Metallurgy and Design of Alloys with Hierarchical Microstructures, Second Edition covers the fundamentals of processing-microstructure-property relationships and how multiple properties are balanced and optimized in materials with hierarchical microstructures widely used in critical applications. The discussion is based principally on metallic materials used in aircraft structures, though due to sufficiently diverse microstructures, the underlying principles can be easily applied to other materials systems. The book integrates aspects of computational materials science, physical metallurgy, alloy design, process design, and structure-properties relationship, in a manner not done before. It fills a knowledge gap in the interrelationships of multiple microstructural and deformation mechanisms. By applying the concepts and tools of designing microstructures for achieving combinations of engineering properties, such as strength, corrosion resistance, durability and damage tolerance in multi-component materials used for critical structural applications, this book brings new coverage of metallurgy fundaments, new worked examples and applications, new developments in the field, new problems with an emphasis on calculations, and much more.