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Elements of Paleontology

Gorzelak P: Functional Micromorphology
of the Echinoderm Skeleton

Functional Micromorphology of the Echinoderm Skeleton

"This Element reviews the ecologies of skeletal trace-producing interactions on echinoids in modern ecosystems and the recognition of those biogenic traces in the fossil record. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core"--

Modern Insights into Ancient Interactions

The Ecology of Biotic Interactions in Echinoids

The extraxial-axial theory (EAT) and universal elemental homology (UEH) are often portrayed as mutually exclusive hypotheses of homology within pentaradiate Echinodermata. EAT describes homology upon the echinoderm bauplan, interpreted through early post-metamorphic growth and growth zones, dividing it into axial regions generally associated with elements of the ambulacral system and extraxial regions that are not. UEH describes the detailed construction of the axial skeleton, dividing it into homologous plates and plate series based on symmetry, early growth, and function. These hypotheses are not in conflict; the latter is rooted in refinement of the former. Some interpretive differences arise because many of the morphologies described from eleutherozoan development are difficult to reconcile with Paleozoic forms. Conversely, many elements described for Paleozoic taxa by UEH, such as the peristomial border plates, are absent in eleutherozoans. This Element recommends these two hypotheses be used together to generate a better understanding of homology across Echinodermata.

A Review and Evaluation of Homology Hypotheses in Echinoderm Paleobiology

Echinoderms have evolved diverse and disparate morphologies throughout the Phanerozoic. Among them, blastozoans, an extinct group of echinoderms that were an important component of Paleozoic marine ecosystems, are primarily subdivided into groups based on the morphology of respiratory structures. However, systematic and phylogenetic research from the past few decades have shown that respiratory structures in blastozoans are not group-defining and they have re-evolved throughout echinoderm evolution. This Element provides a review of the research involving blastozoan respiratory structures, along with research concerning the morphology, paleoecology, and ontogeny of each of the major groupings of blastozoans as it relates to their corresponding respiratory structures. Areas of future research in these groups are also highlighted.

A Review of Blastozoan Echinoderm Respiratory Structures

The echinoderms are an ideal group to understand evolution from a holistic, interdisciplinary framework. The genetic regulatory networks underpinning development in echinoderms are some of the best known for any model group. Additionally, the echinoderms have an excellent fossil record, elucidating in in detail the evolutionary changes underpinning morphological evolution. In this Element, the echinoderms are discussed as a model group for molecular palaeobiological studies, integrating what is known of their development, genomes, and fossil record. Together, these insights shed light on the molecular and morphological evolution underpinning the vast biodiversity of echinoderms, and the animal kingdom more generally.

Molecular Paleobiology of the Echinoderm Skeleton

Fossil crinoids are exceptionally suited to deep-time studies of community paleoecology and niche partitioning. By merging ecomorphological trait and phylogenetic data, this Element summarizes niche occupation and community paleoecology of crinoids from the Bromide fauna of Oklahoma (Sandbian, Upper Ordovician).

Niche Evolution and Phylogenetic Community Paleoecology of Late Ordovician Crinoids

This Element analyses the use of Instagram as a science education platform, using a paleontology-focused account as a case study.

Developing Metrics for Instagram as a Natural Science Communication Tool

Follow the Fossils

This Element introduces select destructive and non-destructive tomographic techniques that are routinely applied to fossils and reviews how this work has improved our understanding of the anatomy, function, taphonomy, and phylogeny of fossil echinoderms.

Tomographic Techniques For Studying Fossil Echinoderms

Virtual Paleontology

Skeletal Morphologies, Environmental Factors, and Preservation Pathways

The Taphonomy of Echinoids

This Element provides a hypothesis-driven look at testing models for diversification in Cambrian echinoderms.

A case study with Cambrian echinoderms

Testing Character Evolution Models in Phylogenetic Paleobiology

Crinoid Feeding Strategies: New Insights From Subsea Video And Time-Lapse

An ontogenetic series of Deltasuchus motherali helps clarify its niche and resolve a contested part of the crocodyliform family tree.

Revealing Ecomorphological Niche Partitioning and Appalachian Endemism in Cenomanian Crocodyliforms

Expanded Sampling Across Ontogeny in Deltasuchus motherali (Neosuchia, Crocodyliformes)

Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) provide paleontologists with analaytical tools for investigating evolutionary tempo and mode in fossil lineages, but integrating them with fossil data can be challenging. This Element presents guides to applying PCMs with fossil taxa as well as example analayses illustrating common applications.

Phylogenetic Comparative Methods: A User's Guide for Paleontologists

What Humans and 81 Other Species Expect When They're Expecting

40 Weeks

Das moderne Weltbild – und wem wir es verdanken | Lernen von den wichtigsten Denkerinnen und Denkern, um die Herausforderungen unserer Zeit zu meistern

Die Evolution des Denkens

Religion and Reason

A Sociological Outline

The Evolution of Religion

Advances in Marine Biology

Special Volume on Kogia biology: Part 3: Volume 100

'Die Übermenschen, die in den kommenden hundert Jahren das Licht der Welt erblicken, wer den sich von uns gewiss noch mehr unterscheiden als wir uns vom Neandertaler oder dem Schim pansen unterscheiden', schreibt der Historiker Yuval Noah Harari.
Wirklich?
Werden die Ideen, Phantasien und Ängste Realität werden, die sich vor allem in den USA seit den 1980er Jahren immer weiter ausbreiten? Werden die Gehirne menschlicher Individuen, mit KI verbunden, unmittelbar Zugriff auf alles Wissen der Menschheit haben? Wird das Altern abgeschafft werden, ja, wird das ewige Leben, der Traum fast aller Religionen, durch Gentechnologie und Computerwissenschaft verwirklicht werden können? Wird die menschliche Evolution eine ganz neue Stufe erreichen? - Oder ist es nur so, dass einige Superreiche ungeheure Mengen von Geld verschwenden, um ihr Leben biologisch ein paar Jahre zu verlängern oder ihr Bewusstsein für immer in Maschinen zu konservieren? Le Dévédec erklärt, was die unterschiedlichen Strömungen des Transhumanismus vorhersagen, welche Wege die Forschung zur 'Erweiterung' des Menschen geht und wie sie finanziert wird. Er beleuchtet kritisch, was technologisch realistisch und was Ideologie oder Tech-Propaganda ist. Und er diskutiert, was an der Erweiterung des Menschen überhaupt wünschenswert sein könnte.

Transhumanismus

A multidisciplinary view of how our competitive and cooperative natures make us human

How We Evolved to Compete in a Cooperative World

Invisible Rivals

The Hidden Truth of Our Divinity, Power and Destiny

Pure Human

An authoritative and up-to-date exploration of how the competition-defence trade-off has shaped the marine microbial food web In The Marine Microbial Food Web: Competition and Defence as Shaping Forces from Ecosystem to Genes, distinguished researcher Tron Frede Thingstad delivers an insightful and practical discussion of the microbial portion of the ocean's food web. The author describes how specific factors, including evolution, biodiversity, organism life strategies, genome organization, biogeochemistry, food web structure, and population dynamics, can be understood as the consequences of the balance between competition and defence. Using modular idealized mathematical models developed from classical Lotka-Volterra formulations, the book describes models that explain the balance between production and consumption of organic material in the photic zone and the potential for export to the ocean's interior. It also explains how the models are relevant to contemporary climate change and a variety of other modern applications. Readers will also find: <ul> <li>A thorough explanation of why the pathogenicity of many "L-strategists" probably originated as coincidental evolution from originally evolved mechanisms for predator defence</li> <li>Comprehensive explorations of to the role of the marine microbial food web in ocean biogeochemistry and production</li> <li>Practical discussions of simple mathematical models of competition, defence, trade-off, and fitness</li> <li>Fulsome treatments of a wide range of organization levels, including individual cells and larger communities of organisms</li> </ul> Perfect for researchers, students, and instructors of marine ecology, marine microbiology, and microbial oceanography, The Marine Microbial Food Web will also prove invaluable to limnologists, oceanographers, and students with an interest in applied mathematics.

Competition and Defence as Shaping Forces from Ecosystem to Genes

The Marine Microbial Food Web

Princeton Field Guides

The Princeton Field Guide to Prosauropod and Sauropod Dinosaurs

The Surprising Science of Human Diversity

Adaptable

Critical Environments: Nature, Science, and Politics

Paleontology in the United States

Making Our Beasts

The dinosaur-bird transition has been intensively studied using both fossil and embryological evidence. In recent years, the notion that birds are living dinosaurs has become the mainstream opinion in paleontology. But some embryologists and ornithologists remain skeptical and accuse paleontologists of ignoring conflicting evidence. This book resolves these conflicts. Careful re-evaluation of those features in seeming contradiction reveal that such characteristics actually support and corroborate the mainstream view that birds are in fact members of a dinosaurian lineage - they are living dinosaurs.

Interpreting and Resoliving Developmental Evidence

Embryos of Living Dinosaurs

Functional Micromorphology of the Echinoderm Skeleton

Informations bibliographiques

Mots-clés

Informations bibliographiques

Mots-clés

Autres titres de la collection: Elements of Paleontology

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