The occurrence of astragali in archaeological contexts has been rarely explored in detail; up to date a simplistic approach, focusing mainly on the gaming purpose, has affected the study and debate of the material evidence and has limited the range of the research questions. For the first time, this volume brings together the works of many scholars who have variously studied astragals: mostly unpublished or little known literary, epigraphic, iconographical and archaeological evidence, aiming to cast new light on the multiple values of the knuckle-bones in the ancient Greek world.