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Ciupa K: The Political Economy of Oil in
Venezuela

The Political Economy of Oil in Venezuela

Class Conflict, the State, and the World Market

Acknowledgements 
Abbreviations 
 
Introduction: The New Left and Venezuelan Oil Development 
 1 Neoliberalism 
 2 The New Latin American Left 
 3 Neoliberal Reform and the Caracazo in Venezuela 
 4 The Bolivarian Revolution and Twenty-First Century Socialism 
 5 Structure of the Book 
 
1 Rentier Accumulation and State and Class Formation 
 1 Theorising Oil-Exporting Countries 
 2 Marxian Theory of Rent 
 3 International Oil Rents and Pricing 
 4 The Capitalist State 
 5 Class Relations 
 6 Conclusion 
 
2 The History of Venezuelan Oil Development 
 1 1800–1907: Pre-Oil Venezuela and the Advent of the Global Oil Industry 
 2 1908–1957: The Birth of the Venezuelan Oil Industry 
 3 1958–1982: The Pact of Punto Fijo and Oil Nationalisation 
 4 1983–1998: Neoliberalism and the Internationalisation of the Oil Industry 
 5 Conclusion 
 
3 The New Left and the Bolivarian Revolution from 1999 to 2016 
 1 The Trajectory of the New Latin American Left 
 2 1999–2000: The New Constitution and Moderate Reform 
 3 2001–2004: Anti-Neoliberalism and Oil Reform 
 4 2005–2008: Twenty-First Century Socialism and Social Welfare Reform 
 5 2009–2016: Crisis and Declining Oil Revenues 
 6 Conclusion 
 
4 Rent Collection and Distribution under the Bolivarian Government 
 1 Reform and Rent Capture 
 2 Rent Distribution Mechanisms 
 3 Conclusion 
 
5 Oil, Class Conflict, and the Limitations of the Venezuelan State 
 1 International Oil Relations and the Limits of Venezuelan Oil Development 
 2 The Venezuelan Capitalist and Landlord State 
 3 Class Politics and the Bolivarian Project 
 4 Politicising Rent 
 5 Conclusion 
 
6 Conclusion 
 1 Neoclassical Economics and the Dutch Disease 
 2 Institutionalist Perspective 
 3 Marxian Theory of Rent 
 4 International Oil Relations, Pricing and Rent Formation 
 5 The New Latin American Left 
 6 The Venezuelan State 
 7 Social Property Relations 
 
List of Interviewees 
Bibliography 
Index

Routledge Explorations in Development Studies

Bridging theory and practice, this comprehensive book critically examines regional and spatial strategies for development and their outcomes, drawing on a wide range of international examples. It highlights lessons learned from the implementation of spatial and regional approaches to development, discusses the strengths and weaknesses of these various approaches and promotes a new framework of spatial and regional development, advocating a dynamic approach to local-national-global integration.

Towards a New Framework

Spatial and Regional Development in Perspective

There are many ideas about how the world should change to improve the lot of large portions of the population and many individuals, groups and organisations who are trying to put those ideas into practice. Development: The Basics is an absorbing introduction to those policies, practices and players in human development and addresses key questions including: Is development simply about alleviating poverty? Do development ideas work best at the global or local level? How can we achieve the goal of sustainable development? Do the outcomes always match the intentions?Featuring examples drawn from around the world, a glossary, timelines and suggestions for further reading this book is the ideal starting point for those new to the study of development.

Development: The Basics

Technological change and innovation have long fueled economic growth and employment. Yet, in recent decades, productivity gains have increasingly failed to translate into more jobs and higher wages. Jobless Growth and the New Great Transformation investigates this apparent paradox, by examining the theoretical and empirical evidence about the relationship between innovation and structural change. It combines rigorous and cutting-edge data analysis with EU case studies to reveal how recent technological breakthroughs, far from driving shared prosperity, have slowed growth, widened spatial divides and fueled societal polarization, partly due to excessive confidence in market deregulation. Drawing on data-driven analyses, the book explains why impacts of innovation vary so widely between regions and how history, institutions, and policy-not just market forces-determine who benefits from technological advances and who is left behind.

A Data Driven Analysis

Jobless Growth and the New Great Transformation

Elements in Development Economics

This Element synthesizes a decade of research on who is doing what and where in global value chains. Moving beyond the traditional product- or industry-based approach, the authors introduce a task-based framework for analyzing trade and structural transformation. This novel perspective captures the increasingly fragmented and specialized nature of global production. They present new data and methods to measure the income and employment associated with task exports, and analyze evolving patterns of task specialization along countries' development paths. By demonstrating the versatility and policy relevance of this approach, they aim to inspire further research and inform debates on trade, growth, and development. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.

A New Perspective on International Trade, Structural Change and Economic Development

Trade in Tasks

Compared to their larger Asian counterparts, Philippine conglomerates have tracked a unique growth trajectory in the face of chronic poverty, economic inequality, and political conflict. While there are many studies about the zaibatsus of Japan and the chaebols of South Korea, there has been minimal research on Philippine conglomerates and their contributions to the successful turnaround of an economy that was once considered the region's perennial laggard.In this collection of essays, the authors interrogate the relationship between conglomerates and inclusive development by highlighting the Philippine experience and comparing it with those of other Southeast and East Asian economies, notably Vietnam, Indonesia, and South Korea. Have Philippine conglomerates been central to the country's economic miracle? How have they contributed to the attainment of the government's inclusive development agenda? What can be learned from the successes and failures of other Asian conglomerates? These are the key themes this volume seeks to answer to shed light on how conglomerates have impacted the course of the country's economic development.

Philippine Conglomerates And Inclusive Development: Tracking A Unique Trajectory In Asia

The first of two volumes written “in and against development” tells the story of how of The Economics of Everything, or Economics Imperialism, became a dominant presence in development economics.
 

Today, economics imperialism sets the agenda in development studies, with the World Bank taking a leading, if contested, role. This volume examines how this happened, charting the evolution from the old or classic development economics through the new, newer and newest development economics. Drawing critically upon the Kuhnian notions of paradigm shifts, corresponding changes are contextualized materially, intellectually and policy-wise. Covering key issues such as famine, the developmental state, and trade and industrial policy, detailed attention is paid to the potential for alternatives for economics and economic policies.

In and against Development: From New to Newest Development Economics

Routledge IAFFE Advances in Feminist Economics

In the wake of the global financial crisis, governments in many countries have imposed widespread cuts in public expenditure and social rights, some of which have been so dramatic that they have been described as 'austericide'. This book explores the financial crisis and the policies implemented in response to it in terms of the differences in the ways in which women and men have been affected by it, using an approach which combines feminist economics and a political economy framework. The book's aim is to question conventional economic theories in order to present more critical and realistic policy approaches. The breadth of the book's exploration of the impact of the cuts, exploring issues such as gender stereotyping and the sustainability of welfare systems, moves it beyond other analyses of gender and the crisis.

Austericide in Europe

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An interactive adventure inside the Treasury

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Cambridge Companions to Law

The Cambridge Companion to World Trade Law offers expert but compact discussion of the diverse perspectives, enduring issues, and emergent challenges in the field. This volume offers a lively and thorough overview of the subject in all its dimensions. It takes stock of the state of the field of trade law without allowing current events to dominate key debates. It is intended to be appreciated not only by a legal audience as a collection of concise yet thoughtful reflective pieces, but also by readers across the fields of business, economics, finance, sociology, diplomacy, and international relations who may have no specialist trade law knowledge. It will appeal not only to the novice but also to the seasoned trade law expert who might wish to have at hand a single-volume compendium of current expert analysis across the different dimensions of trade law.

The Cambridge Companion to World Trade Law

An empirical analysis and new theoretical framework for understanding economic expectations and decision-making in different historical settings. Expectations play a crucial role in shaping economic behavior. But how are expectations actually formed, and how has this changed over time? The financial crisis of 2007–08 cast doubt on traditional theories of expectation formation, particularly the rational expectations framework. In Contingent Expectations, Alexander Nützenadel and Jochen Streb examine the ways that past experiences influence the economic expectations and decision-making of households, investors, and policymakers through history, and offer an alternative perspective. Combining a comprehensive empirical analysis of expectation formation from the eighteenth century to the present day with an assessment of the relevant economic theory, Nützenadel and Streb present a new theoretical framework, contingent expectations, for understanding economic expectation. Nützenadel and Streb show how economic actors developed new forecasting methods in response to rising uncertainty brought on by the Industrial Revolution, the expansion of global trade, financial market integration, and environmental crises. Tracing the evolution of economic theories on expectations, they find that when growing market volatility made forecasting more complex, economic agents often adapted with remarkable flexibility to changing circumstances. Challenging prevailing concepts of expectations, including rational choice and adaptive expectations, Nützenadel and Streb emphasize the heterogeneity of economic agents’ cognitive practices—in particular, the need to consider variation in information costs and historical experience. Expectation formation, they argue, is contingent on each individual’s current decision-making situation. Their account of the history of economic expectations has significant implications for current debates in economics.

Uncertainty, Risk, and Economic Behavior in Historical Perspective

Contingent Expectations

Its Defence and Reform

Overseas Aid 2nd Edition

Economic Perspectives on Institutions provides an introduction to the economic analysis of institutions, particularly with respect to the core issues of conflict, coordination and inequality, offering an essential synthesis of what we have learnt so far and highlighting the major gaps to be filled. Readers are introduced to some of the best ideas produced in the field of institutional economics and are provided with a critical assessment both of their ability to explain a number of crucial problems and to offer a guide to the choice of the best policies. This book will be essential reading to all those studying and researching in the field of institutional economics.

Conflict, Coordination, Inequality

Economic Perspectives on Institutions

The Political Economy of Oil in Venezuela

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