Finding a single text that covers fundamental concepts, analytical mathematics, and up-to-date software applications for the finite element method (FEM) can be challenging. However, the second edition of Essentials of the Finite Element aims to simplify the search by offering a comprehensive yet concise resource suitable for newcomers to FEM or those in need of a refresher. This edition begins by explaining the basics of FEM and gradually introduces advanced topics, while also illustrating the practical applications of the theory in engineering. The book covers various specific subjects, including linear spring elements, bar elements, trusses, beams and frames, plates, heat transfer, structural dynamics, and buckling. Throughout the text, readers are provided with step-by-step detailed analyses for the development of finite element equations. Moreover, the book demonstrates the programming aspect of FEM, offering examples in MATLAB, EXCEL, CALFEM, and ANSYS. This allows readers to gain insights into developing their own computer code. Designed for a wide range of readers, from first-time BSc/MSc students to experienced researchers and practicing mechanical/structural engineers, Essentials of the Finite Element Method, Second Edition serves as a comprehensive reference text suitable for modern engineers.