This book discusses the current status of cellular therapy for neurological disorders. The primary areas of focus include traumatic brain injury, stroke, and spinal cord injury. The book explores cell therapy approaches to these and other conditions, while discussing current advances and a literature review in the context of a field that is moving rapidly. It presents a translational focus, addressing barriers and opportunities to moving forward. The mechanisms of injury are explored, as well as how these mechanisms influence the type of cell therapy used, the route of delivery, and dosing regimen.