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Astrometry for Astrophysics

Methods, Models, and Applications

An Introduction for Physicists and Engineers

Waves

This student textbook clearly explains the connections between nuclear and particle physics, giving students a comprehensive understanding of this subject area. The book is suitable for those taking courses dedicated to both particle and nuclear physics, as well as for students taking a course in either nuclear or particle physics, who need to place their studies in a broader context. The book opens with an examination of the Big Bang and the birth of nuclear and particle physics, and concludes with coverage of highly practical experiments and applications, including medical physics, environmental science, nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Worked examples and problems are provided.

This student textbook clearly explains the connections between nuclear and particle physics, giving students a comprehensive understanding of this subject area. The book is suitable for those taking courses dedicated to both particle and nuclear physics, as well as for students taking a course in either nuclear or particle physics, who need to place their studies in a broader context. The book opens with an examination of the Big Bang and the birth of nuclear and particle physics, and concludes with coverage of highly practical experiments and applications, including medical physics, environmental science, nuclear fusion and nuclear fission. Worked examples and problems are provided.

From the Early Universe to Nuclear Energy

Nuclear and Particle Physics

Astrophyscial Fluid Mechanics

Close your eyes and imagine the last moments of a massive star, large as the Solar System. As the mass of its core approaches a fatidic value, the enormous fabric collapses. The star plasma streams like a monstrous wave inward towards the center of the star. In a fraction of a second the core of the star becomes as dense as an atomic nucleus. And then a mighty outward shock wave forms, disrupting the whole structure, the star becoming almost as bright as the whole galaxy. This explosion is a supernova!Chinese observers studied with care these events since ancient times; the observation of these explosions by Tycho Brahe and Kepler was crucial for the adoption of the Copernican system. Do you know that each drop of your blood contains iron atoms produced in these cosmic cataclysms? We are literally star dust, disseminated in the galactic medium by supernovae.This book guides the reader in the discovery of these rare events, the most spectacular that the Universe can offer. Present models reproduce the explosion only with difficulty, as if some details were wrong, or a whole aspect of physics was missing from the equations. Different aspects of these events are illustrated, as well as their historical and scientific importance and their crucial role in the evolution of the galaxy and the living organisms.

Supernova: The Last Flash Of The Disappearing Star

Advanced Series In Astrophysics And Cosmology

The current cosmological model relies on inflationary theories, which incorporate baryosynthesis, dark matter, and dark energy. Supported by precise cosmological data, it necessitates physics beyond the standard models of fundamental forces, including gravity. This connection between macroscopic gravity on large scales and quantum gravity on the smallest scales is where quantum gravity's nature becomes evident. Quantum gravity effects alter our classical understanding of gravitational phenomena as described by General Relativity, leading to observable deviations from the conventional cosmological model. The field of cosmoparticle physics explores the interplay between the micro and macro worlds, offering insights into the development of quantum gravity and its cosmological implications. In this work we hence wanted to cover all the amazing developments which have happened on the interface of quantum gravity theories and cosmology, making it a valuable resource for any researcher interested in exploring these fields in depth or starting research in them.

Quantum Gravitational Imprints On Cosmology

Series in Astronomy and Astrophysics

This book focuses on observing magnetic fields in order to understand their role in star and planet formation. Polarimetry observers will gain a better understanding of all the various techniques, especially those beyond what they themselves use. Theorists will gain an understanding of exactly what one can infer from the observational data, including both the limitations and the power of the different techniques. Readers not actively involved in star formation research will gain a clear understanding of the possible roles played by magnetic fields and the current state of the observational field. The book provides a foundation for future research in this field.

This book focuses on observing magnetic fields in order to understand their role in star and planet formation. Polarimetry observers will gain a better understanding of all the various techniques, especially those beyond what they themselves use. Theorists will gain an understanding of exactly what one can infer from the observational data, including both the limitations and the power of the different techniques. Readers not actively involved in star formation research will gain a clear understanding of the possible roles played by magnetic fields and the current state of the observational field. The book provides a foundation for future research in this field.

Observations and Implications

Magnetic Fields in Regions of Star Formation

An exciting new title in the vein of Hidden Figures, which tells the inspiring stories of long-overlooked women physicists and astronomers who discovered the fundamental rules of the universe and reshaped the rules of society. Women physicists and astronomers from around the world have transformed science and society, but the critical roles they played in their fields are not always well-sung. Her Space, Her Time, authored by award-winning quantum physicist Shohini Ghose, brings together the stories of these remarkable women to celebrate their indelible scientific contributions. In each chapter of the book, Ghose explores a scientific topic and explains how the women featured in that chapter revolutionized that area of physics and astronomy. In doing so, she also addresses particular aspects of women’s experiences in physics and astronomy: in the chapter on time, for instance, we learn of Henrietta Leavitt and Margaret Burbidge, who helped discover the big bang and the cosmic calendar; in the chapter on space exploration, we learn of Anigaduwagi (Cherokee) aerospace scientist Mary Golda Ross, who helped make the Moon landings possible; and in the chapter on subatomic particles, we learn of Marietta Blau, Hertha Wambacher, and Bibha Chowdhuri, who contributed to the discovery of the building blocks of the universe, and, in doing so, played a crucial role in determining who gets to do physics today. Engaging, accessible, and timely, Her Space, Her Time is a collective story of scientific innovation, inspirational leadership, and overcoming invisibility that will leave a lasting impression on any reader curious about the rule-breakers and trendsetters who illuminated our understanding of the universe. Some of the featured women scientists in the book •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Williamina Fleming •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Annie Jump Cannon •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Antonia Maury •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Henrietta Leavitt •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Margaret Burbidge •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mary Golda Ross •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dilhan Eryurt •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Claudia Alexander •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Joyce Neighbors •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Navajo women of Shiprock •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Harriet Brooks •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Marie Curie •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lise Meitner •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Marietta Blau •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hertha Wambacher •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bibha Chowdhuri •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wu Chien-Shiung •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Women of the Manhattan Project •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vera Rubin

An exciting new title in the vein of Hidden Figures, which tells the inspiring stories of long-overlooked women physicists and astronomers who discovered the fundamental rules of the universe and reshaped the rules of society. Women physicists and astronomers from around the world have transformed science and society, but the critical roles they played in their fields are not always well-sung. Her Space, Her Time, authored by award-winning quantum physicist Shohini Ghose, brings together the stories of these remarkable women to celebrate their indelible scientific contributions. In each chapter of the book, Ghose explores a scientific topic and explains how the women featured in that chapter revolutionized that area of physics and astronomy. In doing so, she also addresses particular aspects of women’s experiences in physics and astronomy: in the chapter on time, for instance, we learn of Henrietta Leavitt and Margaret Burbidge, who helped discover the big bang and the cosmic calendar; in the chapter on space exploration, we learn of Anigaduwagi (Cherokee) aerospace scientist Mary Golda Ross, who helped make the Moon landings possible; and in the chapter on subatomic particles, we learn of Marietta Blau, Hertha Wambacher, and Bibha Chowdhuri, who contributed to the discovery of the building blocks of the universe, and, in doing so, played a crucial role in determining who gets to do physics today. Engaging, accessible, and timely, Her Space, Her Time is a collective story of scientific innovation, inspirational leadership, and overcoming invisibility that will leave a lasting impression on any reader curious about the rule-breakers and trendsetters who illuminated our understanding of the universe. Some of the featured women scientists in the book •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Williamina Fleming •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Annie Jump Cannon •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Antonia Maury •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Henrietta Leavitt •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Margaret Burbidge •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Mary Golda Ross •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Dilhan Eryurt •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Claudia Alexander •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Joyce Neighbors •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Navajo women of Shiprock •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Harriet Brooks •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Marie Curie •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Lise Meitner •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Marietta Blau •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Hertha Wambacher •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Bibha Chowdhuri •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Wu Chien-Shiung •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Women of the Manhattan Project •&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Vera Rubin

How Trailblazing Women Scientists Decoded the Hidden Universe

Her Space, Her Time

What is the Higgs boson? How are all forces unified in particle physics? What is a mechanism for gauge symmetry breaking? Are there extra dimensions in spacetime?

The Higgs boson discovered in 2012 is a crucial piece in the standard model for unifying electromagnetic and weak forces. Gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken by the Higgs mechanism. There is an alternative scenario. In the Hosotani mechanism gauge symmetry is spontaneously broken by dynamics of gauge fields in the fifth dimension. The Higgs boson appears as a fluctuation mode of an Aharonov-Bohm phase in the fifth dimension. This leads to the scenario of gauge-Higgs unification.

In this book gauge-Higgs unification is introduced from the basics and is applied to electroweak unification. It is seen that gauge-Higgs unification gives nearly the same phenomenology at low energies as the standard model, and leads to many predictions to be confirmed in future experiments.

Introduction To Gauge-higgs Unification, An: Extra Dimensions In Particle Physics

The first edition of this book is now eight years old, and much has transpired since then. The MATLAB tools have evolved from scripts, to Apps and, at present, to Live code. The Live package is preferred because it combines text, figures and equations with MATLAB code all in a single package. The numerical results of that code, formerly shown separately, also appear in line and in this way the user can vary the parameters of the specific problem and explore immediately how the solutions vary in response.

The physics landscape for cosmology has also evolved significantly. In 2013, the Nobel prize was awarded for the discovery of the Higgs boson, a fundamental scalar, and the first and only such fundamental particle. Nobel prizes for cosmological progress were awarded in 2017, 2019, and 2020. The present "standard model" is that the Universe is composed of matter, photons, dark matter and dark energy. New data from surveys such as DESI and new tools such as the Webb telescope and soon the Rubin observatory are yielding a rich new set of observations which will strongly test the cosmological standard model.

With the evolution of MATLAB tools and the backdrop given by nearly a decade of discoveries, this book is a timely and exciting resource for undergraduates, graduates, researchers, and educators in the field of astrophysics and cosmology.

Cosmology With Matlab: Revised With Matlab Live Scripts

This is a careful and comprehensive overview of the dark matter problem, including recent theoretical estimates, updated experimental constraints, and analysis of forthcoming experiments.

Space Time And Dark Matter: The Hidden Sectors Of Particle Physics And Cosmology

Comparative Planetology

Erosion, Deposition, and Weathering Across the Solar System, Volume Four summarizes erosional landforms across the Solar System, with an emphasis on the mechanistic processes responsible for these features, including case studies and methods of data and image analysis. Using comparative studies of planetary bodies and various Earth locations as natural laboratories to test models of erosive processes and landscape evolution, the book provides a current review of understanding of the evolution of planetary surfaces for Earth and those of our Solar System. Planetary surfaces images across the Solar System reveal the ubiquity of erosional processes on planets, moons, and other bodies. From branching valley networks on Mars to hydrocarbon rivers on Titan to nitrogen glaciers on Pluto, landforms across the Solar System are conspicuously similar to features that we are familiar with on Earth. This familiarity suggests similar erosional processes are occurring across the Solar System despite drastically different surface conditions and material properties.

Erosion, Deposition, and Weathering Across the Solar System: Volume 4

Optics of the Moon presents methods for interpreting optics of surfaces on the Moon with complicated structures. For example, the book illustrates how phase-ratio techniques can lead to the detection of surface structure anomalies, describes polarimetric studies of the lunar surface and their use, and addresses many other questions relating to the regolith-like surfaces of the Moon, such as why the Moon looks like a ball at a large phase angle and like a disk in full moon, why the lunar surface has slight color variations, and why at large phase angles its polarization degree closely correlates with albedo.

Optics of the Moon

Astrometry for Astrophysics

Bibliografische Angaben

Schlagworte

Bibliografische Angaben

Schlagworte

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