switched through inflection-source (sink) and parabola-saddle infinite-equilibriums. Nonlinear dynamics and singularity for such crossing and product cubic systems are presented. In such cubic systems, the appearing bifurcations are: parabola-saddles, hyperbolic-to-hyperbolic-secant flows, third-order saddles (centers) and parabola-saddles (saddle-center).&nbsp;&nbsp;<ul><li>Develops a theory of crossing and product cubic systems with a crossing-linear and self-quadratic product vector field;</li><li>Presents equilibrium series with hyperbolic-to-hyperbolic-scant flows and with paralleled hyperbolic flows;</li><li>Shows equilibrium series switching bifurcations by up-down hyperbolic upper-to-lower saddles, parabola-saddles, et al.</li></ul>

Crossing-linear and Self-quadratic Product Vector Field

Two-dimensional Crossing and Product Cubic Systems, Vol. II

Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences

Superconductivity and Electromagnetism

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

This book is addressed to researchers and practitioners in the theory and applications of electric circuits. It can also serve as a textbook for Ph.D. students examining applications of modern mathematics to important issues emerging nowadays more and more often in advanced electrical and electronic systems. The book offers effective tools to facilitate the study of all those circuits and systems increasingly penetrating our world, helping to discover their hidden beauty. The material is presented in twelve chapters divided into sections. Usually, first sections are of an introductory nature, explain studied phenomena and announce numerical results. More advanced investigations are presented in subsequent sections. The center of concern is set on existing modern methods as well as continuously emerging new methods of investigations useful for researchers, engineers and practitioners active in many interdisciplinary fields, where physics, electrochemistry, and electric circuits play a key role. Coverage includes: • Principles of optimal operations of electrical circuits; • The equilibrium state of the circuit as a stationary point of its power functional; • The Gibbs effect and its consequences for circuit analysis; • Accurate calculation of complex dynamic circuits operating in non-sinusoidal periodic states; • Energy hysteresis loops in non-sinusoidal periodic states of circuits; • Optimal transformations of elements in three-phase circuits; • Analog and digital filters; • Fractals and their structures and measures; • Fibonacci, Sierpiński and Cantor circuits; • Chaos in electrical circuits; •Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; •Circuits with nanostructures and their properties; •Circuits of fractional orders; •AI in electrical circuits. This is the first extensive description of these topics and the interpretations of analytical results and those obtained from computer simulations with MATLAB environments. Special attention is paid to nonlinear electric circuits and finally the presentation is extended to effective applications of the achievements of modern AI. Numerous examples and exercises illustrate main results of the book. The book provides readers with a better understanding of origins and properties of many new circuit structures made possible by nanotechnology and atomic microscopy.

Advanced Topics in Electric Circuits

Tauche ein in die Elektrodynamik mit einem Lehrbuch, welches die Maxwellschen Gleichungen als Ausgangspunkt nutzt, wodurch Schritt für Schritt ein tiefes Verständnis vermittelt wird.&nbsp;Besonderheiten:Dieses Buch beginnt jedes Kapitel mit einer der Maxwellschen Gleichungen und erklärt dann schrittweise die einzelnen Bestandteile.&nbsp;Anfänger/innen haben so ein konkretes Lernziel vor Augen.&nbsp;Sowohl die vorkommenden physikalischen Größen als auch mathematischen Grundlagen werden in ihrem natürlichen Kontext erklärt. Grundlegende Prinzipien und komplexe Konzepte werden für verschiedene Fälle betrachtet und mit einfachen Beispielen verdeutlicht. Mithilfe von Aufgaben und Lösungen – sowohl klassisch im Buch als auch als digitale Karteikarten für unterwegs – kann das erworbene Wissen eingeübt und vertieft werden.&nbsp;Inhalt:1. Das Gaußsche Gesetz für elektrische Felder – 2. Das Gaußsche Gesetz für magnetische Felder –&nbsp;3. Das Faradaysche Induktionsgesetz&nbsp;– 4. Das Ampère-Maxwellsche Gesetz – 5. Weiterführende Themen der Elektrodynamik – 6. Wechselwirkung von elektrischen und magnetischen Feldern mit Materie&nbsp;Zielgruppe:Studierende der Ingenieurwissenschaften und Naturwissenschaften, wie z.B. Elektrotechnik, Physik, Medizinphysik, etc. als auch Interessierte bzw. Berufstätige, die ein tieferes Verständnis für die Grundlagen der Elektrodynamik entwickeln möchten.&nbsp;Vorkenntnisse: Hilfreich sind physikalische Grundkenntnisse wie sie z.B. im Buch Vorkurs Physik fürs MINT-Studium vermittelt werden.&nbsp;Der Autor:Dr. Patrick Steglich&nbsp;promovierte 2017 an der Universität Rom ‚Tor Vergata‘ und habilitierte 2023 an der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus-Senftenberg.&nbsp;Seit 2018 ist er Dozent mit Lehrauftrag an der Technischen Hochschule Wildau&nbsp;für das Fach Elektrodynamik und forscht am Leibniz-Institut für innovative Mikroelektronik.

Eine schrittweise Reise durch Maxwells Gleichungen

Klassische Elektrodynamik

This comprehensive volume &nbsp;navigates through the complexities of Earth's ionosphere and its intricate relationship with GNSS spread-spectrum signals. The book delineates the nuanced structures and dynamics of Earth's atmosphere, offering profound insights into signal propagation, including a meticulous analysis of various ionospheric models.

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Delving into the instruments of choice, it encapsulates the facets of the GNSS space segment, its theoretical background, and practical applications. The ground and user segments discussed provide readers with a deep understanding of satellite dynamics and navigation data.

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Further chapters explore the intricacies of GNSS Software Defined Radio (SDR), offering a detailed examination of signal acquisition and tracking, and presenting innovative approaches to baseband data application without data decoding. A significant portion is devoted to manufacturing front-end hardware, providing guidance from specifications to testing, enabling readers to navigate the world of hardware design with ease.

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Lastly, the book ventures into the applications of GNSS receivers for ionospheric study, highlighting the construction of advanced observables and their practical applications in navigation processors. This section also elucidates the role of multi-station observables in extracting critical ionospheric information.

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A pivotal resource for researchers and professionals alike, this book stands as a testament to comprehensive research and innovation in the field of GNSS and SDR, fostering a deeper understanding of the Earth's ionosphere.

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This book serves as a natural progression from Dr.Petrocski's prior contributions, offering readers actionable insights grounded in theoretical understanding.

Specialized Software-Defined Radio for In-Depth Ionospheric Research

The Ionosphere with GNSS SDR

Electrodynamics

Theoretical Physics Compact II

The second edition of Applied Mechanics of Solids provides a concise description of all the concepts needed to predict how solid materials deform and fail under stress. With its companion volume of solved example problems, it is an invaluable class textbook or reference for personal study or review.

Applied Mechanics of Solids

This book describes our current understanding of the navigation of birds, their methods, capabilities, and achievements. Our knowledge of this field has progressed immensely in the last fifty years due to the availability of miniaturized tracking and positioning devices, which now allow us to know when and where a specific bird is located and where it is flying. The book is written for a general readership and requires no more of the reader than a true interest in the topic. The text provides an accessible overview of the relevant geographic and geophysical basics (latitudes and longitudes, geomagnetism) and of the neural faculties that allow birds to identify these features. The author surveys a variety of striking avian achievements, ranging from trans-ocean and pole-to-pole flights to circumnavigations of the earth. Readers will also learn how the required knowledge is provided and passed on to future generations, through instinct as well as through experience. Our understanding of such information transfer is much today deeper than it was fifty years ago. Nevertheless, many open questions remain. How an albatross leaving the coast of Brazil can find the way to its nest on a rock off the coast of New Zealand—this is a question still waiting to be answered. Thus, a further purpose of the book is to stimulate additional interest and new research into the fascinating and challenging world of avian navigation.

Avian Orientation and Navigation

How Birds Find Their Way

A Superintense Laser-Plasma Interaction Theory Primer

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