"The advent of power electronics such as variable frequency drives, electric propulsion system related shipboard electrical power generation and distribution demands further amplification of shipboard ground detection, monitoring and management plans. The present ground system somewhat resembles the terrestrial power system at the fundamental frequency. In general, power system grounding is somewhat described through the National Electric Code, IEEE-141/142 for industrial & commercial installation. However, shipboard power systems are different. In Europe the term Earthing is used for electrical grounding. American Bureau of Shipping (ABS) Rules have changed the grounding to earthing. IEEE-45, USCG, US Military specification uses the term grounding."--