Nuclear Science, Technology, and Civilization provides an introduction to nuclear science and technology, providing technical terms and examples in an accessible way. It provides the history and current situation of nuclear energy development in several countries, before discussing the future direction of nuclear developments and its impact on society. Beginning with an introduction to the fundamental concepts of nuclear science, nuclear technology and nuclear energy, the book then reviews the origin and historical development of nuclear energy and nuclear technology across multiple applications, such as industry, agriculture, and medicine. A collection of global case studies are then presented, reviewing national conditions of typical countries or regions to explain the differences in the impact of nuclear science and technology on similar communities. The book also offers a deep dive into the energy demand for nuclear science technology, considering topics such as carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. The book concludes with a discussion on the future of human and nuclear civilization, outlining the impact of future advanced nuclear technology on a nuclear world. Combining both social science and nuclear engineering aspects, Nuclear Science, Technology, and Civilization is an essential read to those new to the field of nuclear science, as well as graduates, researchers, policymakers and engineers within nuclear energy.